P800SO3-PEG: a renal clearable bone-targeted fluorophore for theranostic imaging

Haoran Wang,강호만,Jason Dinh,Shinya Yokomizo,Wesley R. Stiles,Molly Tully,Kevin Cardenas,Surbhi Srinivas,Jason Ingerick,Sung Ahn,Kai Bao,최학수 한국생체재료학회 2022 생체재료학회지 Vol.26 No.4

Background: Due to the deep tissue penetration and reduced scattering, NIR-II fluorescence imaging is advantageous over conventional visible and NIR-I fluorescence imaging for the detection of bone growth, metabolism, metastasis, and other bone-related diseases. Methods: Bone-targeted heptamethine cyanine fluorophores were synthesized by substituting the meso-carbon with a sulfur atom, resulting in a bathochromic shift and increased fluorescence intensity. The physicochemical, optical, and thermal stability of newly synthesized bone-targeted NIR fluorophores was performed in aqueous solvents. Calcium binding, bone-specific targeting, biodistribution, pharmacokinetics, and 2D and 3D NIR imaging were performed in animal models. Results: The newly synthesized S-substituted heptamethine fluorophores demonstrated a high affinity for hydroxyapatite and calcium phosphate, which improved bone-specific targeting with signal-background ratios > 3.5. Particularly, P800SO3-PEG showed minimum nonspecific uptake, and most unbound molecules were excreted into the urinary bladder. Histological analyses demonstrated that P800SO3-PEG remained stable in the bone for over two weeks and was incorporated into bone matrices. Interestingly, the flexible thiol ethylene glycol linker on P800SO3-PEG induced a promising photothermal effect upon NIR laser irradiation, demonstrating potential theranostic imaging. Conclusions: P800SO3-PEG shows a high affinity for bone tissues, deeper tissue imaging capabilities, minimum nonspecific uptake in the major organs, and photothermal effect upon laser irradiation, making it optimal for bonetargeted theranostic imaging.

IL-33 Promotes ST2-Dependent Fibroblast Maturation via P38 and TGF-β in a Mouse Model of Epidural Fibrosis

Wang Haoran,Wu Tao,Hua Feng,Sun Jinpeng,Bai Yunfeng,Wang Weishun,Liu Jun,Zhang Mingshun 한국조직공학과 재생의학회 2022 조직공학과 재생의학 Vol.19 No.3

BACKGROUND: Recent evidence suggests that IL-33, a novel member of the IL-1b family, is involved in organ fibrosis. However, the roles of IL-33 and its receptor ST2 in epidural fibrosis post spine operation remain elusive. METHODS: A mouse model of epidural fibrosis was established after laminectomy. IL-33 in the wound tissues post laminectomy was measured with Western blotting, ELISA and immunoflurosence imaging. The fibroblast cell line NIH- 3T3 and primary fibroblasts were treated with IL-33 and the mechanisms of maturation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts were analyzed. To explore roles of IL-33 and its receptor ST2 in vivo, IL-33 knockout (KO) and ST2 KO mice were employed to construct the model of laminectomy. The epidural fibrosis was evaluated using H&E and Masson staining, western-blotting, ELISA and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: As demonstrated in western blotting and ELISA, IL-33 was increased in epidural wound tissues post laminectomy. The immunoflurosence imaging revealed that endothelial cells (CD31?) and fibroblasts (a-SAM?) were major producers of IL-33 in the epidural wound tissues. In vitro, IL-33 promoted fibroblast maturation, which was blocked by ST2 neutralization antibody, suggesting that IL-33-promoted-fibroblasts maturation was ST2 dependent. Further, IL-33/ ST2 activated MAPK p38 and TGF-b pathways. Either p38 inhibitor or TGF-b inhibitor decreased fibronectin and a-SAM production from IL-33-treated fibroblasts, suggesting that p38 and TGF-b were involved with IL-33/ST2 signal pathways in the fibroblasts maturation. In vivo, IL-33 KO or ST2 KO decreased fibronectin, a-SMA and collagen deposition in the wound tissues of mice that underwent spine surgery. In addition, TGF-b1 was decreased in IL-33 KO or ST2 KO epidural wound tissues. CONCLUSION: In summary, IL-33/ST2 promoted fibroblast differentiation into myofibroblasts via MAPK p38 and TGFb in a mouse model of epidural fibrosis after laminectomy.

