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Cyr Abel Maranguy Ogandaga,Jung Rok Lee,Han Gil Choi 한국환경생태학회 2017 한국환경생태학회 학술대회지 Vol.2017 No.1
The effects of seasonal and shore height on the growth and reproduction of Chondrus ocellatus were examined in the low intertidal zone of Hakampo, Korea from July 2014 to April 2015. Seasonal biomass, density, frond weight and G:T ratio of C. ocellatus was examined at upper and lower shore height of Chondrus zone. We hypothesized that, (1) growth and reproductive fronds of C. ocellatus are increased at the lower shore, having less environmental stress over the study period, (2) carposporophytes and gametophytes are dominant at upper shore as do many Gigartinaceae species, and (3) the G:T ratio of C. ocellatus are changeable in season and shore height. Biomass and frond weight were significantly greater in lower shore than upper shore and differences were also found between the seasons with the highest biomass (1695.82 g wet wt./m2)in July and frond weight (797.27mg)October. However, frond densities were not significantly different between seasons and shore heights. Carposporophytes including gametophytes were dominant at up pershore, whereas tetrasporophytes were abundant at the lower shore, even in the C. ocellatus zone. Seasonal reproductive patterns in the percentage of tetrasporophytes and carposporophytes were very similar with maximal in October and minimal in April. However, tetrasporophytes were more abundant than carposporophytes during the study period. The G:T ratio in C. ocellatus was ranged from 0.05 to 2.45 and it was significantly different between the seasons and shore heights. We conclude that environmental stresses induced by tidal cycle in the intertidal area are determinant in the abundance and reproduction status of C. ocellatus. At Hakampo shore, C. ocellatus has growth period between July-October and reproduction period in October and January.
Cyr Abel Maranguy Ogandaga,최한길,김장균,남기완 한국조류학회I 2016 ALGAE Vol.31 No.4
To examine the effects of two endophytic algae, Mikrosyphar zosterae (brown alga) and Ulvella ramosa (green alga),on the host Chondrus ocellatus (red alga), culture experiments were conducted. Four treatments were made: endophytefree(Chondrus only), endophyte-M (Chondrus + Mikrosyphar), endophyte-U (Chondrus + Ulvella), and endophytes-M·U(Chondrus + Mikrosyphar + Ulvella). After 3 weeks, the relative growth rates (RGRs) of frond lengths and the number ofnewly formed bladelets were examined. M. zosterae formed wart-like dots on C. ocellatus fronds, whereas U. ramosa madedark spots. The RGRs of frond lengths of C. ocellatus were significantly greater in the endophyte-free and endophyte-Mtreatment groups than in the endophyte-U and endophytes-M·U treatment groups, indicating that the growth of host C. ocellatus was inhibited more by the green endophyte U. ramosa than the brown endophyte M. zosterae. The number ofnewly produced bladelets was greater in the endophyte-U and endophytes-M·U groups than in the endophyte-free andendophyte-M treatment groups. These results indicate that the two endophytes inhibit growth of the host C. ocellatus. The negative effects of U. ramosa on C. ocellatus growth were more severe than those caused by M. zosterae. Furthermore,U. ramosa destroyed the apical meristems of C. ocellatus, whereas M. zosterae did not. On the other hand, C. ocellatusshowed compensatory growth in the form of lateral branch production as U. ramosa attacked its apical meristems.
Ogandaga, Cyr Abel Maranguy,Choi, Han Gil,Kim, Jang Kyun,Nam, Ki Wan The Korean Society of Phycology 2016 ALGAE Vol.31 No.4
To examine the effects of two endophytic algae, Mikrosyphar zosterae (brown alga) and Ulvella ramosa (green alga), on the host Chondrus ocellatus (red alga), culture experiments were conducted. Four treatments were made: endophyte-free (Chondrus only), endophyte-M (Chondrus + Mikrosyphar), endophyte-U (Chondrus + Ulvella), and endophytes-M U (Chondrus + Mikrosyphar + Ulvella). After 3 weeks, the relative growth rates (RGRs) of frond lengths and the number of newly formed bladelets were examined. M. zosterae formed wart-like dots on C. ocellatus fronds, whereas U. ramosa made dark spots. The RGRs of frond lengths of C. ocellatus were significantly greater in the endophyte-free and endophyte-M treatment groups than in the endophyte-U and endophytes-M U treatment groups, indicating that the growth of host C. ocellatus was inhibited more by the green endophyte U. ramosa than the brown endophyte M. zosterae. The number of newly produced bladelets was greater in the endophyte-U and endophytes-M U groups than in the endophyte-free and endophyte-M treatment groups. These results indicate that the two endophytes inhibit growth of the host C. ocellatus. The negative effects of U. ramosa on C. ocellatus growth were more severe than those caused by M. zosterae. Furthermore, U. ramosa destroyed the apical meristems of C. ocellatus, whereas M. zosterae did not. On the other hand, C. ocellatus showed compensatory growth in the form of lateral branch production as U. ramosa attacked its apical meristems.
