Diels-Alder and Stille Coupling Approach for the Short Protecting-Group-Free Synthesis of Mycophenolic Acid, Its Phenylsulfenyl and Phenylselenyl Analogues, and Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Probing Capacity in Water

Halle, Mahesh B.,Yudhistira, Tesla,Lee, Woo-Hyun,Mulay, Sandip V.,Churchill, David G. THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2018 ORGANIC LETTERS Vol.20 No.12

<P>A short, protecting-group-free synthesis is achieved. The synthesis is step-efficient and general. A Diels-Alder and Stille cross-coupling approach includes key transformations, allowing for a competitive synthesis which involves a rare halophenol Stille cross-coupling study. The phenylselenyl and phenylsulfenyl analogues were prepared as novel compounds in good overall yield. The applicability of one of the intermediates as a potential probe for reactive oxygen species (ROS) in water is investigated.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>

An unusual finding of the pectoralis major muscle: decussation of sternal fibers across the midline

Halle Burley,Georgi P. Georgiev,Joe Iwanaga,Aaron S. Dumont,R. Shane Tubbs 대한해부학회 2020 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.53 No.4

Variations of the pectoralis major muscle are commonly seen. However, during the routine dissection of an adult male cadaver, an apparently uncommon muscular variant was identified. In this cadaver, the sternal heads of the left and right pectoralis muscles crossed the midline and interdigitated with one another. In addition, the clavicular heads of both pectoralis major muscles were separated from the remaining parts of the muscles. Such anatomical variants such be kept in mind by clinicians and surgeons during patient evaluation and treatment.

Access to Essential Medicine as Part of the Right to Health in Africa: Access to Essential Medicine Under International Human Rights Law, the Case of Kenya and South Africa

Edward Halle 이화여자대학교 생명의료법연구소 2018 Asia Pacific Journal of Health Law & Ethics Vol.11 No.3

Access to health is a right under international human rights law. Since access to essential medicine is a core component of health, access to essential medicine should therefore be considered equally as a right. Essential medicine offers a cost-effective solution to many health problems in Africa; however, its access constitutes a major problem plaguing the continent. While many strategies have been unsuccessful over the years to solve this problem, African countries like Kenya and South Africa are increasingly applying a human rights-based approach in increasing access to essential medicine. This approach has increased access of essential medicine to the population, most of whom are poor, increased accountability of states toward their international obligations, and empowered the population to take action to assert this right against the state.

Integrating SARA Assessment with Reading Comprehension Training in AutoTutor

Smith E. Halle,Hollander John,Graesser Art C.,Sabatini John,Hu Xiangen 한국영어교육학회 2021 ENGLISH TEACHING(영어교육) Vol.76 No.-

Facing the demands of the pandemic and distance learning, English learners require educational technologies that are accessible, engaging, and effective. Meeting these demands requires educational technology developers to consider learners’ sociocultural contexts. Learning theories can be applied to meet individuals’ needs to optimize chances for participation, engagement, and learning gains. This article describes two Internet-based digital technologies that target struggling adult readers who need to improve their comprehension skills: SARA (Study Aid and Reading Assessment) and AutoTutor for Adult Reading Comprehension. The SARA assessment provides a diagnostic profile for individuals’ reading strengths and weaknesses. This profile can be used to guide the selection of reading comprehension lessons in AutoTutor-ARC, a digital technology that both adapts to learners’ performances and engages them in an immersive learning experience using a three-way conversation with computer agents acting as a tutor and a peer to discuss texts. We discuss how these technologies can be integrated into educational settings to improve engagement and learning.

