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Rivas, Bernabé,L.,Pooley, S. Amalia,Pereira, Eduardo D.,Cid, Rocí,o,Luna, Maribel,Jara, M. Antonieta,Geckeler, Kurt E. Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2005 Journal of applied polymer science Vol.96 No.1
<P>The commercial polymers poly(ethylene imine) (PEI), poly(ethylene imine epichlorohydrin), and poly(dimethylamine-co-epichlorohydrin) were purified and fractionated by ultrafiltration. Their metal-ion-binding properties with respect to different ligand groups and the effect of the concentration on the retention properties were investigated. The amine ligands of the polymers formed the most stable complexes with the metal ions. In general, there was an effect of the pH and polymer fraction size on the retention properties. As the pH and polymer fraction size increased, the affinity to bind metal ions also increased. PEI had the highest metal-retention values, particularly at higher pHs, at which the amine groups were nonprotonated and could coordinate easily with the metal ions. Only Pb(II) was poorly retained. The affinity for all the metal ions, except Pb(II), increased significantly at pH 5. The metal-ion retention decreased quickly as the filtration factor increased, except for Cu(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cd(II), and Zn(II) ions, which were retained by over 40% at a filtration factor of 4. For other metal ions such as Pb(II), Ca(II), and Mg(II), only 10% remained bound to the polymer. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 96: 222–231, 2005</P>
Polyelectrolyte-assisted removal of metal ions with ultrafiltration
Rivas, Bernabé,L.,Pereira, Eduardo,Cid, Rocí,o,Geckeler, Kurt E. Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2005 Journal of applied polymer science Vol.95 No.5
<P>The water-soluble polymers poly(styrene sulfonic acid-co-maleic acid) and poly(acrylic acid-co-maleic acid) were investigated with respect to their metal-ion-binding ability with ultrafiltration. The studied metal ions included Ag(I), Cu(II), Ni(II), Co(II), Ca(II), Mg(II), Pb(II), Cd(II), Zn(II), Al(III), and Cr(III) ions. The retention properties of the polyelectrolytes for the metal ions depended strongly on the ligand type. As for the carboxylate ligands, with increasing concentration and pH, the metal-binding affinity increased. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 95: 1091–1099, 2005</P>
Rivas, Bernabé,L.,Maureira, Antonio,Geckeler, Kurt E. Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2006 Journal of applied polymer science Vol.101 No.1
<P>Poly(4-acryloylmorpholine), poly(4-acryloylmorpholine-co-2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid), and poly(2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid) were synthesized by radical polymerization. The water-soluble polymers obtained, containing tertiary amino, amide, and sulfonic acid groups, were investigated, in view of their metal binding properties, as polychelatogens by using the liquid-phase polymer-based retention technique, under different experimental conditions. The metal ions investigated were Ag(I), Cu(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cd(II), Pb(II), Zn(II), Cr(III), and Al(III). © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 101: 180–185, 2006</P>
Rivas, Bernabé,L.,Pooley, S. Amalia,Pereira, Eduardo,Montoya, Erika,Cid, Rocí,o,Geckeler, Kurt E. John Wiley Sons, Ltd. 2006 Polymers for advanced technologies Vol.17 No.11
<P>The commercial, water-soluble poly(sodium anetole sulfonate) (PAnS), poly(sodium vinylsulfonate) (PVS), and poly(sodium 4-styrene sulfonate) (PStyS) were investigated as metal ion binding reagents using the liquid-phase-polymer-based retention (LPR) technique. The retention profiles of the following metal ions: Co(II), Ni(II), Ca(II), Mg(II), Pb(II), Cd(II), Zn(II), Cr(III), and Cu(II) were obtained by the LPR technique at pH 3, 5, and 7, and by changing the filtration factor Z from 0 to 10. As the pH increased, the affinity towards the metal ions increased slightly. By increasing the filtration factor Z, the affinity for the metal ions did not decrease significantly. This means that the ligand–metal interaction was strong, and it is not possible to break it by washing with water at the same pH of the filtration cell. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</P>
Pizarro, Guadalupe Del C.,Marambio, Oscar G.,Jeria-Orell, Manuel,Huerta, Margarita R.,Rodrí,guez, Oscar O.,Rivas, Bernabé,L.,Geckeler, Kurt E. Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2007 Journal of applied polymer science Vol.105 No.5
<P>This article reports the synthesis of poly(N-maleoylglycine-co-itaconic acid) by radical copolymerization under different feed mole ratios and its properties to remove various metal ions, such as Cu(II), Cr(III), Co(II), Zn(II), Ni(II), Pb(II), Cd(II), and Fe(III), in aqueous phase with the liquid-phase polymer-based retention(LPR) technique. The interactions of inorganic ions with the hydrophilic water-soluble polymer were determined as a function of pH and filtration factor. Metal ion retention was found to strongly depend on the pH. Metal ion retention increased as pH and MG content units in the macromolecular backbone increased. The copolymers were characterized by elemental analysis, FTIR, <SUP>1</SUP>H-NMR, and <SUP>13</SUP>C-NMR spectroscopy. Additionally, intrinsic viscosity, molecular weight, and polydispersity have been determined for the copolymers. Copolymer and polymer–metal complex thermal behavior was studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetry (TG) techniques under nitrogen atmosphere. The thermal decomposition temperatures (TDT) were influenced by the copolymer composition. The copolymers present lower TDT than the polymer–metal complex with the same copolymer composition. All copolymers present a single T<SUB>g</SUB>, indicating the formation of random copolymers. A slight deviation of the T<SUB>g</SUB> for the copolymers and its complexes can be observed. The copolymer T<SUB>g</SUB> is higher than the T<SUB>g</SUB> value for the polymer–metal complexes. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007</P>