Comparison of immunoadjuvant activities of four bursal peptides combined with H9N2 avian influenza virus vaccine

Cong Zhang,Jiangfei Zhou,Zhixin Liu,Yongqing Liu,Kairui Cai,Tengfei Shen,Cheng-Shui Liao,Chen Wang 대한수의학회 2018 Journal of Veterinary Science Vol.19 No.6

The bursa of Fabricius (BF) is a central humoral immune organ unique to birds. Four bursal peptides (BP-I, BP-II, BP-III, and BP-IV) have been isolated and identified from the BF. In this study, the immunoadjuvant activities of BPs I to IV were examined in mice immunized with H9N2 avian influenza virus (AIV) vaccine. The results suggested that BP-I effectively enhanced cell-mediated immune responses, increased the secretion of Th1 (interferon gamma)- and Th2 (interleukin-4)-type cytokines, and induced an improved cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) response to the H9N2 virus. BP-II mainly elevated specific antibody production, especially neutralizing antibodies, and increased Th1- and Th2-type cytokine secretion. BP-III had no significant effect on antibody production or cell-mediated immune responses compared to those in the control group. A strong immune response at both the humoral and cellular levels was induced by BP-IV. Furthermore, a virus challenge experiment followed by H&E staining revealed that BP-I and BP-II promoted removal of the virus and conferred protection in mouse lungs. BP-IV significantly reduced viral titers and histopathological changes and contributed to protection against H9N2 AIV challenge in mouse lungs. This study further elucidated the immunoadjuvant activities of BPs I to IV, providing a novel insight into immunoadjuvants for use in vaccine design.

Optimal Slot Design of IPMSM in Railway With Independently Rotating Wheelsets

Liu, Huai-Cong,Lee, Ho-Joon,Seol, Hyun-Soo,Cho, Sooyoung,Lee, Ju,Oh, Ye Jun IEEE 2019 IEEE transactions on magnetics Vol.55 No.2

<P>This paper proposes a quasi-semi-closed (QSC) slot design method for an open-slot-type interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) for independently rotating wheelsets necessary to reduce the total harmonic distortion of no-load back-electromotive force and the torque ripple in the IPMSM. Four different slot-opening models were selected—the basic model, hairpin coil model, magnetic-wedge model, and QSC-slot model—and 2-D finite-element analysis was performed under open-circuit and load operations for each of the four models. Next, the relationships among the cogging torque, the torque ripple, and the saturation phenomenon in the core were analyzed. In addition, the manufacturing process, manufacturing cost, fill factor, end-winding resistance, copper loss, and efficiency were investigated. The experimental results verify the accuracy of the proposed method.</P>

Design of Permanent Magnet-Assisted Synchronous Reluctance Motor for Maximized Back-EMF and Torque Ripple Reduction

Liu, Huai-Cong,Kim, In-Gun,Oh, Ye Jun,Lee, Ju,Go, Sung-Chul IEEE 2017 IEEE transactions on magnetics Vol.53 No.6

<P>This paper proposes the optimization of the shape and size of a ferrite magnet and the arrangements necessary to reduce torque ripple and maximize back electromotive force (B-EMF) in a permanent-magnet-assisted synchronous reluctance motor. First, four different models of general magnet arrangements were selected, and analysis using the finite-element method was performed under open circuit and load operations for each of the four models. Next, the relationship between the cogging torque and the torque ripple was analyzed, considering the segment saturation phenomenon. Then, based on the initial model, the design was optimized for maximum B-EMF and minimum torque ripple, and the total harmonic distortion was measured. Finally, the validity and superiority of the optimized design were confirmed by manufacturing a prototype motor and performing the experiment.</P>

NEW INTEGRATED MULTI-ALGORITHM FUSION LOCALIZATION AND TRAJECTORY TRACKING FRAMEWORK OF AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES UNDER EXTREME CONDITIONS WITH NON-GAUSSIAN NOISES

Cong Liu,Hui Liu,Lijin Han,Changle Xiang 한국자동차공학회 2023 International journal of automotive technology Vol.24 No.1