Rethinking maternal health

Ernestine Mefor HALLE 이화여자대학교 아시아여성학센터 2018 이화여자대학교 아시아여성학센터 학술대회자료집 Vol.2018 No.1

The rise in maternal mortality in Cameroon is due to shortage of quality health care as well as prenatal visits and inadequate clinical provisions. Mothers regularly depend on traditional birth attendants to give birth at home. Mothers who do not have funds for transport usually trek for long hours to get to health facilities. Ironically, these mothers are not likely to have consistent prenatal checkups. In this paper, I have tried to elucidate the cause of maternal mortality in Cameroon. In order to improve the health care service in Cameroon, a fee-based scheme was enforced. Nevertheless, many professionals blame the scheme for the upswing of deaths for those unable to pay for treatment. Policy choices in Cameroon are in response to evolving problems or emergency instead of the use of precautionary measures. This has contributed to its slow advancement in achieving Sustainable Development Goals 3. Furthermore, I have suggested that for maternal mortality to diminish in Cameroon emphasis should be laid on other causes of death including health matters especially for women of childbearing age.

Fulvic acid-mediated phototransformation of mecoprop. A pH-dependent reaction

Halladja, Sabrina,Halle, Alexandra Ter,Pilichowski, Jean-Francois,Boulkamh, Abdelaziz,Richard, Claire Korean Society of Photoscience 2009 Photochemical & photobiological sciences Vol.8 No.7

Elliott soil fulvic acid sensitized the phototransformation of mecoprop in aqueous medium. The reaction was selective, leading to the main formation of 4-chloro-2-methylphenol in aerated and in deoxygenated neutral solution. In turn, 4-chloro-2-methylphenol underwent a fulvic acid-mediated phototransformation. A pH decrease from 8 to 2.2 led to an increase of the rate of mecoprop loss by a factor of 10. The roles of hydroxyl radicals, fulvic triplets and singlet oxygen were investigated using the scavenging technique. At pH 6.5 where mecoprop was in the anionic form, triplet excited states and hydroxyl radicals were the main oxidant species contributing to $40{\pm}10%$ and $20{\pm}5%$ of the reaction, respectively. At pH 2.2 where mecoprop was protonated, fulvic triplets and hydroxyl radicals contributed to $75{\pm}10%$ and $16{\pm}5%$, respectively. The enhancement of the reaction upon acidification might result from two phenomena tending to the same effect: (i) the capacity of protonated MCP to reach intra-humic microdomains and there interact with reactive species, and (ii) a greater photosensitizing property of FA in acidic medium.

Communication Systems via Chaos Synchronization

Makoto Itoh,Hiroyuki Murakami,K. Sean Halle,Leon O. Chua 대한전자공학회 1993 JTC-CSCC : Joint Technical Conference on Circuits Vol.- No.-

Review of Types, Properties, and Importance of Ferrous Based Shape Memory Alloys

Rahman, Rana Atta Ur,Juhre, Daniel,Halle, Thorsten Materials Research Society of Korea 2018 한국재료학회지 Vol.28 No.7

Shape memory alloys(SMAs) have revolutionized the material engineering sciences as they exhibit exclusive features i.e. shape memory effect(SME) and super-elasticity. SMAs are those alloys that when deform return to their predeformed shape upon heating, they also restore their original shape by removing the load. Research on properties of newly advent of several types of ferrous based shape memory alloys(Fe-SMAs), shows that they have immense potential to be the counterpart of Nitinol(NiTi-SMA). These Fe-SMAs have been used and found to be effective because of their low cost, high cold workability, good weldability & excellent characteristics comparing with Nitinol(high processing cost and low cold workability) SMAs. Some of the Fe-SMAs show super-elasticity. Fe-SMAs, especially Fe-Mn-Si alloys have an immense potential for civil engineering structures because of its unique properties e.g. two-way shape memory effect, super elasticity and shape memory effect as well as due to its low cost, high elastic stiffness and wide transformation hysteresis comparative to Nitinol. Further research is being conducted on SMAs to improve and impinge better attributes by improving the material compositions, quantifying the SMA phase transition temperature etc. In this research pre-existing Fe-SMAs are categorised and collected in a tabulated form. An analysis is performed that which category is mostly available. Last 50 years data of Fe-SMA publications and US Patents is collected to show its importance in terms of increasing research on such type of alloys to invent different compositions and applications. This data is analysed as per different year groups during last 50 years and it was analysed as per whether the keywords exist in title of an article or anywhere in the article. It was found that different keywords related to Fe-SMAs/categories of Fe-SMAs, almost don't exist in the title of articles. However, these keywords related to Fe-SMAs/categories of Fe-SMAs, exist inside the article but still there are not too many publications related to Fe-SMAs/categories of Fe-SMAs.

