離騷의 性格

金學主 서울대학교 동아문화연구소 1979 東亞文化 Vol.16 No.-

Since Ssu-ma Ch'ien eulogized Ch'u¨ Yu¨an as a great patriotic poet and his Li-Sao (Encountering Sorrow) as a song of"loyalty to his king and love to the people," from Wang Yi (Ch'u Tz'uˇ Chang Chu¨楚辭章句) to modern Chinese scholars (Ch'u Tz'uˇYen Chiu Lun Wen Chi 楚辭硏究論文集), most of the scholars have interpreted Li-Sao as a patriotic poem. But lately some scholars, such as Liao P'ing(Ch'u Tz'uˇ Chiang Yi 楚辭講義), Ho T'ian Hsing (Ch'u T'zu¨ Tzo Yu¨ Han Tai K'ao 楚辭作於漢代考), and Chu Tung Jun (Ch'u Ko and Ch'u Tz'uˇ 楚歌與楚辭, Writer of Li-Sao 離騷的作者, etc.), denying the existence of Ch'u¨ Yu¨an, contended that Li-Sao is a song of "fairy excursion."In this paper, I have examined the above mentioned two directions of interpretation of Li-Sao, and analogized it's character through the analysis of the text. For the convenience of quotation of the text, I gave numbers from 1 to 188 to every line (two phrase for one line) of Li-Sao. (2) In the text of Li-Sao, lines 17-20, 40-41, 44 and 188 directly express the poet's loyalty to his king or love to the people (or the country). But most of the general purport arrives at the despair and resentment to this world. Besides, on the lines 13-16, 19, 38-39, 53, 72-87, and 145-149, we can find a description of the conduct of great sages and tyrants. These also show that Li-Sao is a patriotic poem. On the other hand, in most of the text of Li-Sao the poet describes his visionary excursion to the fairyland and heaven. On lines 54-64, we find his desire of the long journey, and on lines 72-185, we find his three-time fairy excursions. Consequently, we can say that Li-Sao is a song of fairy excursion. (3) Of course there are far more lines which support Li-Sao as a patriotic poem or song of fairy excursion. But both of these two interpretations have a good many negative expressions in themselves. We find in them defects not sufficient to assert the character of the poem as such. So I analyzed the text various ways to obtain the clear character of it. As a result, I draw a deduction that this originated from an early shaman of Ch'u. In concluding the character of Li-Sao, most important factor is an interpretation of P'eng Hsien, which is stated in the last paragraph: "Since none is worthwhile to work with in making good government, I will go and join P'eng Hsien in the place where he abides.(旣莫足與爲美政兮, 吾將從彭咸之所居)" Wang Yi commented on P'eng Hsien as a "sage of Shang dynasty, who drowned himself because his king disregarded his advice," and the last line of Li-Sao has been taken as the poet's statement of his intention to drown himself. But it is clear that his explanation has no basis. As Ho T'ien-Hsing (at Ch'u Tz'uˇ Tzo Yi Han Tai K'ao) pointed out, it is very reasonable to explain P'eng Hsien as ancient shamans, Wu P'eng and Wu Hsien, shown in: Shang Hai Ching, and "to join P'eng Hsien" means rather the poet's, intention to devote himself to occult training as a shaman. At the beginning of Li-Sao, the poet described his family lineage because early shamans were handed down from father to son as a profession. And he introduced his name(字) as Ling Chun(靈均). When we think of Wang Yi's commentary "靈, 巫也" and other shaman's name Ling Hsiu, Ling Fen, and Ling Pao of the Ch'u Tz'uˇ, the name Ling Chu¨n bespeaks itself a name of a shaman. Before his first visionary excursion, the poet paid a visit to the spirit of Emperor Shun to get his advice, which means that Shun was one of the spirit enshrined by the poet shaman. This fact also, explains why Li-Sao has so many descriptions of loyalty to the Kingand love of the country. And most of the works of Ch'u Tz'uˇ, which recorded under the, name of Ch'u¨ Yu¨an and his student Sung Yu¨, such as Chiu-Ko, T`ian-Wen, Yuan-You, P'u-Chu¨, Chiu-Pian, Chao-Hun, and Ta-Chao preserve more obvious tinges of shaman than Li-Sao. Consequently, it might be maintained that Li-Sao is a early song of shaman, neither a patriotic poem nor a song of fairy excursion.