This paper proposes a novel integrated multi-algorithm fusion localization and trajectory tracking framework for autonomous vehicles under extreme conditions with non-Gaussian noises. Firstly, in order to solve the problem that GPS signals are interfered with non-Gaussian noises or lost, a localization method based on Particle Filter (PF) is designed, which takes full advantage of the reference objects position information and vehicle driving state information, thus realizing the self-localization for high-speed autonomous vehicles. Besides, considering the accumulated errors of the model-driven Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) in the long-horizon positioning prediction, an online future driving state prediction algorithm based on multi-order variable-step Markov model (MM) is proposed to calculate the future vehicle position in scenarios without reference. The fusion of these two methods can give full play to their respective advantages, thus improving the accuracy and robustness of the whole localization algorithm in scenes with non-Gaussian noises. Then, the location information and the future driving state are applied to the trajectory tracking controller based on adaptive model predictive control (AMPC). Finally, the CarSim-Matlab/Simulink cGAOo-simulations results show the effectiveness of the proposed framework when GPS signal is interfered with non-Gaussian noises, which further improve the positioning accuracy and autonomous tracking stability.

Bubbles and Blisters Impact on Diecasting Cage to the Designs and Operations of Line-Start Synchronous Reluctance Motors

Liu, Huai-Cong,Hong, Hyun-Seok,Cho, Sooyoung,Lee, Ju,Jin, Chang-Sung IEEE 2017 IEEE transactions on magnetics Vol.53 No.6

<P>This study investigates the starting capability of a high-efficiency synchronous reluctance motor for direct online industrial applications. Because of structural limitations, line-start synchronous reluctance motors (LS-SynRMs) are commonly diecasted by reducing pressure to ensure safe manufacturing. Hence, the shape of the squirrel-cage bars, including bubbles and blisters in the rotors of LS-SynRM, needs to be analyzed. In this paper, three different models are proposed to model the random bubble and blister phenomena by using 2-D finite-element analysis (FEA); their impacts on the flux paths and the change in exciting current of the squirrel-cage bars due to the unbalanced bubbles are thoroughly evaluated. Finally, consider that the bubbles' impacts are confirmed by manufacturing the prototype motor and performing the experiment. The results of FEA and the experiment clearly indicate that the impacts of additional bubbles and blisters need to be considered in the design of LS-SynRMs.</P>

Research on Crossing Tunnels' Seismic Response Characteristics

Cong Liu,Li-min Peng,Ming-feng Lei,Yu-feng Li 대한토목학회 2019 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.23 No.11

A large-scale shaking table test system and corresponding numerical model are designed to study the seismic characteristics of crossing tunnels. The calculated results are in good agreement with experimental data, both the results suggest that: Loading the El-Centro seismic wave, the maximum acceleration in upper tunnel’s crossing center section is located in the crown, the maximum strain is located in the haunch; meanwhile, the maximum acceleration and strain in underpass tunnel’s cross center section are both located in the crown. Affected by the underpass tunnel, at the side wall bottom of the upper tunnel, tests data reveal that the crossing center’s maximum acceleration is reduced for 30.9% and the strain was enlarged 170% than the normal section. Affected by the upper tunnel, at the haunch of the underpass tunnel, tests data reveal the crossing center’s maximum acceleration is enlarged by 10.0% and the strain is 27.2% reduced than the normal section.

An Optimization Algorithm for Solving High-Dimensional Complex Functions Based on a Multipopulation Cooperative Bare-Bones Particle Swarm

Liu Cong,Liu Yunqing,Wu Tong,Yan Fei,Zhang Qiong 대한전기학회 2022 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.17 No.4

The particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm can easily become trapped in a local optimum when the objective function to be optimized is high-dimensional and complex. A multipopulation, cooperative, bare-bones particle swarm optimization (MCBBPSO) algorithm is proposed to solve this problem. In MCBBPSO, three types of parallel cooperative learning populations are used to optimize the objective function. By adding disturbance factors and adopting an elite reverse learning strategy, the optimization ability of the algorithm is increased. Through the “mirror wall” method, the cross-boundary particles are processed to reduce the loss of particle resources. Experiments using the CEC2013 standard test functions demonstrate the convergence accuracy and speed of the algorithm on high-dimensional and complex objective functions. Finally, MCBBPSO is applied to perform parameter optimization in support vector regression (SVR), and short-term wind speeds are then predicted using the optimized SVR approach to reduce resource consumption in a power grid.