From a psychological point of view—Research on Interactive Art of Connecting Somatosensory Interactive Devices

HaoRan Wang,Hyung Gi Kim 중앙대학교 영상콘텐츠융합연구소 2020 TechArt :Journal of Arts and Imaging Science Vol.7 No.1

Mesocarbon microbead densified matrix graphite A3-3 for fuel elements in molten salt reactors

Wang, Haoran,Xu, Liujun,Zhong, Yajuan,Li, Xiaoyun,Tang, Hui,Zhang, Feng,Yang, Xu,Lin, Jun,Zhu, Zhiyong,You, Yan,Lu, Junqiang,Zhu, Libing Korean Nuclear Society 2021 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.53 No.5

This study aims to provide microstructural characterization for the matrix graphite which molten salt reactors (MSRs) use, and improve resistance to molten salt infiltration of the matrix graphite for fuel elements. Mesocarbon microbeads (MCMB) densified matrix graphite A3-3 (MDG) was prepared by a quasi-isostatic pressure process. After densification by MCMBs with average particle sizes of 2, 10, and 16 ㎛, the pore diameter of A3-3 decreased from 924 nm to 484 nm, 532 nm, and 778 nm, respectively. Through scanning electron microscopy, the cross-section energy spectrum and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry, resistance levels of the matrix graphite to molten salt infiltration were analyzed. The results demonstrate that adding a certain proportion of MCMB powders can improve the anti-infiltration ability of A3-3. Meanwhile, the closer the particle size of MCMB is to the pore diameter of A3-3, the smaller the average pore diameter of MDG and the greater the densification. As a matrix graphite of fuel elements in MSR was involved, the thermal and mechanical properties of matrix graphite MDG were also studied. When densified by the MCMB matrix graphite, MDGs can meet the molten salt anti-infiltration requirements for MSR operation.

기업 로고 리디자인이 브랜드 이미지에 미치는 영향 연구 - 자동차 브랜드를 중심으로

HaoRan Wang 사단법인 한국융합기술연구학회 2023 아시아태평양융합연구교류논문지 Vol.9 No.10

세계 경제통합이 추진됨에 따라, 자동차업체들은 시장경쟁에 대응하고 소비자 수요에 부응하기 위해 적극적인 경영전략을 전개하고 있다. 본 연구는 선행 연구를 토대로 브랜드 디자인 요소를 발굴하고 브랜드의 소비 기억을 통해 로고 리디자인의 변화와 발전 및 로고 리디자인이 브랜드에 미치는 혁신과 영향에 대해 분석하고자 한다. 연구 결과, 자동차 브랜드 로고의 리디자인에서 점의 요소는 더 이상 사용되지 않고 있으며, 가장 많이 사용되는 것은 곡선형 선과 면임을 알 수 있었다. 그리고 로고에 가장 많이 사용되는 색상은 검정색과 흰색이고, 스타일링도 가장 기본적인 그래픽을 꾸준히 사용하고 있으며, 갈수록 단순해지고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 현재 자동자 브랜드 로고 리다자인에 가장 인기 있는 플랫 디자인과 단일 색상 디자인을 채택하여 미니멀한 스타일로 모두에게 선보이고 있으며, 이는 주요 브랜드 LOGO의 발전추세이다. 이로써 글로벌 자동차 기업의 디자인은 플랫디자인, 단순하고 임팩트 있는 디자인 추세임을 알 수 있으며, 이러한 변화는 로고 스타일의 변화 뿐만 아니라 전체 업계의 발전상을 나타낸 것으로 현시대 디자인 흐름에 부응하기 위한 것이기도 하다. With the globalization of the global economy, automobile companies are actively promoting their business strategies to cope with market competition and meet consumer demands. This study aims to investigate and summarize the elements of brand design through literature research and case studies, analyzing the changes and developments in brand consumer memory. Additionally, the study also aims to analyze the innovation and impact of logo redesign on brands. The research results show that in the redesign of automobile brand logos, point elements are basically no longer used, and curves and surfaces are the most commonly employed. The most frequently used colors for logos are black and white, and the shapes adhere to the most basic graphics, becoming increasingly simple. The trend for major brand logos is towards popular flat and monochromatic designs, presenting a simplistic style. It can be seen that the adoption of platform design, simplicity, and impactful design by global automobile companies is not only a sign of stylistic change but also an indication of the development of the entire industry. Moreover, in order to better adapt to the development of modern society, this trend also provides new design directions for future logo development. Additionally, an increasing number of new logos completely abandon their previous design styles and embrace the currently popular trend of flat design.

Application of Cine Tracer to Draw Storyboards

HaoRan Wang,Ki Ung Bak 중앙대학교 영상콘텐츠융합연구소 2020 TechArt :Journal of Arts and Imaging Science Vol.7 No.2

Application of amine-loaded activated carbon fiber in CO2 capture and separation

Haoran Liu,Xinmei Lu,Liying Liu,Jian Wang,Pengyu Wang,Peng Gao,Tingsheng Ren,Guo Tian,Di Wang 한국화학공학회 2022 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.39 No.9

The CO2 emitted by coal-fired power plants is the main factor leading to global warming, and the captureof CO2 in the flue gas of power plants is still the main task at this stage. Many adsorbents have been developed to captureCO2 in high-temperature flue gas, but some materials are complicated to synthesize or the cost is too high. Here,we used low-cost raw materials activated carbon fiber and PEI, and used green synthesis to synthesize new adsorbentsin order to capture CO2 in high-temperature flue gas of a power plant. To improve the performance of highly porousactivated carbon fiber (ACF) in CO2 capture and separation, an organic polymer polyethylenimine (PEI) was loadedsuccessfully into the oxidized ACF. The modified adsorbent was tested by FT-IR, XRD and SEM, and the CO2 adsorptioncapacity and CO2/N2 selectivity were analyzed. The results showed that the as-synthesized PEI-modified adsorbenthas a CO2 adsorption capacity of 2.5mmol/g, which is 1.7 times better than that of the pristine ACF adsorbent(1.5mmol/g), at 1 bar and 333 K, and it has excellent CO2/N2 selectivity, as calculated by ideal adsorption solution theory(IAST). These data indicate that PEI was loaded successfully into the oxidized ACF. In addition, the dual site Langmuirisotherm equation and Langmuir isotherm equation can be in good agreement with the adsorption curves ofCO2 and N2. In comparison with other composite adsorbents, the preparation process of the present new adsorbent ishighly environmentally friendly, the synthesis method is simple and the cost is low, which demonstrates potential applicationsin the separation of CO2 from the flue gas of power plants.