Exploring the Effect of Comprehensibility in K-content Titles on Behavioral Intention: A Need for Cognition Perspective

Chu,Kyounghee(Kyounghee Chu),Kim,Ji Yoon(Ji Yoon Kim) 한국상품학회 2024 商品學硏究 Vol.42 No.1

This study empirically explores the impact of the comprehensibility of K-content titles on consumer evaluation. The specific objective of the research is as follows: to analyze the influence of the comprehensibility level of K-content titles on behavioral intentions (intention to watch). More specifically, this study aims to verify whether the patterns of influence of comprehensibility levels of K-content titles on consumer evaluations differ based on need for cognition(NFC) levels. The experimental results revealed differences in intention to watch K-movies depending on cognitive needs levels. In other words, viewers with lower need for cognition have higher viewing intentions towards movies with titles that are more comprehensible compared to those with less comprehensible titles. On the other hand, viewers with higher need for cognition have higher viewing intentions towards movies with less comprehensible titles compared to those with more comprehensible titles. Prior research has primarily focused on consumer responses to the comprehensibility of key messages or information within the field of communication. In this regard, by applying the concept of comprehensibility to the titles of K-Contents, this research strengthens the theoretical foundation concerning the effectiveness of message delivery and consumer response, while also deepening the understanding of global marketing strategies for K-Contents. In terms of practical implications, it emphasizes to K-Content creators and marketers that the comprehensibility of titles significantly influences consumer interest and viewing intentions. This offers critical guidance in the selection of titles and formulation of marketing strategies for K-Contents. Furthermore, optimizing content titles for a global audience with diverse cognitive needs can contribute to the successful international spread of K-Contents. Therefore, by comprehensively understanding the impact of K-Content titles on consumer evaluations, this study is expected to make significant contributions both academically and practically.

元曲 特質 小考

李桂柱 단국대학교 중어중문학과 1974 中國文學報 Vol.- No.1

龜玆樂 關聯의 개存 硏究成果 檢討 : A Critical Review

홍주희 한국음악사학회 2002 한국음악사학보 Vol.29 No.-

In order to make a systematic approach to the study of Kuei-tzu˘ music 龜玆樂, this paper is intended to investigate the outcomes of existing studies on Kuei-tzu˘ music by Korean and Chinese scholars from the 1950s to the present. Most outcomes have been studied by Chinese musicologists including P'an Huai-su 播?素, Ch'ang Jen-hsia 常任俠, Chou Chi 周吉, Ho Ch'ang-lin 何昌林, Ch'iu Ch'iung-lin 丘璟蓀, Li Ping 呂氷 and so on. Also included are such Korean scholars as An Hwak 安廓, Lee Hye-ku [Yi Hye-gu] 李惠求, Song Bang-song [Song Pang-song] 宋芳松, Cho˘n In-p'yo˘ng 全仁平 and Hong Chu-hu˘i 洪周希, and also such Japanese musicologists as Kishibe Shigeo 岸邊成雄 and Hayashi Kenzo― 林謙三. The outcomes of existing studies on Kuei-tzu˘ music can be divided into two groups in a broad sence : the first group is the outcomes related directly with Kuei-tzu˘ music, while the other group, the outcomes related indirectly with Kuei-tzu˘ music. This paper consists of three parts : Ⅰ. Introduction, Ⅱ. The Main Issue : 1. Studies on Kuei-tzu˘ Music : 1) Studies on Kuei-tzu˘ Music in Ancient Period; Modal Theory Called We-tan-ch'i-sheng 五旦七聲 by Su Chih-p'o 蘇祗婆, Historical Change of Musical Scale, Musical Instruments, and General Approach to Kuei-tzu˘ Music, 2) Relation between Ancient Kuei-tzu˘ Music and Current Makam, 2. Studies of Indirectly Related with Kuie-tzu˘ Music : 1) Outcomes by Cultural Approach, 2) Outcomes by Iconographic Materials, 3) General Survey, Ⅲ. Conclusion. In conclusion it is pointed out that the outcomes of existing studies on Kuei-tzu˘ music by Korean scholars are very poor in comparison with those by Japanese and Chinese scholars. Translations of studies on Kuei-tzu˘ music by Kishibe Shigeo and Hayashi Kenzo― made a contribution to the study of Kuei-tzu˘ Music in Korea. The author, therefore, emphasizes that it is necessary to translate works on Kuei-tzu˘ music by Chinese scholars into Korean.

