Which Environmental Factors Caused Lammas Shoot Growth of Korean Red Pine?

Lee, Chang-Seok,Song, Hye-Gyung,Kim, Hye-Soo,Lee, Bit-Na-Ra,Pi, Jeong-Hoon,Cho, Yong-Chan,Seol, Eun-Sil,Oh, Woo-Seok,Park, Sung-Ae,Lee, Seon-Mi The Ecological Society of Korea 2007 Journal of Ecology and Environment Vol.30 No.1

Lammas growth, a rare phenomenon for Korean red pine (Pinus densiflora), occurred in 2006. Lammas shoots showed higher frequency and longer length in Seoul's hotter urban center than in urban boundary or suburban forest sites. Frequency and length showed a close correlation with urbanization density and vegetation cover expressed in NDVI. Air temperature in the late summer of 2006 was more than $1^{\circ}C$ higher than an average year. Of the predominant environmental signals that modulate bud flush, only temperature changed significantly during the year. Differences in temperature between the urban centers, urban boundaries and suburban forests correlated with varying land-use density. The rise in temperature likely spurred lammas growth of the Korean red pine. Symptoms of climate change are being detected throughout the world, and its consequences will be clearer in the future. Considerate interest in the responses of ecological systems to the variable changes is required to prepare for unforeseeable crises. Monitoring of diverse ecological phenomena at Long Term Ecological Research sites could offer harbingers of change.

Image Contrast Enhancement by Illumination Change Detection

Bayanmunkh Odgerel(바잉뭉흐 어드게렐),Chang Hoon Lee(이창훈) 한국지능시스템학회 2014 한국지능시스템학회논문지 Vol.24 No.2

영상처리를 통한 이동 물체 인식과 화질 개선 등의 연구에서 조명 변화가 성능에 큰 영향을 미치기 때문에 조명 변환에 대한 대응은 컴퓨터 비전 응용 분야에서의 중요한 관심사 중 하나이다. 조명 변화를 감지할 수 있게 되면 변화가 있는 시점에서부터 적절한 개선 알고리즘을 적용함으로써 인식률 향상 및 화질 개선 효과를 증대시킬 수 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 급격한 조명 변화를 감지함에 있어 실시간성을 얻기 위하여 지역 정보를 이요하고 퍼지 논리를 도입하여 이를 효과적으로 감지하는 방법을 제안한다. 급격한 조명 변화를 감지하는 효과적인 방법으로 모서리 영역과 가운데 영역에 대한 각각의 히스토그램의 평균과 편차, 그리고 변화 추이를 반영하기 위하여 이전 프레임의 각 영역에 대한 히스토그램의 평균과 편차와의 변화량을 입력으로 급격한 조명 변화가 있을 때 입력 값의 변화 패턴을 퍼지 규칙으로 만들어 조명 변화를 감지 하도록 하였다. 또한 움직이는 물체에 가려 발생하는 변화와 구별하기 위하여 전체 영역에 대한 평균과 편차 변화량을 도입하여 논리적으로 추론하여 차이를 구별할 수 있도록 하였고 점진적으로 조명이 변화하는 것을 감지할 수 있도록 하였다. 다양한 테스트 데이터에 대해 객관적인 정확도 측정 기법을 이용하여 민감도와 특이도를 계산하여 제안한 방법의 효용성을 보였다. 적응형 뉴로-퍼지 추론시스템을 도입하여 대비제한 적응 히스토그램 평활화 (CLAHE)의 매개 변수를 자동으로 선택할 수 있는 방법을 제안하여 급격한 조명의 변화를 감지한 결과를 바탕으로 화질을 개선할 수 있음을 보였다. There are many image processing based algorithms and applications that fail when illumination change occurs. Therefore, the illumination change has to be detected then the illumination change occurred images need to be enhanced in order to keep the appropriate algorithm processing in a reality. In this paper, a new method for detecting illumination changes efficiently in a real time by using local region information and fuzzy logic is introduced. The effective way for detecting illumination changes in lighting area and the edge of the area was selected to analyze the mean and variance of the histogram of each area and to reflect the changing trends on previous frame’s mean and variance for each area of the histogram. The ways are used as an input. The changes of mean and variance make different patterns when illumination change occurs. Fuzzy rules were defined based on the patterns of the input for detecting illumination changes. Proposed method was tested with different dataset through the evaluation metrics; in particular, the specificity, recall and precision showed high rates. An automatic parameter selection method was proposed for contrast limited adaptive histogram equalization method by using entropy of image through adaptive neural fuzzy inference system. The results showed that the contrast of images could be enhanced. The proposed algorithm is robust to detect global illumination change ,and it is also computationally efficient in real applications.