Schisantherin A Improves Learning and Memory of Mice with D-Galactose-Induced Learning and Memory Impairment Through Its Antioxidation and Regulation of p19/p53/p21/ Cyclin D1/CDK4/RB Gene Expressions

Cong Liu,Weijing Sun,Ning Li,Jiaqi Gao,Chunyan Yu,Chunmei Wang,Jinghui Sun,Shu Jing,JianGuang Chen,He Li 한국식품영양과학회 2018 Journal of medicinal food Vol.21 No.7

Schisantherin A (SCA) was evaluated for possible function in restoring the learning and memory impairment induced by D-galactose in mice. ICR mice were treated with D-galactose subcutaneously (220 mg·kg−1), and followed by SCA in different doses (1.25, 2.50 and 5.00 mg·kg−1, administered orally) for 42 days. Effects of SCA on learning and memory were examined by step-through tests and Morris water maze tests. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the peripheral blood and hippocampus of mice were assayed by water-soluble tetrazolium-1 (WST-1) and thiobarbituric acid (TBA) methods. The contents of 8 hydroxy deoxy guanosine (8-OHdG) in the hippocampus of mice were detected by immunosorbent assay methods, respectively. Quantitative real-time PCR and Western Blot were respectively used to detect the expression of p19, p53, p21, cyclin D1, CDK4 and RB genes, and the phosphorylation of RB in the hippocampus of mice. We found that SCA significantly improved the learning and memory impairment induced by D-galactose in mice. After SCA treatment, SOD activity was increased and the content of MDA was decreased in both peripheral blood and hippocampus of mice. 8-OHDG content was also decreased in the hippocampus of mice. Furthermore, the expression of p19, p53 and p21 genes was reduced and the expression of cyclin D1 and CDK4 and the phosphorylation of RB protein were elevated in the hippocampus. SCA may improve the learning and memory impairment induced by D-galactose by enhancing the antioxidant capacity, and regulating the expression of p19/p53/p21/cyclinD1/CDK4 genes, and the phosphorylation of RB protein in the hippocampus of mice.

Model Tests of Jacked-Pile Penetration into Sand Using Transparent Soil and Incremental Particle Image Velocimetry

Cong Liu,Xiao-Wei Tang,Huanwei Wei,Pengpeng Wang,Honghua Zhao 대한토목학회 2020 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.24 No.4

This paper presents a series of physical modelling tests of jacked-pile penetration into sand, combining the transparent soil and incremental reliability-guided particle image velocimetry, which provides a non-intrusively internal deformation measurement approach to monitor the internal movement of soil caused by jacked-pile penetration. The difference between the full-model test and the half-model test was analyzed quantitatively for the first time. This paper aims to provide some new insight into the penetration mechanisms of different shapes of pile tip. In addition, the phenomenon of meta-stable sand plug in the process of jacked-pile penetration was studied by means of the method of partial replacement with dyed particles. Experimental evidence has shown that the boundary and interaction effect causes the experimental phenomenon of the half-model test to be different from the true condition. The shape effect of pile tip on the governing penetration mechanisms was discussed, and the disturbance effect of different shapes of pile tip was evaluated and compared based on a large number of model tests and published literatures. The paper intuitively demonstrates that the different penetration mechanism of flat-ended pile and cone-ended pile is mainly due to the formation of the meta-stable sand plug beneath the pile tip.

Application of a C-Type Filter Based LCFL Output Filter to Shunt Active Power Filters

Liu, Cong,Dai, Ke,Duan, Kewei,Kang, Yong The Korean Institute of Power Electronics 2013 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.13 No.6

This paper proposes and designs a new output filter called an LCFL filter for application to three phase three wire shunt active power filters (SAPF). This LCFL filter is derived from a traditional LCL filter by replacing its capacitor with a C-type filter, and then constructing an L-C-type Filter-L (LCFL) topology. The LCFL filter can provide better switching ripple attenuation capability than traditional passive damped LCL filters. The LC branch series resonant frequency of the LCFL filter is set at the switching frequency, which can bypass most of the switching harmonic current generated by a SAPF converter. As a result, the power losses in the damping resistor of the LCFL filter can be reduced when compared to traditional passive damped LCL filters. The principle and parameter design of the LCFL filter are presented in this paper, as well as a comparison to traditional passive damped LCL filters. Simulation and experimental results are presented to validate the theoretical analyses and effectiveness of the LCFL filter.