이동로봇의 여유자유도 최적화에 관한 이론적 고찰

주백석(B. Chu1),성영휘(W.H. Sung) 한국생산제조학회 2013 한국생산제조시스템학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2013 No.8

ADGO: analysis of differentially expressed gene sets using composite GO annotation

Nam, Dougu,Kim, Sang-Bae,Kim, Seon-Kyu,Yang, Sungjin,Kim, Seon-Young,Chu, In-Sun Oxford University Press 2006 Bioinformatics Vol.22 No.18

<P><B>Motivation:</B> Genes are typically expressed in modular manners in biological processes. Recent studies reflect such features in analyzing gene expression patterns by directly scoring gene sets. Gene annotations have been used to define the gene sets, which have served to reveal specific biological themes from expression data. However, current annotations have limited analytical power, because they are classified by single categories providing only unary information for the gene sets.</P><P><B>Results:</B> Here we propose a method for discovering composite biological themes from expression data. We intersected two annotated gene sets from different categories of Gene Ontology (GO). We then scored the expression changes of all the single and intersected sets. In this way, we were able to uncover, for example, a gene set with the molecular function <I>F</I> and the cellular component <I>C</I> that showed significant expression change, while the changes in individual gene sets were not significant. We provided an exemplary analysis for HIV-1 immune response. In addition, we tested the method on 20 public datasets where we found many ‘filtered’ composite terms the number of which reached ∼34% (a strong criterion, 5% significance) of the number of significant unary terms on average. By using composite annotation, we can derive new and improved information about disease and biological processes from expression data.</P><P><B>Availability:</B> We provide a web application (ADGO: http://array.kobic.re.kr/ADGO) for the analysis of differentially expressed gene sets with composite GO annotations. The user can analyze Affymetrix and dual channel array (spotted cDNA and spotted oligo microarray) data for four species: human, mouse, rat and yeast.</P><P><B>Contact:</B> chu@kribb.re.kr</P><P><B>Supplementary information:</B> http://array.kobic.re.kr/ADGO</P>

목화생육형질의 잡종강세효과

崔周鎬,李喆浩,高永玉 진주산업대학교 농업기술연구소 1999 農業技術硏究所報 Vol.12 No.-

1997년 4월부터 12월까지 진주산업대학교 학생실습포장에서 목화 0개 품종을 이면교배하여 얻은 F_1, F_2 45개 조합을 재료로 생육형질의 교배집단에 따른 잡종강세정도를 산출한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 개화일수에서 F_1은 5.12%, F2세대에서는 0.67%, 개면일수에서는 F_1은 0.29%로 강세를 보였으나, F_2에서는 -0.43%로 낮았으며, 개화수는 F_1은 -1.64% F_2는 -0.98%로 부의 강세를 나타냈다. 2. 초장의 F_1은 1.58%, F_2세대에는 5.12%, 절간장에서는 F_1은 10.14%, F_2세대에서는 3.05%의 강세를 보였으나, 결과지수에서는 F_1은 -0.69%, F_2세대에서는 2.22%로 상반된 강세를 나타내었으며, 경직경은 F_1은 3.39%, F_2세대에서는 2.28%로 높은 강세를 보였다. 3. 삭장에서는 F_1은 1.15%, F_2세대에서는 1.96%로 유의한 강세를 보였으며, 삭폭의 F_1은 1.3%, F_2에서는 -2.00%로 상반된 강세를 보였다. 4. 주당전경중에서는 F_1은 -0.50%, F_에서는 -1.13%, 주당근중의 F_1은 -2.53%, F_에서는 -6.76%로 부의 유사한 강세를 나타내었다. For this study, 45 combinations of F1 and F2 generations were bred from 10 varieties of cotton through diallel cross during the period from April to December, 1997. The heterosis effects were analyzed with the following results: 1. Days to flowering showed 5.12% heterosis in F1 generation, and 0.67% in F2; days to maturity, 0.29% in F1, but -043% in F2; number of flowerings per plant, -1.64% in F1 and -0.98% in F2. 2. Plant height showed 1.58% heterosis in F1 and 5.12% in F2; internode length, 10.14% in F1 and 3.05% in F2; number of fruiting branches, -0.69% in F1, but 2.22% in F2; stalk diameter, 3.39% in F1 and 2.28% in F2. 3. Boll length showed 1.15% heterosis in F1 and 1.96% in F2; boll width, 1.3% in F1, but -2.00% in F2. 4. Total weight per plant showed -0.50% heterosis in F1 and -1.13% in F2; root weight per plant, -2.53% in F1 and -6.76% in F2.