Long second toe: its nail and skin changes

( Geun-hwi Park ),( Woo-il Kim ),( Min-young Yang ),( Won-ku Lee ),( Tae-wook Kim ),( Sung-min Park ),( Hyun-joo Lee ),( Gun-wook Kim ),( Hoon-soo Kim ),( Hyun-chang Ko ),( Byung-soo Kim ),( Moon-bum 대한피부과학회 2018 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.70 No.2

Background: Nail can be affected by trauma, infection, and systematic disorders. In particular, the toe nails are exposed to the repeated and cumulative minor traumas, which usually result in thickened, splitted, and discolorated nails. Considering these, it can be inferred that the long second toe can be related to various nail and skin changes by repeated minor traumas such as friction in shoes, but the study or report on this topic hasn’t been done yet. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to introduce various nail and skin changes on long second toe. Methods: We analyzed the kinds of nail/skin changes of 50 patients with long second toe, enrolled at Pusan National University Hospitals (Busan and Yangsan) from 2013 to 2018. Results: There was no significant difference in the incidence of left and right toe and toenail, and 7 (14%) patients presented bilateral distribution. The most common nail change on long second toe was melanonychia (23, 46%), followed by subungual hematoma (15, 30%), onycholysis (2, 4%), subungual hyperkeratosis (2, 4%), onychomadesis (1, 2%), and retronychia (1, 2%). The most common skin change was corn (9, 18%), followed by paronychia (2, 4%). Twenty (20/50, 40%) patients also had other toe or toenail changes. Among them, the most common site was big toe/nail (13, 62%), and the most common change was subungual hematoma (8, 42%). Conclusion: Through this study, the dermatologists can recognize and diagnose the nail and skin changes of long second toe.

Effects of DK-002, a synthesized (6aS,cis)-9,10-Dimethoxy-7,11b-dihydro-indeno[2,1-c]chromene-3,6a-diol, on platelet activity

Lee, Ki-Seon,Khil, Lee-Yong,Chae, Sang-Ho,Kim, Deukjoon,Lee, Byung-Hoon,Hwang, Gwi-Seo,Moon, Chang-Hyun,Chang, Tong-Shin,Moon, Chang-Kiu 이화여자대학교 약학연구소 2008 藥學硏究論文集 Vol.- No.17

In the present study, the mechanism of antiplatelet activity of DK.-002, a synthesized (6aS,cis)-9.10-Dimethoxy-7,11b-dihydro-indeno|2,1-c ]chroniene-3.6a-diol, was investigated. DK-002 inhibited the thrombin, collagen, and ADP-induced rat platelet aggregation in a concentration- dependent manner, with 1C_(50) values of 120. 27, and 47 μM, respectively. DK-002 also inhibited thrombin-induced dense granule secretion, thromboxane A_(2) synthesis, and [Ca^(2+)], elevation in platelets. DK-002 did not show any significant effect on ADP-induced inhibition of cyclic AMP elevation by prostaglandin E_(1). but DK-002 was confirmed to inhibit ADP-induced [Ca^(2+)] elevation and shape change. DK-002 inhibited 4- bronw-A23187-induced [Ca^(2+)], elevation in the presence of creatine phosphate/creatine phosphokinase (CP/CPK, a ADP scavenging system) and indomethacin (a specific inhibitor of cyclooxygenase). DK-002 also inhibited Ca^(2+) mobilization in thrombin- or 4-bromo-A23187-stimulated platelets through its inhibitory effects on both Ca^(2+) release from intracellular stores and Ca^(2+) influx, in the presence of CP/CPK and indomethacin. Taken together, the present study shows that DK-002 has inhibitory effects on stimulation of platelets, and suggests that its antiplatelet activity might be related to the inhibitory mechanism on Ca^(2+) mobilization in stimulated platelets. ⓒ 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Effects of aerosol on evaporation, freezing and precipitation in a multiple cloud system

Lee, Seoung Soo,Kim, Byung-Gon,Yum, Seong Soo,Seo, Kyong-Hwan,Jung, Chang-Hoon,Um, Jun Shik,Li, Zhanqing,Hong, JinKyu,Chang, Ki-Ho,Jeong, Jin-Yim Springer-Verlag 2017 Climate dynamics Vol.48 No.3

