Immigrant Network Structure and Perceived Social Capital

Harris Hyun-soo Kim(김현수) 서울대학교 사회발전연구소 2014 Journal of Asian Sociology Vol.43 No.2

The main purpose of this article is to investigate the relationship between (objective) network structures of individual immigrants and their (subjective) expectations regarding access to social capital. Based on a government-funded original dataset collected on ethnic Koreans living in Tashkent, Uzbekistan, this study probes into how the way in which an individual (i.e., ego) is tied with his or her close social contacts (i.e., alters) is associated with perceived social support from them. In highlighting this causal linkage, two network concepts are explored as possible mechanisms: closure (Coleman 1988) and brokerage (Burt 1992). The findings from empirical analyses lend support for the brokerage argument. Ceteris paribus, immigrants whose egocentric networks are characterized by openness and disconnectedness (i.e., filled with more ‘structural holes’ or nonredundant contacts) are more likely to believe that they can receive assistance from their close friends and relatives in times of need.

Determinants of Individual Voting Behavior : The Role of Social Capital, Free-Riding Tendencies and Nationalistic Sentiments

Kim, Harris Hyun-soo 이화여자대학교 사회과학연구소 2013 사회과학연구논총 Vol.29 No.2

The aim of this study is to examine some key determinants of formal political participation, namely voting behavior in local and national elections. In analyzing “who participates,” social scientists have increasingly relied on the role of social capital. This study applies two major social capital concepts, i.e., generalized trust and voluntary organizational membership, in investigating the conditions under which people are more likely to cast a ballot during election times. In addition, it introduces two new concepts which have not received systematic attention in the extant scholarship: the level of national pride and free-riding tendencies, which are both hypothesized to affect the probability of individual political involvement. The data come from the Korean subsample of the Asian Barometer Survey (2003), the largest cross-national general social science survey covering Asian countries. Using hierarchical linear modeling, the current research examines simultaneously at individual and contextual (regional) levels how these four main independent variables are associated with the outcome variables (voting in local and national elections). Ceteris paribus, generalized trust increases the likelihood of participation in the national, but not local, election. Organizational membership has no significant effect on both types of voting at the individual level. But, at the regional level, it is negatively associated with voting behavior during times of national election. Nationalism raises the chances of getting involved in the local election only, while free-riding tendency is found to decrease the probability of casting a vote during national elections. These findings suggest that political consequences of social capital are not uniform but contingent upon contextual factors.

Network Dynamics of Interorganizational Tie Dissolution

Harris Hyun-soo Kim 한국사회학회 2012 韓國社會學 Vol.46 No.3

The focus of this paper is to examine the network dynamics of market tie dissolution in the legal services industry. Based on a longitudinal dataset on top 250 U.S. law firms and their 200 large financial clients, this study analyzes the ways in which interpersonal and interorganizational networks affect the probability of buyer-seller tie break-up. The central thesis is that (inter-)organizational behavior must be properly conceptualized and analyzed within its relational context. Why, how, and when law firm-corporate client ties dissolve cannot be adequately understood without paying attention to the role of social networks in which they are embedded. Quantitative analyses reveal that ceteris paribus factors that measure relational and structural embeddedness have a significant effect on the probability of market tie dissolution. In addition to empirical contributions, this study also offers broad theoretical implications for the field of new economic sociology.

Determinants of Individual Voting Behavior: The Role of Social Capital, Free-Riding Tendencies and Nationalistic Sentiments

Harris Hyun Soo Kim 이화여자대학교 이화사회과학원 2013 사회과학연구논총 Vol.29 No.2

The aim of this study is to examine some key determinants of formal political participation, namely voting behavior in local and national elections. In analyzing “who participates,” social scientists have increasingly relied on the role of social capital. This study applies two major social capital concepts, i.e., generalized trust and voluntary organizational membership, in investigating the conditions under which people are more likely to cast a ballot during election times. In addition, it introduces two new concepts which have not received systematic attention in the extant scholarship: the level of national pride and free-riding tendencies, which are both hypothesized to affect the probability of individual political involvement. The data come from the Korean subsample of the Asian Barometer Survey (2003), the largest cross-national general social science survey covering Asian countries. Using hierarchical linear modeling, the current research examines simultaneously at individual and contextual (regional) levels how these four main independent variables are associated with the outcome variables (voting in local and national elections). Ceteris paribus, generalized trust increases the likelihood of participation in the national, but not local, election. Organizational membership has no significant effect on both types of voting at the individual level. But, at the regional level, it is negatively associated with voting behavior during times of national election. Nationalism raises the chances of getting involved in the local election only, while free-riding tendency is found to decrease the probability of casting a vote during national elections. These findings suggest that political consequences of social capital are not uniform but contingent upon contextual factors.

