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Immunogenicity and Efficacy of Schmallenberg Virus Envelope Glycoprotein Subunit Vaccines
Abaineh D. Endalew,Bonto Faburay,Jessie D. Trujillo,Natasha N. Gaudreault,A. Sally Davis,Vinay Shivanna,Sun-Young Sunwoo,Wenjun Ma,Barbara S. Drolet,D. Scott McVey,Igor Morozov,William C. Wilson,Juerg 대한수의학회 2019 Journal of Veterinary Science Vol.20 No.6
The Schmallenberg virus (SBV) is an orthobunyavirus that causes abortions, stillbirths, and congenital defects in pregnant sheep and cattle. Inactivated or live attenuated vaccines have been developed in endemic countries, but there is still interest in the development of SBV vaccines that would allow a differentiationng of infected from vaccinated animals (DIVA). Therefore, an attempt was made to develop novel DIVA-compatible SBV vaccines using SBV glycoproteins expressed in baculovirus. All vaccines and phosphate buffered saline (PBS) controls were prepared with adjuvant and administered subcutaneously to cattle at six6 months (Ed note: Numerals 1 to 9 are written in words.)of age. The first trial included two2 groups of animals vaccinated with either carboxyl-terminus glycoprotein (Gc) or PBS and boosted after two2 weeks. In the second trial, three3 groups of cattle were administered either Gc, Gc and Gnamino-terminus glycoprotein, or PBS with a booster vaccination after three3 weeks. The animals were challenged with the SBV nine9 days after the booster vaccination in the first study, and three3 weeks after the booster vaccination in the second study. Using SBV Gc-specific ELISAenzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, antibodies were first detected in serum samples 14 days after the first vaccination in both trials, and peaked on days seven7 and nine9 after the booster in the first and second trials, respectively. Low titers of neutralizing antibodies were detected in serum from only 3/6 and 2/4 animals in the first and second trial, respectively, at 14 days after the first vaccination. The titers increased 2 to 3-fold after the booster vaccination. On the other hand, SBV-specific RNA was detected in the serum and selective tissues in all animals after the challenge. The SBV candidate vaccines neither prevented viremia nor conferred protection against the SBV infection.
Conceptual Design of a Table-top Terahertz Free-electron Laser
Y. U. Jeong,S. H. Park,K. Lee,J. Mun,K. H. Jang,J. Y. Lee,J. Sunwoo,김경남,Y.-H. Cha,B. H. Cha,D. H. Kim,G. M. Kazakevich 한국물리학회 2011 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.59 No.51
We have designed a table-top terahertz (THz) free electron laser (FEL). The main issue of the FEL design is to decrease radiation losses at the FEL resonator except outcoupling ratio. Also reducing the number of undulator periods and total undulator length is important to increase FEL conversion efficiency and to reduce its size. The FEL consists of a magnetron-based microtron having an energy of ∼5 MeV, a strong electromagnetic helical undulator having the period of ∼25 mm, and a cylindrical waveguide-mode optical resonator. The total diameter of the microtron is approximately 60 cm and the macropulse current is more than 50 mA. The condition for low-loss and high-gain oscillator of the table-top FEL has been studied by using a 2-D FEL code. Injection scheme of the electron beam to the undulator was optimized by calculating beam trajectories with a 3-D PIC code. The average THz power is calculated to be 1 W with the tunable wavelength range from 200 μm to 500 μm. The size of the system is expected to be 1 × 2 m<SUP>2</SUP>. The FEL is expected to be used for the real-time imaging of security inspection.
Park, D.,Park, E.S.,Sunwoo, C. Association for Applied Solar Energy ; Elsevier Sc 2014 SOLAR ENERGY -PHOENIX ARIZONA THEN NEW YORK- Vol.107 No.-
Thermal stratification in solar thermal storages is used to improve the efficiency of solar heating systems because a high degree of thermal stratification in the storages increases the thermal performance of the systems. It has been demonstrated that better thermal stratification can be achieved by increasing the aspect ratio (height-to-width ratio) of the heat storage containers. However, a high-aspect-ratio design may lead to mechanical (structural) instability of the storage space because of its tall, narrow shape. Therefore, heat storage containers should be designed to provide good thermal performance, while considering the mechanical stability of the storage space. This is an important issue in the design of thermal energy storage (TES) spaces, particularly the underground rock caverns used for TES, because the stability of rock caverns depends largely on geomechanical factors, such as rock properties and in-situ stresses. To address this issue, we present a numerical approach for determining the aspect ratio of underground TES caverns that considers both thermal performance and mechanical stability. This approach is based on a thermal performance evaluation in terms of thermal stratification using heat transfer analysis and a mechanical stability assessment that calculates the factor of safety using finite element analysis combined with a shear strength reduction (SSR) method. The applicability of our approach is demonstrated in the preliminary design of a silo-shaped rock cavern used to store hot water for district heating. The results of the numerical analyses under various design conditions are presented and discussed in detail, and we propose an aspect ratio for the rock cavern.
MAXIMUM BRAKING FORCE CONTROL UTILIZING THE ESTIMATED BRAKING FORCE
Hong, D.,Hwang, I.,SunWoo, M.,Huh, K. The Korean Society of Automotive Engineers 2007 International journal of automotive technology Vol.8 No.2
The wheel slip control systems are able to control the braking force more accurately and can be adapted to different vehicles more easily than conventional ABS (Anti-lock Brake System) systems. In realizing the wheel slip control systems, real-time information such as the tire braking force at each wheel is required. In addition, the optimal target slip values need to be determined depending on the braking objectives such as minimum braking distance and stability enhancement. In this paper, a robust wheel slip controller is developed based on the adaptive sliding mode control method and an optimal target slip assignment algorithm is proposed for maximizing the braking force. An adaptive law is formulated to estimate the braking force in real-time. The wheel slip controller is designed based on the Lyapunov stability theory considering the error bounds in estimating the braking force and the brake disk-pad friction coefficient. The target slip assignment algorithm searches for the optimal target slip value based on the estimated braking force. The performance of the proposed wheel slip control system is verified in HILS (Hardware-In-the-Loop Simulator) experiments and demonstrates the effectiveness of the wheel slip control in various road conditions.
Simplified soft-decision demapping algorithm for digital video broadcasting system
Ryu, C D,Park, J W,Sunwoo, M H IET 2010 Electronics letters Vol.46 No.12
<P>A simplified soft-decision demapping algorithm for digital video broadcasting via satellite, second generation (DVB-S2), is presented. The proposed algorithm can reduce the computational complexity required to compute the log likelihood ratio values between the received noisy symbol and possible constellation points compared to conventional algorithms. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm has negligible performance degradation compared with conventional algorithms. Compared with the maximum algorithm, the proposed algorithm can reduce the hardware resources required by about 81%.</P>
Residue data prediction algorithm for efficient video compression
Kim, S D,Sunwoo, M H IET 2010 Electronics letters Vol.46 No.16
<P>A novel residue data prediction algorithm to improve video coding efficiency is presented. The proposed algorithm performs an additional second prediction to remove the remaining signal correlation after the first prediction. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can reduce bit rate by up to 8.01% compared with the JM reference software without any degradation of the peak-signal-to-noise ratio.</P>