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Linker Scanning analysis of the BPV - 1 Upstream Regulatory Region
Heedai Kim Jae rang Rho,Joon Ho Choe 생화학분자생물학회 1995 BMB Reports Vol.28 No.4
The upstream regulatory region (URR) of bovine papillomavirus type 1 (BPV) contains promoters and a conditional transcriptional enhancer that is trans-activated by the viral E2 protein. After deleting the 5` and 3` ends of BPV URR, BamHI linkers were inserted into several positions of BPV URR without causing an addition or a deletion of URR sequences. Most linker scanning mutations did not show any effects on the transcription of P7940 and P89 promoters in BPV URR. However, several mutants showed reduced transcriptional activities. Based on our results we found that the AP-2 and Spl binding sites were important for basal level transcription of BPV URR in the absence of the E2 protein and that the CTF/NF-1 site is dispensable for E2 tmnsactivation of BPV URR transcription.
박대효,탁문호,Heedai Kim,Taehong Ahn 대한토목학회 2005 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.9 No.3
Porous media consist of physically and chemically different materials and have an extremely complicated behavior due to the different material properties of each of its constituents. In order to describe and clarify the deformation behavior of porous media, it is essential to develop constitutive models for deformation of porous media coupling several effects such as flow of fluids or thermodynamical change of the internal structure. Then, it is necessary for numerical implementation using finite element method to solve constitutive equations. Especially, constitutive models need to be developed in frame of Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian (ALE) description. The aim of ALE formulations is to maximize the advantages of Lagrangian and Eulerian methods, and to minimize the disadvantages. Therefore, this method is appropriate for the analysis of porous media that are considered for the behavior of solids and fluids. In the paper Part I, governing equations for saturated porous media based on ALE description are derived. Then, weak forms of these equations are obtained in order to implement numerical method using finite element method. In this paper, Petrov-Galerkin method is necessarily applied to develop finite element formulation. And system equations for linear and nonlinear behavior are derived.