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Daeun Moon,Jinu Kim 대한해부학회 2019 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.52 No.3
Cyclosporin A (CsA) does not only exert a toxic effect on kidney parenchymal cells, but also protects them against necrotic cell death by inhibiting opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pore. However, whether CsA plays a role in hydrogen peroxide–induced kidney proximal tubular cell death is currently unclear. In the present study, treatment with CsA further increased apoptosis and necrosis in HK-2 human kidney proximal tubule epithelial cells during exposure to hydrogen peroxide. In addition, hydrogen peroxide–induced p53 activation and BH3 interacting-domain death agonist (BID) expression were higher in CsA-treated cells than those in non-treated cells, whereas hydrogen peroxide–induced activation of mitogenactivated protein kinases including p38, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase and activation of protein kinase B were not significantly altered by treatment with CsA. In oxidant-antioxidant system, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production induced by hydrogen peroxide was further enhanced by treatment with CsA. However, expression levels of antioxidant enzymes including manganese superoxide dismutase, copper/zinc superoxide dismutase, and catalase were not altered by treatment with hydrogen peroxide or CsA. Treatment with CsA further enhanced mitochondrial membrane potential induced by exposure to hydrogen peroxide, although it did not alter endoplasmic reticulum stress based on expression of glucose-regulated protein 78 and 94. Taken together, these data suggest that CsA can aggravate hydrogen peroxide-induced cell death through p53 activation, BID expression, and ROS production.
Daeun Moon,Babu J. Padanilam,Hee-Seong Jang,Jinu Kim 대한체질인류학회 2020 해부·생물인류학 (Anat Biol Anthropol) Vol.33 No.4
Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) derived from sensory neurons contributes to the development of renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis during ureteral obstruction through upregulation of profibrotic factors. However, the mechanism by which CGRP upregulates the profibrotic factors in the ureteral obstructive setting in the kidney tubule epithelial cells is not defined. In the human kidney proximal tubule epithelial cell line, HK-2, treatment with 1 nM CGRP significantly enhanced transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) production, its release, and protein kinase C (PKC) activity. Furthermore, mechanical stretch for 6 and 24 hours significantly increased expressions of receptor activity modifying protein 1 (RAMP1) mRNA and protein among CGRP receptor components in HK-2 cells. In addition, a combination treatment with CGRP and mechanical stretch synergistically increased TGF-β1 upregulation and PKC activation. However, RAMP1 deficiency, induced by RAMP1 double nickase plasmid transfection, abolished CGRP-induced TGF-β1 upregulation and PKC activation in HK-2 cells with or without mechanical stretch. Finally, pharmacological inhibition of PKC markedly reduced TGF-β1 production and release after treatment of HK-2 cells with CGRP. Taken together, these data suggest that extraneural CGRP upregulates TGF-β1 through RAMP1-PKC axis during mechanical stretch in kidney proximal tubule epithelial cells.
Daeun Moon,Jinu Kim 대한해부학회 2019 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.52 No.3
Cyclosporin A (CsA) does not only exert a toxic effect on kidney parenchymal cells, but also protects them against necrotic cell death by inhibiting opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pore. However, whether CsA plays a role in hydrogen peroxide–induced kidney proximal tubular cell death is currently unclear. In the present study, treatment with CsA further increased apoptosis and necrosis in HK-2 human kidney proximal tubule epithelial cells during exposure to hydrogen peroxide. In addition, hydrogen peroxide–induced p53 activation and BH3 interacting-domain death agonist (BID) expression were higher in CsA-treated cells than those in non-treated cells, whereas hydrogen peroxide–induced activation of mitogenactivated protein kinases including p38, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase and activation of protein kinase B were not significantly altered by treatment with CsA. In oxidant-antioxidant system, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production induced by hydrogen peroxide was further enhanced by treatment with CsA. However, expression levels of antioxidant enzymes including manganese superoxide dismutase, copper/zinc superoxide dismutase, and catalase were not altered by treatment with hydrogen peroxide or CsA. Treatment with CsA further enhanced mitochondrial membrane potential induced by exposure to hydrogen peroxide, although it did not alter endoplasmic reticulum stress based on expression of glucose-regulated protein 78 and 94. Taken together, these data suggest that CsA can aggravate hydrogen peroxide-induced cell death through p53 activation, BID expression, and ROS production.
Intercomparison of Downscaling Techniques for Satellite Soil Moisture Products
Kim, Daeun,Moon, Heewon,Kim, Hyunglok,Im, Jungho,Choi, Minha Hindawi Limited 2018 Advances in meteorology Vol.2018 No.-
<P>During recent decades, various downscaling methods of satellite soil moisture (SM) products, which incorporate geophysical variables such as land surface temperature and vegetation, have been studied for improving their spatial resolution. Most of these studies have used least squares regression models built from those variables and have demonstrated partial improvement in the downscaled SM. This study introduces a new downscaling method based on support vector regression (SVR) that includes the geophysical variables with locational weighting. Regarding the in situ SM, the SVR downscaling method exhibited a smaller root mean square error, from 0.09 to 0.07 m<SUP>3</SUP>·m<SUP>−3</SUP>, and a larger average correlation coefficient increased, from 0.62 to 0.68, compared to the conventional method. In addition, the SM downscaled using the SVR method had a greater statistical resemblance to that of the original advanced scatterometer SM. A residual magnitude analysis for each model with two independent variables was performed, which indicated that only the residuals from the SVR model were not well correlated, suggesting a more effective performance than regression models with a significant contribution of independent variables to residual magnitude. The spatial variations of the downscaled SM products were affected by the seasonal patterns in temperature-vegetation relationships, and the SVR downscaling method showed more consistent performance in terms of seasonal effect. Based on these results, the suggested SVR downscaling method is an effective approach to improve the spatial resolution of satellite SM measurements.</P>