濟州島 人工草地 植生의 經時的 變化에 관한 硏究 : 草種의 李節 및 年次的 變化 The Seasonal and Annual Changes in Species

金翰琳,趙南棋,宋昌吉 제주대학교 1981 논문집 Vol.13 No.-

本 硏究는 濟州道 改良牧草地에 있어서 草種組成의 季節 및 年次的 變動狀態를 調査한 結果이며 그 槪要는 다음과 같다. 1. 改良年度別 草種의 變動狀態는 1975年 草地에서 37種이었으나 年數가 經過함에 따라 種數가 增加되어 1980年 草地에서는 130種이었으며 每年 季節에 따르는 種의 數는 夏期에 가장 많았고 春期에는 種의 分布가 가장 적었다. 2. 改良年度別 生育型의 分布變動狀態는 1975年 草地에서 一年生 12種, 多年生 25種, 木本 1種이었으나,年數가 지남에 따라 每年 增加되어 1980年 草地에서는 一年生 42種, 多年生 88種, 木本 5種이었으며, 每年 季節에 따르는 生育型에 있어서는 一年生은 秋期에서, 多年生은 夏期에서 가장 많은 種이 分布되었고 木本雜草는 季節에 變化가 없었다. This study was conducted to investigate the seasonal and annual changes in species on the impoved pastures in Cheju Island. The results are as follows : 1. The annual changes in the number of intruding weed species were obsered. 33 weed species were found in 1975 and increased year after year to 127 species in 1980. The seasonal changes of species by year were also observed. In summer more species ranged than in any other seasons and the number of species growing in spring was found fewer than in other seasons. 2. The distributional changes in annual and perenial plant were brough on. 10 species of annual plant, 23 species of perennial plant, and one species of arbor were found in 1975 and increased respectively year by year to 44 species (annual plant), 86 species(perennial plant) and 5 species (arbor) in 1980. The seasonal changes in ecology by year showed a tendency that more species of annual plant ranged in autumn, and more perennial plants in summer than in any other season. But there is no change in the species of arbor.

Thermal Insulation of Protective Clothing Materials in Extreme Cold Conditions

Zemzem Mohamed,Hallé Stéphane,Vinches Ludwig 한국산업안전보건공단 산업안전보건연구원 2023 Safety and health at work Vol.14 No.1

Background: Thermophysiological comfort in a cold environment is mainly ensured by clothing. However, the thermal performance and protective abilities of textile fabrics may be sensitive to extreme environmental conditions. This article evaluated the thermal insulation properties of three technical textile assemblies and determined the influence of environmental parameters (temperature, humidity, and wind speed) on their insulation capacity. Methods: Thermal insulation capacity and air permeability of the assemblies were determined experimentally. A sweating-guarded hotplate apparatus, commonly called the “skinmodel,” based on International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 11092 standard and simulating the heat transfer from the body surface to the environment through clothing material, was adopted for the thermal resistance measurements. Results: It was found that the assemblies lost about 85% of their thermal insulation with increasing wind speed from 0 to 16 km/h. Under certain conditions, values approaching 1 clo have been measured. On the other hand, the results showed that temperature variation in the range (40C, 30C), as well as humidity ratio changes (5 g/kg, 20 g/kg), had a limited influence on the thermal insulation of the studied assemblies. Conclusion: The present study showed that the most important variable impacting the thermal performance and protective abilities of textile fabrics is the wind speed, a parameter not taken into account by ISO 11092.