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RISS 인기검색어
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- 저자 : Hammad Khan (검색결과 6 건)
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Long-term efficient deammonification operation with PVA/alginate carrier modified by foaming agent
Khan, M. Hammad,Choi, Daehee,Cho, Kyungjin,Jung, Jinyoung Elsevier 2018 International biodeterioration & biodegradation Vol.129 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>This study investigated long-term deammonification operation, of 400 days, utilizing PVA/alginate carriers prepared with the addition of foaming agent (FA) adjusted from 0 to 1.2% (F-0 to F-1.2). FTIR spectra showed variations in the extent of crosslinking in the surface and the core areas of carriers. FA addition improved the already low crosslinking in the core areas and porosity in the surface areas, yielding higher endurance to internally produced gas. In the start-up period of continuous test, FA addition favored deammonification bacteria over denitrifiers. Increasing the FA decreased the extent and duration of heterotrophic denitrification that was superseded by deammonification after 30 d of operation. After 100 d, F-0.6 had the highest deammonification to denitrification ratio and gave a nitrogen removal rate (NRR) of 3.2 kg N.m<SUP>−3</SUP>.d<SUP>−1</SUP> at 317 d of operation. Also, the 16S rRNA gene concentration of the deammonification bacteria was highest in F-0.6, which corresponded with the specific anammox activity (SAA) results. Overall, the improved PVA/alginate carriers gave higher SAA and deammonification bacteria concentration resulting in a stable long-term deammonification operation with high NRR.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Tested the long-term deammonification operation with FA added PVA/Alginate carriers. </LI> <LI> FA addition improved porosity in surface and crosslinking in core areas of carriers. </LI> <LI> In startup, 0.6% FA favored deammonification bacteria over denitrifying bacteria. </LI> <LI> 0.6% FA retained maximum deammonification bacteria and gave the highest activity. </LI> <LI> 0.6% FA gave maximum nitrogen removal rate over an operation of 400 days. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
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Outcome of 980 nm diode laser vaporization for benign prostatic hyperplasia: A prospective study
M. Hammad Mithani,Salman El Khalid,Shariq Anis Khan,Imran Sharif,Adnan Siddiq Awan,Shoaib Mithani,Irfan Majeed 대한비뇨의학회 2018 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.59 No.6
Purpose: To evaluate the initial experience and outcome of photo-selective vaporization of the prostate (PVP) for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in Pakistan with the use of a 980 nm diode laser. Materials and Methods: A prospective study was performed from November 2016 to December 2017. A total of 100 patients diagnosed with bladder outlet obstruction secondary to BPH who planned for PVP were enrolled in the study. PVP was carried out with a diode laser at 980 nm (Biolitec Diode 180W laser) in a continuous wave with a 600 nm (twister) fiber. Baseline characteristics and perioperative data were compared. Postoperative outcomes were evaluated by International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), post void residual (PVR) and maximum urinary flow rate (Qmax) at 3 and 6 months after surgery. Results: The mean age was 65.82±10.42, mean prostate size was 67.35±16.42, operative time was 55.85±18.01 and total energy was 198.68±49.12 kJ. At 3 months and 6 months, significant improvements were noted (p<0.001) in IPSS 7.04±1.69 (−18.92), Qmax 19.22±4.75 mL/s (+13.09) and and PVR 18.89±5.39 mL (−112.80). Most frequent problems were burning micturition (35%) and terminal dysuria (29%). No significant difference in postoperative hemoglobin was seen in patients who were on anti-platelet drugs. Conclusions: PVP with a diode laser is a safe and effective procedure for the treatment of BPH and is also safe in patients who are on anti-platelet agents.