Subjective Social Status (SSS) and Mental Health Inequality among South Korean Adults

Harris Hyun-soo Kim 한국사회학회 2018 한국사회학회 심포지움 논문집 Vol.2018 No.5

Of bonding and bridging: Ethnic social capital and contingent employment among immigrant women in Korea

SAGE Publications 2017 ASIAN AND PACIFIC MIGRATION JOURNAL Vol.26 No.2

라오스 도시 · 농촌 지역별 40~59세 주민들의 식행동, 식생활변화 및 식품섭취 비교 연구

김지연(Kim, Ji Yeon),이경옥(Yi, Kyungock),강민아(Kang, Minah),강윤희(Kang, Younhee),이건정(Lee, Gunjeong),김현수(Kim, Harris Hyun-soo),Visanou Hansana,김유리(Kim, Yuri) 한국영양학회 2016 Journal of Nutrition and Health Vol.49 No.2

본 연구는 라오스의 도시와 농촌 지역에 따른 식행동 및 최근의 식생활의 변화와 이에 따른 건강상태의 차이를 알아보고자 하는 목적으로 수행되었으며 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1) 연구 대상자는 라오스의 수도 비엔티안과 교외 농촌지역에 거주하는 성인 40~59세의 979명 (남자 435명, 여자 544명)이었으며, 도시 집단이 농촌 집단에 비해 읽고 쓸 수 있는 비율, 고학력 비율, 가정 내 소유 물품이 많은 비율, 정부기관이나 사 기관에 근무자의 비율이 유의적으로 높게 나타났다. 따라서 경제적 수준은 전반적으로 도시 집단이 농촌 집단에 비해 높은 경향을 보였다. 2) 전반적인 건강의 상태는 도시가 농촌에 비해 몸무게, 허리둘레, 체질량지수, 이완기 고혈압 비율, 알코올 섭취빈도가 유의적으로 높았으며, 농촌은 도시 집단에 비해 흡연율이 유의적으로 높았다. 주관적 건강의 상태는 안 좋다는 비율이 농촌 집단이 유의적으로 높았으며 매우 좋다는 비율은 도시 집단이 유의적으로 높았다. 3) 거주 지역별 남녀의 건강 상태를 비교 시 도시에 거주하는 여성이 도시에 거주하는 남성에 비해 체질량지수와 비만율이 유의적으로 높았으며, 도시에 거주하는 남성에서 수축기 혈압과 이완기 혈압의 평균이 농촌 지역에 거주하는 남성에 비해 유의적으로 컸다. 4) 농촌에서는 하루 세끼 섭취 비율과 아침식사 섭취 횟수가 도시에 비해 유의적으로 높았으며, 도시 지역에서는 외식 횟수가 농촌 지역에 비해 높았다. 또한 주관적인 식사의 평가와 주관적인 식욕의 정도는 도시가 농촌에 비해 ‘poor/fair’ 비율이 농촌 지역에 비해 유의적으로 높았다. 5) 도시에서는 농촌 지역에 비해 최근 삼 년간 식사가 변화한 비율, 외식의 증가 비율, 서양식 식사가 증가한 비율이 유의적으로 높았다. 6) 도시에서는 우유 및 유제품, 단백질 식품, 과일, 튀기거나 볶은 음식, 지방질 많은 고기의 섭취와 다양하고 균형잡힌 식사의 섭취가 농촌 지역에 비해 유의적으로 높게 나타났으며, 농촌에서는 도시 보다 세끼를 규칙적으로 섭취하고 있었다. 7) 각 식품군별 섭취빈도에서 주간 섭취 횟수는 도시가 과일과 우유의 섭취가 농촌에 비해 유의적으로 높았으나, 채소의 섭취는 낮았다. 하루 섭취량은 도시가 과일, 우유의 섭취 양이 농촌에 비해 유의적으로 높았으며, 채소, 육류, 계란의 섭취 양은 낮았다 8) 결론적으로 라오스의 도시는 농촌에 비해 식습관에서 서구화의 영향을 더 받으며 전통적인 식사가 건강하지 않은 서구화된 식사로의 변화가 진행되고 있으며, 이는 비전염성질환을 증가 시키는 위험 요소로 작용 할 수 있다. 또한 도시 지역과 농촌 지역 모두에서 높은 만성질환율을 보이므로 건강한 식행동으로의 변화와 라오스의 만성질환율의 감소 및 예방을 위해 지역의 차이에 따른 차별화된 개별적 맞춤형 영양교육이 필요하다고 사료된다. Purpose: The current study was conducted for evaluation and comparison of dietary behavior and food intake in different regions of Lao PDR. Methods: The survey was conducted on 979 people aged 40~59 years old living in 25 urban provinces and 25 rural provinces in four districts (VTE Capital-Chanthabuly, Xaysetha, VTE Province-Phonhong, and Thoulakhom) of Laos. General demographic information, health status, and dietary behavior were surveyed using a questionnaire. Results: The literacy ratio (p = 0.000), education level (p = 0.000), asset ownership level (p = 0.000), and government and private employee ratio (p = 0.000) were higher in urban subjects compared with rural subjects. The mean value of weight (p = 0.000), waist circumference (p = 0.000), and diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.009) and alcohol consumption (p = 0.000), self-rated health status (p = 0.001), and the rate of obesity (p = 0.000) were significantly higher in urban subjects compared with rural subjects. However, the rate of current smoker was significantly higher in the rural group (p = 0.023). Meals are becoming more westernized by higher frequency of eating out, consumption of fatty meat and fried or stir-fried food in urban areas compared to rural areas. Urban subjects had relatively better balanced meals compared to rural subjects whereas they consumed insufficient meals per day and consumed meals irregularly compared to rural subjects. Intake of fruit and milk was significantly higher in urban subjects compared with rural subjects. However, the intake of vegetables was significantly higher in rural areas than urban areas. Conclusion: The result of this study showed that the traditional Lao diet is being replaced by an unhealthy western dietary pattern, which may be a risk factor for increasing development of non-communicable disease (NCD) in Lao PDR. Planning of proper personalized nutritional intervention and education in each area is needed to decrease the health risks of NCD.