The capture of small variations in interior noise levels using PowerFLOW
Dr. Stephane Cyr,Eui-Sung Choi,Philippe Moron,Siva Senthooran 한국소음진동공학회 2014 한국소음진동공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2014 No.10
Hyundai Motor Company is proposing the fourth evolution of their Hyundai Simplified Model as benchmark results for the validation of CFD codes in aeroacoustics and noise transmission to the interior of a cabin. The focus of this benchmark is on variations in noise level induced by small typical geometry changes that can be found in a car development program. This article presents the noise transmission results obtained with PowerFLOW in combination with a SEA model and shows that it is possible to capture small variations in noise level with a lattice Boltzmann method based code.
Operator splitting for high-order adaptive mesh refinement on the sphere
Amik St-Cyr 한국산업응용수학회 2006 한국산업응용수학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.1 No.1
A variant of the operator integrating factor splitting originally proposed by Maday et al. (1990) is applied to a h-adaptive, non-conforming spectral element shallow water model over the sphere. The resulting algorithm is efficient and avoids any type of local time-stepping like in the Berger-Oliger algorithm. The model is tested against the shallow water cases proposed by Williamson et al. (1992). The numerical results show that it is possible to keep the semi-implicit time step constant while varying the advective time scale to meet the maximal Courant restriction.
Sampling for Data Freshness Optimization: Non-linear Age Functions
Yin Sun,Benjamin Cyr 한국통신학회 2019 Journal of communications and networks Vol.21 No.3
In this paper, we study how to take samples at a datasource for improving the freshness of received data samples at aremote receiver. We use non-linear functions of the age of informationto measure data freshness, and provide a survey of non-linearage functions and their applications. The sampler design problemis studied to optimize these data freshness metrics, even when thereis a sampling rate constraint. This sampling problem is formulatedas a constrained Markov decision process (MDP) with a possiblyuncountable state space. We present a complete characterizationof the optimal solution to this MDP: The optimal sampling policyis a deterministic or randomized threshold policy, where thethreshold and the randomization probabilities are characterizedbased on the optimal objective value of the MDP and the samplingrate constraint. The optimal sampling policy can be computed bybisection search, and the curse of dimensionality is circumvented. These age optimality results hold for (i) general data freshness metricsrepresented by monotonic functions of the age of information,(ii) general service time distributions of the queueing server, (iii)both continuous-time and discrete-time sampling problems, and(iv) sampling problems both with and without the sampling rateconstraint. Numerical results suggest that the optimal samplingpolicies can be much better than zero-wait sampling and the classicuniform sampling.
변성준(Sung Jun Byun),Stephane Cyr,김석원(Suk Won Kim),권혁빈(Hyeok-bin Kwon) 한국철도학회 2014 한국철도학회 학술발표대회논문집 Vol.2014 No.5
고속철도 차량의 공기저항과 유동 특성의 정확한 예측은 차량의 설계에 매우 중요한 요소이다. 본 연구에서는 고속열차 형상의 공기저항을 정량적으로 평가하기 위해 LBM(Lattice Boltzmann Method) 기법을 이용하여 4 량 편성의 1/20 축소형 HEMU-430X 고속열차 주위의 유동장에 대한 전산해석을 수행하였다. 해석에 사용된 프로그램은 자동차분야에서 공력과 유동해석에 많이 사용되고 있는 Exa Co.의 PowerFLOW이며, 실험에 사용된 속도 조건은 69.44 m/s로써 비압축성 난류 영역에 해당되어 비압축성 VLES(very large eddy simulation) 모델을 이용하였다. 전산해석을 통해 얻어진 열차의 공기저항계수는 풍동실험 결과와 비교하여 해석기법의 정확도를 평가하였으며, 열차 주위의 비정상 유동 특성 및 LBM 기법의 고속열차 적용 타당성에 대해서도 논하였다. For high-speed trains, estimation of aerodynamic drag as well as understanding of flow structure around trains is very important to design aerodynamic shape. In this study, LBM(Lattice Boltzmann Method) has been employed to assess the aerodynamic drag of high-speed train quantitatively, and numerical simulation around the high-speed train has been conducted. Incompressible VLES(Very Large Eddy Simulation) model has been used in simulating by PowerFLOW of Exa Co. in accordance with the flow Mach number about 0.2 which corresponds to freestream velocity 70m/s. The aerodynamic drag coefficient from numerical simulation has been compared with that from wind tunnel experiment to evaluate the accuracy of the numerical methods. The unsteady flow characteristics around high-speed train as well as the application of LBM to high-speed train have also been discussed.