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Hood Method를 이용한 직화구이 음식점의 미세먼지 배출 특성
이준복,김흥주,정권,김신도,Lee, Jun-Bok,Kim, Heung-Joo,Jung, Kweon,Kim, Shin-Do 한국환경보건학회 2009 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.35 No.4
Under-fired charbroiling cooking processes are known as important contributors of particulate matter (PM). In this study, we characterized the emission of particulate matters from under-fired charbroiling cooking processes using the hood method. Accumulated mass concentration of $PM_{10}$ was 92.2~99.5% and particle size of 2.0~2.5 ${\mu}m$ was highest. The concentration of PM increased very sharply at the beginning of charbroiling meats and then gradually decreased as the charbroiling continued. PM concentration also increased very sharply when gravy from meat spilled onto the frame of fire. However, mass concentration during charbroiling using only charcoals was very low compared to that of meats. We estimated the emission factors of charcoal, pork belly and pork shoulder respectively; 0.01~0.02 g/kg, 5.02~6.26 g/kg, 2.86~4.15 g/kg of $PM_{2.5}$, 0.01~0.03 g/kg, 7.44~7.91 g/kg, 4.54~5.56 g/kg of $PM_{10}$, and 0.02~0.05 g/kg, 7.59~7.95 g/kg, 4.93~5.68 g/kg of TSP. The emission factors of charcoal were negligible and the emission factors of pork belly were higher than that of pork shoulder. Emission rates of particulate matters from under-fired charbroiling cooking process were estimated as 578,009~1,265,152 kg/yr of $PM_{2.5}$, 917,539~1,598,619 kg/yr of $PM_{10}$ and 996.358~1,606,703 kg/yr of TSP. But emission factors should be verified with an in-stack cascade impactor because the reported method involves some assumptions.
천창근,김성욱,김흥주,장웅성,노중석,Chun, Chang-Keun,Kim, Sung-Wook,Kim, Heung-Joo,Chang, Woong-Seong,Noh, Joong-Suk 대한용접접합학회 2013 대한용접·접합학회지 Vol.31 No.2
Titanium and its alloys have been widely using in the various field of industry application due to high corrosion resistant properties and mechanical properties. Titanium is highly reactive in the high temperature state and the formation of titanium oxide and porosities in the nuggets of fusion welding will results in the degradation of the mechanical properties. For this reason the studies of friction stir welding for titanium have been investigated recently. The FSW zones of titanium were classified by the weld nugget (WN), the linear transition boundary (TB) and the heat affected zone (HAZ). The WN along with titanium parent was characterized by the presence of twins and dislocations. The average grain size and hardness of WN has been changed according to heat input. The grain refinement resulted from the FSW increased the hardness in the stir zone. Sound dissimilar joints between SUS 304 and CP-Ti were achieved using an advancing speed of 50 mm/min and rotation speeds in the range of 700-1100 rpm. Aluminum 1060 and titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V plates were lap joined by friction stir welding, hence the ultimate tensile shear strength of joint reached 100% of Al 1060. Mg alloy and Ti were successfully butt joined by inserting a probe into the Mg alloy plate with slightly offsetting. But Ti-Al intermetallic compound layers formed at the interface of these joints.
실험적으로 일이킨 백서에서의 바이러스성 심근염에 대한 연구
박언휘(Eun Hwi Park),김흥주(Heung Joo Kim),김성진(Sung Jin Kim),방인숙(In Sook Bang),박성진(Seong Jin Park),구정완(Jung Wan Ku),윤성철(Sung Chul Yun),한동선(Dong Sun Han),정준호(Joon Ho Jung),김성숙(Sung Sook Kim) 대한내과학회 1993 대한내과학회지 Vol.45 No.1
N/A Background: The authors injected EMC virus (Encephalomyocarditis virus) to induce viral myocarditis in ICR mice in order to study the survival rate and serial histopathologic change of viral myocarditis according to duration. Methods: Seventy adult male ICR mice of 8 to 10 weeks were used for experiment. Among 70 mice, 40 mice (Group I) were used to observe survival and 30 mice (Group II) were used to see serial histopathologic change (Each 5 mice were killed before and 5, 10, 20 days after virus injection). The hearts of animals were fixed in 10% buffered formalin and routinely processed. Hematoxylin & Eosin stain and Masson trichrome stain were done to observe inflammation and fibrosis. Results: 1) In Group I, 1 mouse died at each 2, 4, 5, 6 day after virus injection, and 4 mice died at 7 day and 2 mice died at 10 and 11 day. Total 10 animals among 40 died (mortality: 25%), and showed peak death period at 4-7 days, 2) In Group II, at 5th, 10th, 20th day after virus injection, average inflammatory grade in the myocardium were 1.8, 3.4, 2.0, respectively. 3) Histologic findings revealed monouclear cells infiltration, myofiber necrosis & degeneration. These changes occur multifocally rather than diffusely. Inflammation was most severe at 10 days. 4) Fibrosis was increased at 20 days after virus injection compared to early phase of myocarditis. Distribution of fibrosis is relatively parallel with the area of inflammation, but not with the degree of inflammation. 5) In some cases, dilation of both atriums and ventricles and thrombosis accompaning severe pulmonary congestion and edema were observed, indicating possible transition to dilated cardiomyopathy. Conclusions: It is considered that this experimental animal model may be useful not only to study the pathogenetic mechanisms of viral myocarditis but also to observe clinical course and evaluate the effect of possible drugs to treat myocarditis.