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How the DOHA Round Could Support the African Industry?
Hakim Ben Hammouda,Stephen Karingi,Nassim Oulmane,Mustapha Sandi Jallab 중앙대학교 경제연구소 2007 Journal of Economic Development Vol.32 No.1
This study provides a quantitative evaluation of the Doha Round in terms of the market access for industrial products and the possible consequences of the trade liberalization process. It analyzes the impact of the reforms put forward by the July Package concluded in Geneva. The tariff reduction scenarios under review fit in with the commitments undertaken in the July Package. All four scenarios reviewed are based on a Girard formula. The first, third and fourth scenarios are ambitious, whereas the second is more conservative. Scenarios 1, 3 and 4 differ in the way they factor in special and differential (S&D) treatment. In terms of impact, the simulations show that a liberalization scenario based on an ambitious, non-linear Girard formula would be a less desirable alternative for Africa. It would allow for increases in the welfare and production of the African countries but would not boost African exports.
A Review on Remote Sensing and GIS Applications to Monitor Natural Disasters in Indonesia
Hakim, Wahyu Luqmanul,Lee, Chang-Wook The Korean Society of Remote Sensing 2020 大韓遠隔探査學會誌 Vol.36 No.6
Indonesia is more prone to natural disasters due to its geological condition under the three main plates, making Indonesia experience frequent seismic activity, causing earthquakes, volcanic eruption, and tsunami. Those disasters could lead to other disasters such as landslides, floods, land subsidence, and coastal inundation. Monitoring those disasters could be essential to predict and prevent damage to the environment. We reviewed the application of remote sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS) for detecting natural disasters in the case of Indonesia, based on 43 articles. The remote sensing and GIS method will be focused on InSAR techniques, image classification, and susceptibility mapping. InSAR method has been used to monitor natural disasters affecting the deformation of the earth's surface in Indonesia, such as earthquakes, volcanic activity, and land subsidence. Monitoring landslides in Indonesia using InSAR techniques has not been found in many studies; hence it is crucial to monitor the unstable slope that leads to a landslide. Image classification techniques have been used to monitor pre-and post-natural disasters in Indonesia, such as earthquakes, tsunami, forest fires, and volcano eruptions. It has a lack of studies about the classification of flood damage in Indonesia. However, flood mapping was found in susceptibility maps, as many studies about the landslide susceptibility map in Indonesia have been conducted. However, a land subsidence susceptibility map was the one subject to be studied more to decrease land subsidence damage, considering many reported cases found about land subsidence frequently occur in several cities in Indonesia.
Seismic performance of high strength reinforced concrete columns
Hakim Bechtoula,Susumu Kono,Fumio Watanabe 국제구조공학회 2009 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.31 No.6
This paper summarizes an experimental and analytical study on the seismic behavior of high strength reinforced concrete columns under cyclic loading. In total six cantilever columns with different sizes and concrete compressive strengths were tested. Three columns, small size, had a 325 × 325 ㎜ cross section and the three other columns, medium size, were 520 × 520 ㎜. Concrete compressive strength was 80, 130 and 180 MPa. All specimens were designed in accordance with the Japanese design guidelines. The tests demonstrated that, for specimens made of 180 MPa concrete compressive strength, spalling of cover concrete was very brittle followed by a significant decrease in strength. Curvature was much important for the small size than for the medium size columns. Concrete compressive strength had no effect on the curvature distribution for a drift varying between .2% and +2%. However, it had an effect on the drift corresponding to the peak moment and on the equivalent viscous damping variation. Simple equations are proposed for 1) evaluating the concrete Young’s modulus for high strength concrete and for 2) evaluating the moment-drift envelope curves for the medium size columns knowing that of the small size columns. Experimental moment-drift and axial strain-drift histories were well predicted using a fiber model developed by the authors.
Hakim Arif R.,Wang Shan-Tair,Widiantoro Fransiskus X.,Hannan Mujib,Wang Chi-Jane,Fetzer Suzan J. 한국간호과학회 2020 Asian Nursing Research Vol.14 No.5
Purposes: The study aimed to translate the Exercise Self-Efficacy Scale (ESES) into Indonesian and test the cultural equivalence, reliability, and validity of the new version for university students. Methods: The cross-sectional study recruited 379 Indonesian university students using convenience sampling. Phase 1, a culturally appropriate version of the ESES was developed in the Indonesian language. Phase 2, the psychometric properties were determined through exploratory factor analysis, bootstrap factor analysis, and confirmatory factor analysis. The internal consistency reliability was tested using Cronbach's a, whereas the stability using intraclass correlation coefficient to assess. Results: The students' ages ranged from 17 to 39 years, and 65.0% were women. For translation equivalence, the mean item content validity indexes ranged from 3.5 to 4, and all items were understandable. The 16-item scale exhibited cross-cultural appropriateness and readability, with a three-factor model explaining 62.3% of the variance in exercise self-efficacy. A bootstrap analysis using 100 resamples further confirmed the three-factor model. The indices of the good-fit model that used the three-factor by two-stage least squares method were satisfactory, with c2/df ¼ 3.3, goodness of fit index = .88, and root mean-square error of approximation = .05 (p < .001). The Cronbach's a was .78, .80, and .92 for factors 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The test–retest reliability was demonstrated with an intraclass correlation coefficient of .91, indicating adequate measurement stability. Conclusion: The 16-item ESES-I has acceptable validity and reliability; however, a broader application of the scale requires further testing in different populations to confirm its external validity.
Modal parameters based structural damage detection using artificial neural networks - a review
Hakim, S.J.S.,Razak, H. Abdul Techno-Press 2014 Smart Structures and Systems, An International Jou Vol.14 No.2
One of the most important requirements in the evaluation of existing structural systems and ensuring a safe performance during their service life is damage assessment. Damage can be defined as a weakening of the structure that adversely affects its current or future performance which may cause undesirable displacements, stresses or vibrations to the structure. The mass and stiffness of a structure will change due to the damage, which in turn changes the measured dynamic response of the system. Damage detection can increase safety, reduce maintenance costs and increase serviceability of the structures. Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) are simplified models of the human brain and evolved as one of the most useful mathematical concepts used in almost all branches of science and engineering. ANNs have been applied increasingly due to its powerful computational and excellent pattern recognition ability for detecting damage in structural engineering. This paper presents and reviews the technical literature for past two decades on structural damage detection using ANNs with modal parameters such as natural frequencies and mode shapes as inputs.
Hakim Zaynidinov,Eeljin Chae,Olim Hidayov 한국멀티미디어학회 2008 한국멀티미디어학회 국제학술대회 Vol.2008 No.-
The spline is a high-efficiency computing structure for restoration of signals by methods. Spline-functions are offered and results of animation of functioning of the offered device are resulted. The animation devices work to allows evidently interrelation and interaction of its separate units. A degree of paralleling calculations function dependents on restoration. The advantage of this paper is that we comprise the basic spline with classical polynomials both on accuracy, as well as degree of paralleling calculations are also shows.