Molecular Marker Development and Gene Cloning for Diverse Disease Resistance in Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.): Current Status and Prospects

Geleta Dugassa Barka,이준대 한국육종학회 2020 Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Vol.8 No.2

The production of chili pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is hindered by several biotic factors even though stridingprogresses were made in genetic improvement in the last two decades. Among the advancements were the fast-track geneticimprovement of disease-resistant varieties by the use of marker-assisted selection (MAS) and the conventional breeding-based introgressionof major resistance genes. Marker development, marker-based identification and fine mapping have revealed a large numberof resistance genes, from which cloning of some candidate genes demonstrated the applicability and versatility of map-based cloningfor disease resistance. In some of the recent fine mapping of disease resistance QTLs, closely linked DNA markers were identified,which in turn resulted in the rapid introgression of target gene(s) into breeding lines. Also, progresses were made on the characterizationand map-based cloning of resistance genes conferring broad-spectrum resistance. As the number of identified and characterizedresistance genes and the DNA markers linked to resistance genes are steadily generated, the development of multiple/durable resistanceto major chili pepper diseases is accelerated by MAS. In the present review, the development of molecular markers, marker-basedmapping of genes conferring resistance to ten major chili pepper diseases were discussed, focusing on the recent advancements in majorand QTL-spanning resistance gene mapping. The review provides up-to-date insights into the development of DNA markers linked todisease resistance genes and the cloning of resistance genes, which are all so crucial in pepper breeding for disease resistance.

Mechanical Properties Analysis of 4340 Steel Specimen Heat Treated in Oven and Quenching in Three Different Fluids

Rachid Fakir,Noureddine Barka,Jean Brousseau 대한금속·재료학회 2018 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.24 No.5

This paper proposes a statistical approach to analyze the mechanical properties of a standard test specimen, of cylindricalgeometry and in steel 4340, with a diameter of 6 mm, heat-treated and quenched in three different fl uids. Samples were evaluatedin standard tensile test to access their characteristic quantities: hardness, modulus of elasticity, yield strength, tensilestrength and ultimate deformation. The proposed approach is gradually being built (a) by a presentation of the experimentaldevice, (b) a presentation of the experimental plan and the results of the mechanical tests, (c) anova analysis of varianceand a representation of the output responses using the RSM response surface method, and (d) an analysis of the results anddiscussion. The feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed approach leads to a precise and reliable model capable of predictingthe variation of mechanical properties, depending on the tempering temperature, the tempering time and the coolingcapacity of the quenching medium.

Thermal post-buckling behavior of imperfect temperature-dependent sandwich FGM plates resting on Pasternak elastic foundation

Abdelouahed Tounsi,Merbouha Barka,Kouider Halim Benrahou,Ahmed Bakora 국제구조공학회 2016 Steel and Composite Structures, An International J Vol.22 No.1

In this paper, post-buckling behavior of sandwich plates with functionally graded (FG) face sheets under uniform temperature rise loading is examined based on both sinusoidal shear deformation theory and stress function. It is supposed that the sandwich plate is in contact with an elastic foundation during deformation, which acts in both compression and tension. Thermo-elastic non-homogeneous properties of FG layers change smoothly by the variation of power law within the thickness, and temperature dependency of material constituents is considered in the formulation. In the present development, Von Karman nonlinearity and initial geometrical imperfection of sandwich plate are also taken into account. By employing Galerkin method, analytical solutions of thermal buckling and postbuckling equilibrium paths for simply supported plates are determined. Numerical examples presented in the present study discuss the effects of gradient index, sandwich plate geometry, geometrical imperfection, temperature dependency, and the elastic foundation parameters.

Prediction of the hardness profile of an AISI 4340 steel cylinder heat-treated by laser - 3D and artificial neural networks modelling and experimental validation

Mahdi Hadhri,Abderazzak El Ouafi,Noureddine Barka 대한기계학회 2017 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.31 No.2

This paper presents a comprehensive approach developed to design an effective prediction model for hardness profile in laser surface transformation hardening process. Based on finite element method and Artificial neural networks, the proposed approach is built progressively by (i) examining the laser hardening parameters and conditions known to have an influence on the hardened surface attributes through a structured experimental investigation, (ii) investigating the laser hardening parameters effects on the hardness profile through extensive 3D modeling and simulation efforts and (ii) integrating the hardening process parameters via neural network model for hardness profile prediction. The experimental validation conducted on AISI4340 steel using a commercial 3 kW Nd:Yag laser, confirm the feasibility and efficiency of the proposed approach leading to an accurate and reliable hardness profile prediction model. With a maximum relative error of about 10 % under various practical conditions, the predictive model can be considered as effective especially in the case of a relatively complex system such as laser surface transformation hardening process.