부적절하게 수복된 stainless steel crown에 의해 야기된 하악 제1대구치 이소맹출 치험례

박주석,손흥규,최병재 大韓小兒齒科學會 2000 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.27 No.1

이소맹출이란 영구치열의 발육 과정 중에 국소적 맹출장애로 인하여 정상적 위치에서 벗어난 치아의 맹출을 말한다. 일반적으로 이소맹출은 2∼6% 정도의 이환율을 보이고, 제1대구치에서 호발하며 주로 상악에서 많이 나타나고 하악에서는 드물다. 이소맹출의 원인은 국소적 원인으로 부적절한 치열궁 길이. 상악 후방부의 성장 부족, 제1대구치의 근심 맹출, 비정상적으로 큰 제1대구치 등이 있고, 유전적인 원인으로 나타날 수도 있으며, 부적절하게 형성된 stainless steel crown에 의해서도 유발될 수 있다. 이소맹출된 치아 중 66%는 가역성이므로 3∼6개월 정도의 관찰 기간이 요구된다고 하였으며, 비가역성 이소맹출인 경우에는 brass wire 나 elastic separator를 이용한 비교적 간단한 치료 방법, 제2유구치의 distal discing, Humphrey appliance 등과 같이 제2유규치를 유지하면서 치료하는 방법 및 제2유구치 발거 후 가철식 장치나 cervical traction headgear를 이용하는 방법 등이 소개되고 있다. 본 증례는 연세대하교 치과대학병원 소아치과에 내원한 7세된 남환아로 구강 검사 및 방사선 검사 결과, 4년전 개인 치과의원에서 수복된 우측 하악 제2유구의 stainless steel crown을 제거하고, Humphrey appliance를 제작하여 장착하였으며, 약 10주 후에 고착 상태가 해소되었다. 본 증례에서와 같이 이소맹출은 부적절하게 형성된 stainless steel crown에 의해 일어날 수 있으므로, stainless steel crown의 수복 치료에 있어서, 적절한 크기의 선택, trimming 및 contouring 등이 매우 중요하다. Ectopic eruption is out of a normal position by local eruption disturbance in the developing permanent molar. The prevalence of ectopic eruption is reported to be the between 2 and 6%, most often associated maxillary first permanent molar, whereas, the occurrence for the mandibular is quite rare. The etiologic factors of ectopic eruption are inadequate arch length, lack of growth in the posterior region of the jaw, mesially inclined eruption path of first permanent molars, abnormally large first permanent molars, hereditary factor and a stainless steel crown which has been improperly restored. Ectopic eruption can be treated by the use of brass wire, separating elastics, distal disking and Humphrey appliance and the use of removable appliance and cervical traction headgear after extraction of the second primary molar. This case was that lower right first permanent molar was mesially tilted state by locking on the stainless steel crown of a lower right second primary molar. The stainless steel crown was removed and Humphrey appliance was set. Like this case, ectopic eruption could be happened by the stainless steel crown which improperly restored. In restoration of the stainless steel crown, selection of proper size, trimming and contouring are very important.

무대 예술 진흥 방안 연구

盧珠采 명지대학교 예체능연구소 1993 藝體能論集 Vol.3 No.-

In Korea, cultural institutions and activities are entered in Seoul. As a natural consequence it follws that provincial cultural characteristics disappeared, moreover. it subordinate local culture to Seoul. To correct this cultural subor dination, this author presents some methods as follows. 1. An adequate spece for provincial cultural activities should be established. 2. The space should be managed with consistant and deliberate plans. 3. Cultural activities should be planned and administered by specialists in art administration. 4. Provincial cultural characteristics should be excavated and cultivated 5. The local tours of the special preforming companies, such as opera, drama, ballet and orchastra companies. should planned and administeried under the goverment subsides. 6. Provincial cultural spaces should be opened to students at least once a week. 7. students should be permitted to make their own stages.

李陵과 그의 詩 : 鍾嶸의 品評을 中心으로

車柱環 서울대학교 1965 서울대학교 論文集 Vol.11 No.-