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Ginkgo biloba Administered Singly and Combined With Antioxidants in Tinnitus Patients
Chauhan Bhushan,Arya Shantanu,Chauhan Komal 대한청각학회 2023 Journal of Audiology & Otology Vol.27 No.1
Background and Objectives: Tinnitus, or ear ringing, involves impulsive and spontaneous activity in the auditory neurons. Its prevalence is high in the elderly, but 10%–15% of adults suffer from tinnitus, affecting their quality of life. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of <i>Ginkgo biloba</i> administered singly and in combination with antioxidants in tinnitus patients.Subjects and Methods: Patients were randomly allocated to Placebo (T0, n=22), Treatment 1 (T1, n=24), and Treatment 2 (T2, n=23) groups. The patients were educated on the study’s methodology and were instructed to visit at 0, 4, 8, 12, and 14 weeks. The placebo group received starch capsule supplements. Conversely, the treatment groups received <i>Ginkgo biloba</i> (60 mg twice a day) singly and in combination with antioxidants. We enrolled 69 patients aged 40–70 years (41 men, 28 women). The Tinnitus Handicap Index (THI), Visual Analogue Score (VAS), and Short Form 36 (SF-36) Health Scores were determined pre- and post-treatment at each visit.Results: Supplementation of <i>Ginkgo biloba</i>, along with antioxidants, provided marked improvement (<i>p</i><0.05) in post-treatment THI and VAS scores in the T2 group compared to those in the T1 and T0 groups. The greatest (<i>p</i><0.05) percent difference was observed in the pre- and post-treatment THI (-36%) and VAS scores (-22.6%) of T2 patients. Likewise, the SF-36 scores improved significantly (<i>p</i><0.05) in the T2 group in varied parameters.Conclusions: <i>Ginkgo biloba</i>, along with antioxidants, can be a promising therapy for tinnitus patients, providing marked improvement in THI, VAS, and SF-36 scores.
Chauhan, Munish,Jeong, Woo Chul,Kim, Hyung Joong,Kwon, Oh In,Woo, Eung Je Informa UK Ltd. 2013 International journal of hyperthermia Vol.29 No.7
<P><I>Purpose</I>: The aim of this study was to show the potential of magnetic resonance electrical impedance tomography (MREIT) conductivity imaging in terms of its capability to detect ablated lesions and differentiate tissue conditions in liver radiofrequency (RF) ablation. <I>Materials and methods</I>: RF ablation procedures were performed in bovine livers using a LeVeen RF needle electrode. Ablation lesions were created using a power-controlled mode at 30, 50, and 70 W for 1, 3, and 5 min of exposure time, respectively. After the ablation, the liver was cut into several blocks including the ablated lesion, and positioned inside a phantom filled with agarose gel. Electrodes were attached on the side of the phantom and it was placed inside the MRI bore. For MREIT imaging, multi-spin-echo pulse sequence was used to obtain the magnetic flux density data according to the injection currents. <I>Results</I>: The conductivity of ablation lesions was significantly changed with the increase of exposure time (pKW < 0.01, Kruskal-Wallis test). With RF powers of 30 and 50 W, significant differences between the coagulation necrosis and hyperaemic rim were observed for more than 5 min and 3 min, respectively (pMW < 0.01, Mann-Whitney test). At 70 W, all cases showed significant differences except 3 min (pMW < 0.01). The positive correlation between the exposure time and tissue conductivity was observed in both two ablation areas (pSC < 0.01, Spearman correlation). <I>Conclusions</I>: This <I>ex vivo</I> feasibility study demonstrates that current MREIT conductivity imaging can detect liver RF ablation lesions without using any contrast media or additional MR scan.</P>
Chauhan, Surjeet Singh,Utreja, Kiran,Imdad, Mohammad,Ahmadullah, Md The Honam Mathematical Society 2017 호남수학학술지 Vol.39 No.1
In this paper, we introduce a new scheme namely: CUIA-iterative scheme and utilize the same to prove a strong convergence theorem for quasi contractive mappings in Banach spaces. We also establish the equivalence of our new iterative scheme with various iterative schemes namely: Picard, Mann, Ishikawa, Agarwal et al., Noor, SP, CR etc for quasi contractive mappings besides carrying out a comparative study of rate of convergences of involve iterative schemes. The present new iterative scheme converges faster than above mentioned iterative schemes whose detailed comparison carried out with the help of different tables and graphs prepared with the help of MATLAB.
