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Gastroesophageal Reflux Affects Sleep Quality in Snoring Obese Children
Machado, Rodrigo Strehl,Woodley, Frederick W,Skaggs, Beth,Lorenzo, Carlo Di,Eneli, Ihuoma,Splaingard, Mark,Mousa, Hayat The Korean Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology 2016 Pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology & nutrition Vol.19 No.1
Purpose: This study was performed to evaluate the quality of sleep in snoring obese children without obstructive sleep apnea (OSA); and to study the possible relationship between sleep interruption and gastroesophageal reflux (GER) in snoring obese children. Methods: Study subjects included 13 snoring obese children who were referred to our sleep lab for possible sleep-disordered breathing. Patients underwent multichannel intraluminal impedance and esophageal pH monitoring with simultaneous polysomnography. Exclusion criteria included history of fundoplication, cystic fibrosis, and infants under the age of 2 years. Significant association between arousals and awakenings with previous reflux were defined by symptom-association probability using 2-minute intervals. Results: Sleep efficiency ranged from 67-97% (median 81%). A total of 111 reflux episodes (90% acidic) were detected during sleep, but there were more episodes per hour during awake periods after sleep onset than during sleep (median 2.3 vs. 0.6, p=0.04). There were 279 total awakenings during the sleep study; 56 (20.1%) of them in 9 patients (69.2%) were preceded by reflux episodes (55 acid, 1 non-acid). In 5 patients (38.5%), awakenings were significantly associated with reflux. Conclusion: The data suggest that acid GER causes sleep interruptions in obese children who have symptoms of snoring or restless sleep and without evidence of OSA.
Gastroesophageal Reflux Affects Sleep Quality in Snoring Obese Children
Rodrigo Strehl Machado,Frederick W Woodley,Beth Skaggs,Carlo Di Lorenzo,Ihuoma Eneli,Mark Splaingard,Hayat Mousa 대한소아소화기영양학회 2016 Pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology & nutrition Vol.19 No.1
Purpose: This study was performed to evaluate the quality of sleep in snoring obese children without obstructive sleep apnea (OSA); and to study the possible relationship between sleep interruption and gastroesophageal reflux (GER) in snoring obese children.Methods: Study subjects included 13 snoring obese children who were referred to our sleep lab for possible sleep-dis-ordered breathing. Patients underwent multichannel intraluminal impedance and esophageal pH monitoring with simultaneous polysomnography. Exclusion criteria included history of fundoplication, cystic fibrosis, and infants un-der the age of 2 years. Significant association between arousals and awakenings with previous reflux were defined by symptom-association probability using 2-minute intervals.Results: Sleep efficiency ranged from 67-97% (median 81%). A total of 111 reflux episodes (90% acidic) were de-tected during sleep, but there were more episodes per hour during awake periods after sleep onset than during sleep (median 2.3 vs. 0.6, p=0.04). There were 279 total awakenings during the sleep study; 56 (20.1%) of them in 9 patients (69.2%) were preceded by reflux episodes (55 acid, 1 non-acid). In 5 patients (38.5%), awakenings were significantly associated with reflux.Conclusion: The data suggest that acid GER causes sleep interruptions in obese children who have symptoms of snoring or restless sleep and without evidence of OSA.
Enes Gok,John C. Weidman 서울대학교 교육연구소 2015 Asia Pacific Education Review Vol.16 No.3
This article explored the contribution of Asia Pacific Education Review (APER) to expanding the scope of research on comparative and international education in Asia. We developed a rubric based on extensive studies (Rust et al. in Comp Educ Rev, 43(1):86–109, 1999; Foster et al. in Int J Educ Dev 32:711–732, 2012) of research in the field to compare three highly ranked journals in the field of comparative and international education (Comparative Education, Comparative Education Review, and International Journal of Educational Development) with the fledgling APER on the content of the articles they published between 2006 and 2010. Results were also compared with sources included in the 2011, 2012, and 2013 bibliographies prepared for the Comparative Education Review. The study highlights publication patterns of these journals, focusing on methodology, education level, region, and topics. Findings suggest that these journals, while sharing some things in common, also show distinct patterns, suggesting questions about the extent to which distinctively Asian topics and approaches are fully represented.
Jung, Ene Jin,Park, Byung Ho,Lee, Yong Rok Royal Society of Chemistry 2010 GREEN CHEMISTRY Vol.12 No.11
<P>In water medium, environmentally benign, facile, and efficient synthesis of pyrans was achieved in good yields by the reactions of a variety of cyclic 1,3-dicarbonyls with several α,β-unsaturated aldehydes. The key strategy was a formal [3+3] cycloaddition by domino Knoevenagel/6π- electrocyclization. This methodology was applied to the synthesis of biologically interesting pyranocoumarin, pyranoquinolinone, and pyranonaphthoquinone derivatives along with selected natural and non-natural products.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>In water medium, environmentally benign, facile, and efficient synthesis of pyrans was achieved in good yields by the reactions of a variety of cyclic 1,3-dicarbonyls with several α,β-unsaturated aldehydes. The key strategy was a formal [3+3] cycloaddition by domino Knoevenagel/6π-electrocyclization. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c0gc00265h'> </P>
유현용,Enes Battal,Ali Kemal Okyay,Jaewoo Shim,박진홍,백정우,Krishna C. Saraswat 한국물리학회 2013 Current Applied Physics Vol.13 No.6
We investigate phosphorus in-situ doping characteristics in germanium (Ge) during epitaxial growth by spreading resistance profiling analysis. In addition, we present an accurate model for the kinetics of the diffusion in the in-situ process, modeling combined growth and diffusion events. The activation energy and pre-exponential factor for phosphorus (P) diffusion are determined to be 1.91 eV and 3.75 x 105 cm2/s. These results show that P in-situ doping diffusivity is low enough to form shallow junctions for high performance Ge devices.
Weight Optimization of the Gearbox Using Interior Point Method
Mehmet Enes Avcu,Harun Gökçe 한국정밀공학회 2023 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.24 No.1
Weight is important subject to industry that produce machine like truck, grader etc. Thus, weight optimization problem is challenging area to work at optimization area. A few optimization solution is already exit in literature. However, these algorithms are meta-heuristic algorithms. In this study, numerical optimization algorithm implemented for weight optimization problem. The interior point method (IPM) is most powerful algorithm for nonlinear programming (Nocedal and Wright in Numerical optimization, Springer, Berlin, 2006). We show the result of IPM algorithm and check against meta-heuristic algorithms.