CFD simulation of flow and heat transfer characteristics in a 5×5 fuel rod bundles with spacer grids of advanced PWR

Wang Yingjie,Wang Mingjun,Ju Haoran,Zhao Minfu,Zhang Dalin,Tian Wenxi,Liu Tiancai,Qiu Suizheng,Su G.H. 한국원자력학회 2020 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.52 No.7

High fidelity nuclear reactor fuel assembly simulation using CFD method is an effective way for the structure design and optimization. The validated models and user practice guidelines play critical roles in achieving reliable results in CFD simulations. In this paper, the international benchmark MATiS-H is studied carefully and the best user practice guideline is achieved for the rod bundles simulation. Then a 5 5 rod bundles model in the advanced pressurized water reactor (PWR) is established and the detailed three-dimensional thermal-hydraulic characteristics are investigated. The influence of spacer grids and mixing vanes on the flow and hear transfer in rod bundles is revealed. As the coolant flows through the spacer grids and mixing vanes in the rod bundles, the drastic lateral flow would be induced and the pressure drop increases significantly. In addition, the heat transfer is enhanced remarkably due to the strong mixing effects. The calculation results could provide meaningful guidelines for the design of advanced PWR fuel assembly

Numerical Simulation of the Creep Behavior of Beishan Deep Granite Tunnel under the Coupling Thermal -Stress Field

Jiawei Wang,Ju Wang,Zhichao Zhou,Peng Wu,Haoran Sun,Jiale Dou,Nan Li,Xianzhe Duan 대한토목학회 2024 KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering Vol.28 No.4

This study conducts a three-dimensional numerical simulation of the creep behavior of deep granite tunnels at 560 meters underground during the coupled thermal-stress process, with an aim to elucidate the effect of the temperature and stress fields on the creep behavior of these deep hard rock tunnels. A 100-h creep period was set, and the mechanical structure of the experimental chamber was accurately replicated at a 1:1 scale, considering the actual mechanical structure of the granite tunnels in the Beishan underground laboratory. The simulation results can demonstrate that: 1) The maximum stress at 90°C and 50°C are 2.86 and 1.91 times than that at 23°C, respectively, demonstrating significant strain accumulation in the deep granite tunnels at the surface. This phenomenon can primarily be attributed to the thermal stress resulted from the coupling between temperature and stress. 2) The maximum creep at 90°C and 50°C is 16 and 3.5 times than that at 23°C. Under the influence of thermal coupling, the creep increases significantly with increasing temperature, indicating that temperature is an important factor influencing creep in granite. 3) Compared with variations in the stress field, the temperature field emerges as the most critical factor influencing granite creep.

Large eddy simulation on the turbulent mixing phenomena in 3×3 bare tight lattice rod bundle using spectral element method

Ju, Haoran,Wang, Mingjun,Wang, Yingjie,Zhao, Minfu,Tian, Wenxi,Liu, Tiancai,Su, G.H.,Qiu, Suizheng Korean Nuclear Society 2020 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.52 No.9

Subchannel code is one of the effective simulation tools for thermal-hydraulic analysis in nuclear reactor core. In order to reduce the computational cost and improve the calculation efficiency, empirical correlation of turbulent mixing coefficient is employed to calculate the lateral mixing velocity between adjacent subchannels. However, correlations utilized currently are often fitted from data achieved in central channel of fuel assembly, which would simply neglect the wall effects. In this paper, the CFD approach based on spectral element method is employed to predict turbulent mixing phenomena through gaps in 3 × 3 bare tight lattice rod bundle and investigate the flow pulsation through gaps in different positions. Re = 5000,10000,20500 and P/D = 1.03 and 1.06 have been covered in the simulation cases. With a well verified mesh, lateral velocities at gap center between corner channel and wall channel (W-Co), wall channel and wall channel (W-W), wall channel and center channel (W-C) as well as center channel and center channel (C-C) are collected and compared with each other. The obvious turbulent mixing distributions are presented in the different channels of rod bundle. The peak frequency values at W-Co channel could have about 40%-50% reduction comparing with the C-C channel value and the turbulent mixing coefficient β could decrease around 25%. corrections for β should be performed in subchannel code at wall channel and corner channel for a reasonable prediction result. A preliminary analysis on fluctuation at channel gap has also performed. Eddy cascade should be considered carefully in detailed analysis for fluctuating in rod bundle.