Multi-Objective Optimization of Process Parameters in Resistance Spot Welding of A36 Mild Steel and Hot Dipped Galvanized Steel Sheets Using Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm

B. V. Feujofack Kemda,N. Barka,M. Jahazi,D. Osmani 대한금속·재료학회 2022 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.28 No.2

Industry is constantly moving towards an increasing of production speed while minimizing production costs. This paperpresents an efficient method for minimizing production times and energies through optimization of process parameters inresistance spot welding (RSW). Two grades of steel were used in this study, ASTM A36 steel and A653 hot dipped galvanizedsteel. Welding was done in overlap configuration, grade for grade, while following complete factorial plans. Micrographicanalysis revealed welds microstructure while micro-indentation hardness tests enabled to establish hardness profiles alongweld nuggets. Tensile-shear tests have been carried out in order to quantify the mechanical strength of welds. Analysis ofvariance showed that welding current is the most significant parameter and contributes for about 70% to welds mechanicalstrength. The ratio of hardness in the fusion zone to nugget surface area was found to be correlated with the failure modeof welded specimens. On that basis, a multi-objective optimization of the process parameters, through the non-dominatedsorting genetic algorithm was performed. This optimization resulted in a reduction of current, electrode pressing force andwelding time of 10.58%, 13.59% and 32.61% respectively. Optimized parameters were then assessed trough tensile-sheartesting of welded specimens, all specimens passed the validation tests by experiencing failure in the base metal.

Modeling of Phase Transformation Kinetics in Resistance Spot Welding and Investigation of Effect of Post Weld Heat Treatment on Weld Microstructure

B. V. Feujofack Kemda,N. Barka,M. Jahazi,D. Osmani 대한금속·재료학회 2021 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.27 No.5

In recent years, the usage of dual phase (DP) steels, transformation induced plasticity (TRIP) steels and boron steels in someauto body parts has become a necessity because of their strength and lightweight. Resistance spot welding (RSW) being aprocess were steel is heated and cooled in a very short period of time, the resulting weld nugget is generally fully martensitic,especially in the case of DP, TRIP and boron steels but that also holds for plain carbon steels as AISI 1010 grade whichis extensively used in auto body inner parts. Martensite in is turn must be avoided as much as possible when welding steelbecause it is the principal source of brittleness. Thus, this work aims in finding a mean to reduce martensite fraction andincrease phase diversity in weld nugget. The prediction of phase transformation during RSW has been done. Simulationshave been performed for 2 mm AISI 1010 sheets and results show that the application of post weld heat treatment leads tothe reduction of martensite fraction, and formation of ferrite and bainite in the nugget. Welding experiments have been donein parallel and experimental weld nugget geometry is in good agreement with simulation results.

Linking transcriptional and genetic tumor heterogeneity through allele analysis of single-cell RNA-seq data

Fan, Jean,Lee, Hae-Ock,Lee, Soohyun,Ryu, Da-eun,Lee, Semin,Xue, Catherine,Kim, Seok Jin,Kim, Kihyun,Barkas, Nikolaos,Park, Peter J.,Park, Woong-Yang,Kharchenko, Peter V. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press 2018 Genome research Vol.28 No.8

<P>Characterization of intratumoral heterogeneity is critical to cancer therapy, as the presence of phenotypically diverse cell populations commonly fuels relapse and resistance to treatment. Although genetic variation is a well-studied source of intratumoral heterogeneity, the functional impact of most genetic alterations remains unclear. Even less understood is the relative importance of other factors influencing heterogeneity, such as epigenetic state or tumor microenvironment. To investigate the relationship between genetic and transcriptional heterogeneity in a context of cancer progression, we devised a computational approach called HoneyBADGER to identify copy number variation and loss of heterozygosity in individual cells from single-cell RNA-sequencing data. By integrating allele and normalized expression information, HoneyBADGER is able to identify and infer the presence of subclone-specific alterations in individual cells and reconstruct the underlying subclonal architecture. By examining several tumor types, we show that HoneyBADGER is effective at identifying deletions, amplifications, and copy-neutral loss-of-heterozygosity events and is capable of robustly identifying subclonal focal alterations as small as 10 megabases. We further apply HoneyBADGER to analyze single cells from a progressive multiple myeloma patient to identify major genetic subclones that exhibit distinct transcriptional signatures relevant to cancer progression. Other prominent transcriptional subpopulations within these tumors did not line up with the genetic subclonal structure and were likely driven by alternative, nonclonal mechanisms. These results highlight the need for integrative analysis to understand the molecular and phenotypic heterogeneity in cancer.</P>