FIXED POINT THEOREMS IN MENGER SPACES USING AN IMPLICIT RELATION
Chauhan, Sunny,Khan, M. Alamgir,Pant, B.D. The Honam Mathematical Society 2013 호남수학학술지 Vol.35 No.4
In 2008, Al-Thaga and Shahzad [Generalized I-nonexpansive selfmaps and invariant approximations, Acta Math. Sinica, 24(5) (2008), 867-876] introduced the notion of occasionally weakly compatible mappings in metric spaces. In this paper, we prove some common fixed point theorems for families of occasionally weakly compatible mappings in Menger spaces using an implicit relation. We also give an illustrative example to support our main result.
Role of Devnagari and Persian Script in Hindi-Urdu Controversy
Chauhan Karan Singh 한국인도학회 2011 印度硏究 Vol.16 No.2
Controversy regarding the language of the so-called ‘Hindustani’ area has been an important issue throughout British period which engulfed the Indian freedom movement. Hindi or ‘Hindui’ was the original form adopted and mentioned as such by the earliest of writers of Hindi. Later, word Urdu came into use to denote the same language called Hindi or Hindui, but with a Persian tilt. The common people continued to regard both forms as one language. Due to Moghal rule, Hindi and later Urdu written in Persian script became the official language of governance. When Britishers came to India they found a very interesting phenomena with regard to language and scripts pravelent in northern Hindi belt. Although the spoken language of the people was one, but it was written in a script, imposed from outside. They tried to confirm the real position by doing various language and script surveys and came to the conclusion that it would be better for communication and understanding if beside Persian script, ‘Nagari’ script is introduced in Government offices and courts etc. This angered the Muslim community who used to be in an advantageous position with Persian script. Although, language question was never a controversial issue among the common people of this area but due to the two different scripts, it got associated with communal feelings. The emergence of Sanskritized Hindi and Persianized Urdu was the direct outcome of this communal divide. Britishers tried to not only placate this but took full advantage of the issue for dividing people on communal lines. To create communal unity within freedom struggle, Gandhi Ji tried to bring ‘Hindustani’ into focus which represent the mix of both spoken Hindi and Urdu. He advocated one common language for both the communities which can be written either in Nagari or Persian script. It attracted lot of criticism from both sides. In such a charged atmosphere the question of National language or a National script became more and more controversial. Progressive cultural movement, being the most important literary movement in all Indian Languages, where both Hindi and Urdu writers worked together, tried to understand and solve the language and script problem. On the basis of its analysis and conclusions it mendated that Hindi written in Devnagari script should be the national language of the country and Urdu written in Persian should be regarded as close associate of it. Later, when Indian constitution was framed and implemented, in article 343 regarding the Official language of the Union it was written that ‘the official language of the Union shall be Hindi in Devnagari script.’
Chauhan, Sunil K.,Lee, Hyung Keun,Lee, Hyun Soo,Park, Eun Young,Jeong, Eunae,Dana, Reza American Heart Association, Inc. 2015 Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology Vol.35 No.7
<P><B>Objective—</B></P><P>In angiogenesis, circulating mononuclear cells are recruited to vascular lesions; however, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood.</P><P><B>Approach and Results—</B></P><P>Here, we characterize the functional role of protein tyrosine kinase 7 (PTK7)–expressing CD11b<SUP>+</SUP> mononuclear cells in vitro and in vivo using a mouse model of angiogenesis. Although the frequencies of PTK7<SUP>+</SUP>CD11b<SUP>+</SUP> cells in the bone marrow remained similar after vascular endothelial growth factor-A–induced neovascularization, we observed an 11-fold increase in the cornea. Importantly, vascular endothelial growth factor-A–induced chemotaxis of PTK7<SUP>+</SUP> cells was mediated by vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2. In a coculture with endothelial cells, PTK7<SUP>+</SUP>CD11b<SUP>+</SUP> cells stabilized the vascular network for 2 weeks by expressing high levels of angiopoietin-1. The enhanced vascular stability was abolished by knockdown of angiopoietin-1 in PTK7<SUP>+</SUP>CD11b<SUP>+</SUP> cells and could be restored by angiopoietin-1 treatment.</P><P><B>Conclusions—</B></P><P>We conclude that PTK7 expression in perivascular mononuclear cells induces vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 and angiopoietin-1 expression and thus contributes to vascular stabilization in angiogenesis.</P>