<P>Aerosol effects on clouds and precipitation account for a large portion of uncertainties in the prediction of the future course of global hydrologic circulations and climate. As a process of a better understanding of interactions between aerosol, clouds and precipitation, simulations are performed for a mixed-phase convective multiple-cloud system over the tropics. Studies on single-cloud systems have shown that aerosol-induced increases in freezing, associated increases in parcel buoyancy and thus the intensity of clouds (or updrafts) are a main mechanism which controls aerosol-cloud-precipitation interactions in convective clouds. However, in the multiple-cloud system that plays much more important roles in global hydrologic circulations and thus climate than single-cloud systems, aerosol effects on condensation play the most important role in aerosol-induced changes in the intensity of clouds and the effects on freezing play a negligible role in those changes. Aerosol-induced enhancement in evaporation intensifies gust fronts and increases the number of subsequently developing clouds, which leads to the substantial increases in condensation and associated intensity of convection. Although aerosol-induced enhancement in freezing takes part in the increases in condensation by inducing stronger convergence around cloud bottom, the increases in condensation are similar to one order of magnitude larger than those in freezing. It is found that while aerosol-induced increases in freezing create intermittent extremely heavy precipitation, aerosol-induced increases in evaporation enhance light and medium precipitation in the multiple-cloud system here. This increase in light and medium precipitation makes it possible that cumulative precipitation increases with increasing aerosol concentration, although the increase is small. It is interesting that the altitude of the maximum of the time- and domain-averaged hydrometeor mass densities is quite robust to increases in aerosol concentration. This is because locations of gust fronts and homogeneous freezing do not vary significantly with changing aerosol concentration and this outweighs aerosol effects on hydrometeor size.</P>

Optically isotropic switchable microlens arrays based on liquid crystal

Lee, You-Jin,Yu, Chang-Jae,Lee, Jae-Ho,Baek, Ji-Ho,Kim, Youngsik,Kim, Jae-Hoon The Optical Society 2014 Applied optics Vol.53 No.17

<P>We present an optically isotropic switchable microlens array (MLA) based on liquid crystals (LCs) using the Joule heating electrode structure. The LC molecules were initially aligned vertically on the lens and electrode surfaces. By applying voltage to the transparent electrodes, the temperature of the LC layer could be changed. Above the clearing point temperature of LCs, the LC layer shows an averaged refractive index that differs from the nematic state refractive index. The MLA could have switching characteristics by index matching between the LC layer and polymer lens structure. The proposed switchable MLA shows high light efficiency with truly optically isotropic properties.</P>

Structure and Property Modification of Bimodal Molecular Weight Distribution Polyethylene by Electron Beam Irradiation

Lee, Sang-Man,Jeon, Hye-Jin,Choi, Sun-Woong,Song, Hyun-Hoon,Nho, Young-Chang,Cho, Kyu-Cheol The Polymer Society of Korea 2006 Macromolecular Research Vol.14 No.6

Polyethylene of bimodal molecular weight distribution was irradiated with an electron beam. The thermal and mechanical properties were examined by DSC, small and wide angle X-ray scattering and static tensile test according to the crystal morphology of the irradiated samples. The crystal morphology change upon irradiation, as revealed by wide angle X-ray scattering, correlated well with the changes in melting enthalpy, whereas the lamellar thickness and the amorphous gap thickness remained virtually unchanged at irradiation doses up to 500 kGy. Crosslinks in the crystal domains became evident at an energy level of 250 kGy, resulting in reduced crystallinity and crystal size of the (110) and (200) planes. The samples became stiff and brittle with increased irradiation dose, which seem to be more relevant to the amount of cross links than the crystal morphology changes.

