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Traffic Engineering Based on Local States in Internet Protocol-Based Radio Access Networks
Barlow David A.,Vassiliou Vasos,Krasser Sven,Owen Henry L.,Grimminger Jochen,Huth Hans-Peter,Sokol Joachim The Korea Institute of Information and Commucation 2005 Journal of communications and networks Vol.7 No.3
The purpose of this research is to develop and evaluate a traffic engineering architecture that uses local state information. This architecture is applied to an Internet protocol radio access network (RAN) that uses multi-protocol label switching (MPLS) and differentiated services to support mobile hosts. We assume mobility support is provided by a protocol such as the hierarchical mobile Internet protocol. The traffic engineering architecture is router based-meaning that routers on the edges of the network make the decisions onto which paths to place admitted traffic. We propose an algorithm that supports the architecture and uses local network state in order to function. The goal of the architecture is to provide an inexpensive and fast method to reduce network congestion while increasing the quality of service (QoS) level when compared to traditional routing and traffic engineering techniques. We use a number of different mobility scenarios and a mix of different types of traffic to evaluate our architecture and algorithm. We use the network simulator ns-2 as the core of our simulation environment. Around this core we built a system of pre-simulation, during simulation, and post-processing software that enabled us to simulate our traffic engineering architecture with only very minimal changes to the core ns-2 software. Our simulation environment supports a number of different mobility scenarios and a mix of different types of traffic to evaluate our architecture and algorithm.
Whole-brain serial-section electron microscopy in larval zebrafish
Hildebrand, David Grant Colburn,Cicconet, Marcelo,Torres, Russel Miguel,Choi, Woohyuk,Quan, Tran Minh,Moon, Jungmin,Wetzel, Arthur Willis,Scott Champion, Andrew,Graham, Brett Jesse,Randlett, Owen,Plum Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan P 2017 Nature Vol.545 No.7654
<P>High-resolution serial-section electron microscopy (ssEM) makes it possible to investigate the dense meshwork of axons, dendrites, and synapses that form neuronal circuits(1). However, the imaging scale required to comprehensively reconstruct these structures is more than ten orders of magnitude smaller than the spatial extents occupied by networks of interconnected neurons(2), some of which span nearly the entire brain. Difficulties in generating and handling data for large volumes at nanoscale resolution have thus restricted vertebrate studies to fragments of circuits. These efforts were recently transformed by advances in computing, sample handling, and imaging techniques(1), but high-resolution examination of entire brains remains a challenge. Here, we present ssEM data for the complete brain of a larval zebrafish (Danio rerio) at 5.5 days post-fertilization. Our approach utilizes multiple rounds of targeted imaging at different scales to reduce acquisition time and data management requirements. The resulting dataset can be analysed to reconstruct neuronal processes, permitting us to survey all myelinated axons (the projectome). These reconstructions enable precise investigations of neuronal morphology, which reveal remarkable bilateral symmetry in myelinated reticulospinal and lateral line afferent axons. We further set the stage for whole-brain structure-function comparisons by co-registering functional reference atlases and in vivo two-photon fluorescence microscopy data from the same specimen. All obtained images and reconstructions are provided as an open-access resource.</P>
Origins of the Stokes Shift in PbS Quantum Dots: Impact of Polydispersity, Ligands, and Defects
Liu, Yun,Kim, Donghun,Morris, Owen P.,Zhitomirsky, David,Grossman, Jeffrey C. American Chemical Society 2018 ACS NANO Vol.12 No.3
<P>Understanding the origins of the excessive Stokes shift in the lead chalcogenides family of colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) is of great importance at both the fundamental and applied levels; however, our current understanding is far from satisfactory. Here, utilizing a combination of <I>ab initio</I> computations and UV-vis and photoluminescence measurements, we investigated the contributions to the Stokes shift from polydispersity, ligands, and defects in PbS CQDs. The key results are as follows: (1) The size and energetic disorder of a polydisperse CQD film increase the Stokes shift by 20 to 50 meV compared to that of an isolated CQD; (2) Franck-Condon (FC) shifts increase as the electronegativities of the ligands increase, but the variations are small (<15 meV). (3) Unlike the aforementioned two minor factors, the presence of certain intrinsic defects such as V<SUB>Cl</SUB><SUP>+</SUP> (in Cl-passivated CQDs) can cause substantial electron density localization of the band edge states and consequent large FC shifts (100s of meV). This effect arising from defects can explain the excessive Stokes shifts in PbS CQDs and improve our understanding of the optical properties of PbS CQDs.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>
Serum Thyroid Hormone Levels in Wild and Captive Sea Turtles
Moon, Dae-Yeon,Mackenzie, Duncan-S.,Owens, David-W. The Korean Society for Integrative Biology 1998 Korean journal of biological sciences Vol.2 No.2
Blood samples collected from green (chelonia mydas), loggerhead (caretta caretta), and Kemp's ridley (Lepidochelys kempii) sea turtles were analyzed by radioimmunoassay to detect seasonal variations in thyroid hormones and compare levels in wild and captive individuals. Sexual dimorphism in the annual cycle of thyroxine was observed in adult Kemp's ridley. No differences were observed between immature male and female green and loggerhead sea turtles. The level of triiodothyronine was consistently low relative to thyroxine in all species investigated, and captive sea turtles exhibit higher plasms thyroid levels than do wild ones.
Effects of Various Stimuli on Corticotropin-Releasing Factor in the Human Neuroblastoma Clones
Han, Jin-Hee,Kasckow, John W.,Lee, Sung-Pil,Parkes, David G.,Owens, Michael J.,Stipetic, Mark D.,Risby, Emile,Nemeroff, Charles B. The Korean Society of Biological Psychiatry 1995 생물정신의학 Vol.2 No.2
Corticotropin-releasing factor(CRF)를 분비하는 배양세포주는 CRF의 세포내 조절을 연구하는데 있어 훌륭한 체계가 된다. BE(2)-M17 및 BE(2)-C 세포주는 CRF를 생산하고 분비하며 forskolin 처치에 반응하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 저자들은 이들 세포주에 phorbol 에스테르, 즉 phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate(TPA) 0.8, 4, 10, 20 nM, 및 nitric oxide(NO)의 신호전달 경로의 자극제(1-${\mu}M$ nitroprusside)와 차단제($1{\mu}M$ nitroprusside+$300{\mu}M$ $N^G$-methyl-D-arginine), 그리고 interleukin-$1{\alpha}$ (IL $1{\alpha}$ ; 4, 20, 100, 500 pM)를 처치하여 CRF를 의미있게 증가시켰으나 세포외 분비는 C 세포에서만 변화되었다. NOS계의 자극제와 차단제는 C 세포의 forskolin 효과를 의미있게 변화시켰다. IL$1{\alpha}$는 두 세포주에 대한 영향이 없었다. 상기 제제들에 대한 이들 세포의 반응이 중추신경계 CRF 신경들과 관련하여 논의되었다.