Examining the heterogeneous returns to college education: Findings from population-level data on South Korea

( Yool Choi ),( Harris Hyun-soo Kim ),( Doo Hwan Kim ) 한국사회교과교육학회 2018 한국사회교과교육학회 학술대회지 Vol.2018 No.-

라오스인의 성별, 연령별 대사증후군 변인과 체력과의 관계

이경옥(Yi, Kyung-Ock),강민아(Kang, Min-Ah),이건정(Lee, Gun-Jeong),강윤희(Kang, Youn-Hee),김유리,김현수(Kim, Harris Hyun-Soo),김순금(Kim, Soon-Keum),최유경(Choi, Yoo-Kyung),Alongkone Phengsavanh 한국사회체육학회 2016 한국사회체육학회지 Vol.0 No.64

The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between physical fitness and NCD related variables according to gender, age and residence of Laotians. The research problem were as following, First, is there difference of older man and woman’s health behavior, self-efficacy and loneliness as a function of stage of exercise, sex, partner in older adults? Second, is there difference of older man and woman’s self-efficacy and loneliness as a function of stage of exercise, sex, partner in older adults? The Subjects of this study were randomly selected from twenty-five villages scattered among four districts. One thousand Laotians were selected; single person per family aged between 40 and 59 in rural and as well as urban area. Eventually, this study used 979 people for the statistical analysis. The questions were devised to measure six elements including muscular strength, endurance, cardiovascular endurance, flexibility, agility and power. Independent t-test, Kruskal Wallis, Scheffe(for the post hoc) was used according to sex, age, residence, and BMI level via the Windows SPSS 21.0 package for statistical analysis. Results of this study were as following. Laotians’ overall physical fitness level turned out to be between low to average. Flexibility scored the lowest for average Laotians in the male and female both. For the women, agility and power were lower than male. For the BMI, male of 40s were overweight, female of 40s and 50s were all overweight. For the waist circumference, female of 40s and 50s were all obese. For the WHR, female of 40s and 50s were all obese. For the systolic blood pressure, male and female of 40s and 50s were all pre- hypertension. For the pulse pressure, male and female of 40s and 50s were all high. Obese people had lower cardiovascular endurance, flexibility, agility, and power. Laotians need to do regular exercises to increase physical fitness. This preliminary result will be helpful in developing both physical activity guide line and intervention practice guide line.