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Long-term efficient deammonification operation with PVA/alginate carrier modified by foaming agent
Khan, M. Hammad,Choi, Daehee,Cho, Kyungjin,Jung, Jinyoung Elsevier 2018 International biodeterioration & biodegradation Vol.129 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>This study investigated long-term deammonification operation, of 400 days, utilizing PVA/alginate carriers prepared with the addition of foaming agent (FA) adjusted from 0 to 1.2% (F-0 to F-1.2). FTIR spectra showed variations in the extent of crosslinking in the surface and the core areas of carriers. FA addition improved the already low crosslinking in the core areas and porosity in the surface areas, yielding higher endurance to internally produced gas. In the start-up period of continuous test, FA addition favored deammonification bacteria over denitrifiers. Increasing the FA decreased the extent and duration of heterotrophic denitrification that was superseded by deammonification after 30 d of operation. After 100 d, F-0.6 had the highest deammonification to denitrification ratio and gave a nitrogen removal rate (NRR) of 3.2 kg N.m<SUP>−3</SUP>.d<SUP>−1</SUP> at 317 d of operation. Also, the 16S rRNA gene concentration of the deammonification bacteria was highest in F-0.6, which corresponded with the specific anammox activity (SAA) results. Overall, the improved PVA/alginate carriers gave higher SAA and deammonification bacteria concentration resulting in a stable long-term deammonification operation with high NRR.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Tested the long-term deammonification operation with FA added PVA/Alginate carriers. </LI> <LI> FA addition improved porosity in surface and crosslinking in core areas of carriers. </LI> <LI> In startup, 0.6% FA favored deammonification bacteria over denitrifying bacteria. </LI> <LI> 0.6% FA retained maximum deammonification bacteria and gave the highest activity. </LI> <LI> 0.6% FA gave maximum nitrogen removal rate over an operation of 400 days. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
Outcome of 980 nm diode laser vaporization for benign prostatic hyperplasia: A prospective study
M. Hammad Mithani,Salman El Khalid,Shariq Anis Khan,Imran Sharif,Adnan Siddiq Awan,Shoaib Mithani,Irfan Majeed 대한비뇨의학회 2018 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.59 No.6
Purpose: To evaluate the initial experience and outcome of photo-selective vaporization of the prostate (PVP) for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in Pakistan with the use of a 980 nm diode laser. Materials and Methods: A prospective study was performed from November 2016 to December 2017. A total of 100 patients diagnosed with bladder outlet obstruction secondary to BPH who planned for PVP were enrolled in the study. PVP was carried out with a diode laser at 980 nm (Biolitec Diode 180W laser) in a continuous wave with a 600 nm (twister) fiber. Baseline characteristics and perioperative data were compared. Postoperative outcomes were evaluated by International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), post void residual (PVR) and maximum urinary flow rate (Qmax) at 3 and 6 months after surgery. Results: The mean age was 65.82±10.42, mean prostate size was 67.35±16.42, operative time was 55.85±18.01 and total energy was 198.68±49.12 kJ. At 3 months and 6 months, significant improvements were noted (p<0.001) in IPSS 7.04±1.69 (−18.92), Qmax 19.22±4.75 mL/s (+13.09) and and PVR 18.89±5.39 mL (−112.80). Most frequent problems were burning micturition (35%) and terminal dysuria (29%). No significant difference in postoperative hemoglobin was seen in patients who were on anti-platelet drugs. Conclusions: PVP with a diode laser is a safe and effective procedure for the treatment of BPH and is also safe in patients who are on anti-platelet agents.