Antagonistic effectiveness of Anacardium occidentale leaf extract on lead acetate exposure induced hepatorenal toxicity in rats

Aisha Aminu,Hauwa Onozasi Umar,Wusa Makena,Zakaria Alhaji Isa,Zainab Muhammad Goni,Onyinoyi Bethel Onimisi,Barka Ishaku 환경독성보건학회 2023 환경독성보건학회지 Vol.38 No.4

Lead (Pb) poisoning is an environmental substance that accumulates in the hepato-renal tissue, which is hazardous to health, while Anacardium occidentale L. is a tropical herb used to treat oxidative stress and inflammatory diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the antagonistic effect of Anacardium occidentale leaf extract on lead acetate exposure-induced hepatorenal toxicity in rats. Thirty-six adult Wistar rats were split into six equal groups (n = 6). Group I served as a control, and groups II and III were administered lead acetate (50 mg/kg) and Anacardium occidentale leaf extract (400 mg/kg), respectively, while rats in groups IV–VI were administered Anacardium occidentale (L) extract (200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg) and 10 mg/kg of Succimer, respectively, and were then administered lead acetate (50 mg/kg). When compared to the group I, rats administered lead acetate showed an increase in hepatic enzymes, urea, creatinine, MDA, TNF-α, and IL-1β (p < 0.001) levels and decreased levels of SOD, CAT, and GSH, whereas Anacardium occidentale prevented the increase in hepatorenal function parameters, oxidative stress, and inflammatory markers (TNF-α and IL-1β) induced by lead acetate. Rats administered only lead acetate had a marked increase in hepatic Pb concentration, severe hepatic steatosis, and renal glomerulus degeneration. However, treatment with Anacardium occidentale extract and succimer decreases the Pb concentration, oxidative stress, and inflammation, and also reduces histological liver steatosis and glomerular cytoarchitecture deterioration in the kidney. The results of this study revealed that Anacardium occidentale extract protects against lead acetate-induced liver and kidney toxicity by decreasing oxidative stress and inflammation.

THE 2014 ALMA LONG BASELINE CAMPAIGN: OBSERVATIONS OF THE STRONGLY LENSED SUBMILLIMETER GALAXY HATLAS J090311.6+003906 AT <i>z</i> = 3.042

Vlahakis, C.,Hunter, T. R.,Hodge, J. A.,Pé,rez, L. M.,Andreani, P.,Brogan, C. L.,Cox, P.,Martin, S.,Zwaan, M.,Matsushita, S.,Dent, W. R. F.,Impellizzeri, C. M. V.,Fomalont, E. B.,Asaki, Y.,Barka IOP Publishing 2015 ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS - Vol.808 No.1

<P>We present initial results of very high resolution Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) observations of the z = 3.042 gravitationally lensed submillimeter galaxy HATLAS J090311.6+003906 (SDP. 81). These observations were carried out using a very extended configuration as part of Science Verification for the 2014 ALMA Long Baseline Campaign, with baselines of up to similar to 15 km. We present continuum imaging at 151, 236, and 290 GHz at unprecedented angular resolutions as fine as 23 mas, corresponding to an unmagnified spatial scale of similar to 180 pc at z = 3.042. The ALMA images clearly show two main gravitational arc components of an Einstein ring, with emission tracing a radius of similar to 1 ''.5. We also present imaging of CO J = 10 - 9, J = 8 - 7, and J = 5 - 4 and H2O (202-111) line emission. The CO emission, at an angular resolution of similar to 170 mas, is found to broadly trace the gravitational arc structures but with differing morphologies between the CO transitions and compared to the dust continuum. Our detection of H2O line emission, using only the shortest baselines, provides the most resolved detection to date of thermal H2O emission in an extragalactic source. The ALMA continuum and spectral line fluxes are consistent with previous Plateau de Bure Interferometer and Submillimeter Array observations despite the impressive increase in angular resolution. Finally, we detect weak unresolved continuum emission from a position that is spatially coincident with the center of the lens, with a spectral index that is consistent with emission from the core of the foreground lensing galaxy.</P>