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A Combination of DWT CLAHE and Wiener Filter for Efective Scene to Text Conversion and Pronunciation
Saeed Mian Qaisar,Noofa Hammad,Raviha Khan 대한전기학회 2020 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.15 No.4
An efective scene to text conversion and its pronunciation is realized. An intelligent combination of Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT), Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization (CLAHE), Wiener flter and adaptive weighted average is utilized for the image enhancement. Subsequently, the Maximally Stable Extremal Region (MSER) is used to detect the text regions. Afterward, the geometrical and contour based approaches flter out the non-text MSERs. The connected component concept is used to group the text candidates. In next step the Optical Character Recognition (OCR) recognizes the text. The Microsoft speech to text synthesizer pronounces the extracted text. The system applicability is tested by using the standard robust reading competition dataset. The designed method secures 93% precision in text segmentation and 89.9% precision in end-to-end recognition.
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암모니아 폐수의 부분아질산화에서 최적 운전 pH의 변동
배우근(Woo Keun Bae),Hammad Khan 大韓環境工學會 2016 대한환경공학회지 Vol.38 No.5
아질산화 반응을 통한 nitrite 축적은 단축질소제거 혹은 anammox 공정 수립을 위해 필수적이고 이 반응의 속도가 전체 질소제거공정의 효율에 큰 영향을 미칠 수 있다. 본 연구는 부유 미생물 연속류 반응기에서 pH 농도가 암모니아 폐수(2,000 mgN/L) 처리에 주는 복잡하고 다양한 영향 들을 modeling과 실험을 통해 종합적으로 분석하였다. modeling 연구 결과 반응의 안정성(stability)은 pH에 의해 지대한 영향을 받으며, free ammonia 저해가 심해지는 알칼리성 환경일수록 안정적 운전 영역(stable region)은 축소되었다. 기질과 pH의 좌표 상에서 stable region과 unstable region을 가르는 경계(stability ridge) 근처에서 안정적인 최대반응속도를 얻을 수 있고, 이 운전조건에서 아질산 축적 가능성도 최대가 되었다. stability ridge 근처의 조건에서 반응기를 운전한 결과 아질산화속도는 안정적으로 약 6 kgN/m3-d까지 얻을 수 있었고, 아질산축적율은 약 99% 이었다. 그러나 unstable region에서는 부하증가를 통한 반복된 교란 결과 유출수 암모니아 농도가 회복 불가능한 상태로 상승하였다. Modeling 결과 고유(intrinsic) 최적 pH 값을 고정하여도 실험에서 관찰되는 최적 운전 pH는 사용 기질의 농도가 높을수록 낮아지는 것으로 나타났으며, 이는 문헌에서 보고된 경향과 일치 하였다. 본 연구의 modeling 조건에서 95% 아질산화(5%는 암모니아로 잔존)를 위한 최적 운전 pH는 ~8.0인 것으로 예측되었으나, anammox 유입수 생산을 위해 55% 아질산화하려 할 때의 최적 운전 pH는 ~7.2로 낮아 졌다. Nitrite accumulation is essential for constructing an anammox process. As the pH in the reactor exerts a complicated and strong influence on the reaction rate, we investigated its effects upon treatment of an ammonic wastewater (2,000 mgN/L) through modeling and experiment. The modeling results indicated that the reaction stability is strongly affected by pH, which results in a severe reduction of the ‘stable region’ of operation under alkaline environments. On a coordinate of the total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) concentration vs. pH, the maximal stable reaction rates and the maximal nitrite accumulation potentials could be found on the ‘stability ridge’ that separates the stable region from the unstable region. We achieved a stable and high ammonia oxidation rate (~6 kgN/m3-d) with a nitrite accumulation ratio of ~99% when operated near the ‘stability ridge’. The optimum pH that can be observed in experiments varies with the TAN concentrations utilized, although the intrinsic optimum pH is fixed. The direction of change is that the optimum operational pH falls as the TAN concentration increases, which is in excellent accordance with the observations in the literature. The optimum operational pH for 95% nitritation was predicted to be ~8.0, whereas it was ~7.2 for 55% partial nitritation to produce an anammox feed in our experimental conditions.
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