Investigation of channel mobility in AlGaN/GaN high-electron-mobility transistors

Chang, Sung-Jae,Kang, Hee-Sung,Lee, Jae-Hoon,Yang, Jie,Bhuiyan, Maruf,Jo, Young-Woo,Cui, Sharon,Lee, Jung-Hee,Ma, Tso-Ping Institute of Pure and Applied Physics 2016 Japanese Journal of Applied Physics Vol.55 No.4

<P>We have investigated the channel mobility in the gated region of a set of high-quality AlGaN/GaN high-electron-mobility transistors (HEMTs). The resistances in the contact, access, and gated regions were extracted from straightforward I-D(V-G) measurements on sets of HEMTs with four different gate-to-drain distances. By correcting for the effects of the contact and access resistances, much more accurate effective mobility curves in the gated region, compared to those reported in the past, have been obtained. The maximum effective mobility in that region has been found to be 1100cm(2)V(-1) s(-1) at carrier density n(s) = 7 x 10(12)cm(-2) at room temperature. We have extracted the mobility curves in a wide range of temperatures (80 to 520 K) and carrier concentrations (up to 1.3 x 10(13)cm(-2)). Our systematic measurements have revealed various dominant scattering mechanisms as the temperature and carrier concentration change. (C) 2016 The Japan Society of Applied Physics</P>

Changes of soil organic carbon and its fractions in relation to soil physical properties in a long-term fertilized paddy

Lee, Seul Bi,Lee, Chang Hoon,Jung, Ki Yuol,Park, Ki Do,Lee, Dokyoung,Kim, Pil Joo Elsevier 2009 Soil & tillage research Vol.104 No.2

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Soil organic carbon (SOC) has an important role in improving soil quality and sustainable production. A long-term fertilization study was conducted to investigate changes in SOC and its relation to soil physical properties in a rice paddy soil. The paddy soils analyzed were subjected to different fertilization practices: continuous application of inorganic fertilizers (NPK, N–P–K=120–34.9–66.7kgha<SUP>−1</SUP>yr<SUP>−1</SUP> during 1967–1972 and 150–43.7–83.3kgha<SUP>−1</SUP>yr<SUP>−1</SUP> from 1973 to 2007), straw based compost (Compost, 10Mgha<SUP>−1</SUP>yr<SUP>−1</SUP>), a combination of NPK+Compost, and no fertilization (control). Soil physical properties were investigated at rice harvesting stage in the 41st year for analyzing the relationship with SOC fraction. Continuous compost application increased the total SOC concentration in plough layers and improved soil physical properties. In contrast, inorganic or no fertilization markedly decreased SOC concentration resulting to a deterioration of soil physical health. Most of the SOC was the organo-mineral fraction (<0.053mm size), accounting for over 70% of total SOC. Macro-aggregate SOC fraction (2–0.25mm size), which is used as an indicator of soil quality rather than total SOC, covered 8–17% of total SOC. These two SOC fractions accumulated with the same tendency as the total SOC changes. Comparatively, micro-aggregate SOC (0.25–0.053mm size), which has high correlation with physical properties, significantly decreased with time, irrespective of the inorganic fertilizers or compost application, but the mechanism of decrease is not clear. Conclusively, compost increased total SOC content and effective SOC fraction, thereby improving soil physical properties and sustaining production.</P>

Pulmonary Inflammatory Pseudotumor with Solitary Plasmacytoma of Bone Mimicking Advanced Lung Cancer

( Chang Hoon Kim ),( Jae Seok Jeong ),( Yong Chul Lee ),( So Ri Kim ),( Yeong Hun Choe ),( Seung Yong Park ) 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2020 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 추계학술대회 초록집 Vol.128 No.-

Lung cancer has been the most commonly diagnosed type of cancer and the leading cause of cancer related mortality in Korea and worldwide. Although it is fatal, most of the lung cancer patient are asymptomatic at the time of diagnosis. Therefore, radiologic screening by chest low-dose computerized tomography (LDCT) has been recommended by lung cancer specialists for early detection and improving survival. However, clinical suspicion of lung cancer by radiologic screening is quite challenging because of its high false positive rate. A wide range of benign pulmonary diseases could be misinterpreted as lung malignancy on LDCT, including infection, benign mass-forming lesion, and inflammatory changes. Therefore, physician should consider the possibility of the benign disease entities when radiologic features suggest lung malignancy. Herein, we report a case of a 50-year-old man presenting a 4.5-cm lung mass in the right upper lobe with solitary osteolytic lesion of the right 8th rib. Under the suspicion of metastatic lung cancer, the lung mass and the right 8th rib were surgically resected for the diagnostic and curative purpose. After the tissue biopsy, unexpectedly, the lung mass was diagnosed as inflammatory pseudotumor. Furthermore, histopathology of the resected rib showed solitary plasmacytoma of the bone. Our experience highlights the importance of clinical suspicion that in patients with radiologic features compatible to advanced lung cancer could be caused by coexistence of unrelated two uncommon disease entities, which can be completely treatable with surgical resection.