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- 검색키워드
- 저자 : Zwaan, M. (검색결과 6 건)
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Current Issues & Prospects of International Space Law
Zwaan, Tanja Masson Korea Society of Air Space Law and Policy 2010 한국항공우주정책·법학회지 Vol.25 No.1
This paper first gives a brief overview of the history of space law making in the international geopolitical context and recalls some of the main principles as elaborated in the framework of the United Nations. Next, several topics are discussed that will require the attention of space lawyers in the near future. They are the International Space Station, space debris, exploitation of space resources, space tourism, private property rights in space, and militarization and weaponization of space. The paper raises some questions in each of these areas that need to be addressed and concludes that the general legal framework for space activities under public international law as contained in the UN treaties is in place, and is sufficiently general and flexible to enable and encourage states to carry out space activities in an orderly manner. However, as demonstrated by the examples discussed in the paper, the time has come for the international community to agree on the further development of these general principles, starting perhaps with space debris, imminent 'new' uses of space such as space tourism, or some of the 'age old' issues such as the weaponisation of outer space that will continue to require our attention and vigilance. Whether such rules can be in the form of non binding guidelines, codes of conduct and the like, or should be embodied in solid legal instruments creating rights and obligations remains to be seen.
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Recent Developments In Eu Space Policy and Law
( Tanja Masson Zwaan ) 한국항공우주법학회 2010 한국항공우주정책·법학회지 Vol.25 No.2
This paper starts with a brief overview of the history of the European Space Agency and recalls some of its main features. Next, the gradual process of cooperation between ESA and the EU is outlined, leading to the creation of the Framework Agreement in 2004 and the adoption of the European Space Policy in 2007. The entry into force of the Lisbon Treaty in 2009 codified the space competence of the EU, and its implications are addressed. Lastly, some attention is paid to the issue of space security in Europe, through ESA`s new SSA programme adopted in 2008, and to the relevance of the EU Council initiative for a Code of Conduct for Outer Space Activities in 2008. The paper ends with some conclusions.
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Current Issues & Prospects of International Space Law
( Tanja Masson Zwaan ) 한국항공우주정책·법학회 2010 한국항공우주정책·법학회지 Vol.25 No.1
This paper first gives a brief overview of the history of space law making in the international geopolitical context and recalls some of the main principles as elaborated in the framework of the United Nations. Next, several topics are discussed that will require the attention of space lawyers in the near future. They are the International Space Station, space debris, exploitation of space resources, space tourism, private property rights in space, and militarization and weaponization of space. The paper raises some questions in each of these areas that need to be addressed and concludes that the general legal framework for space activities under public international law as contained in the UN treaties is in place, and is sufficiently general and flexible to enable and encourage states to carry out space activities in an orderly manner. However, as demonstrated by the examples discussed in the paper, the time has come for the international community to agree on the further development of these general principles, starting perhaps with space debris, imminent `new` uses of space such as space tourism, or some of the `age-old` issues such as the weaponisation of outer space that will continue to require our attention and vigilance. Whether such rules can be in the form of non-binding guidelines, codes of conduct and the like, or should be embodied in solid legal instruments creating rights and obligations remains to be seen.
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RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN EU SPACE POLICY AND LAW
탄자 마송즈완,Masson-Zwaan, Tanja Korea Society of Air Space Law and Policy 2010 한국항공우주정책·법학회지 Vol.25 No.2
This paper starts with a brief overview of the history of the European Space Agency and recalls some of its main features. Next, the gradual process of cooperation between ESA and the EU is outlined, leading to the creation of the Framework Agreement in 2004 and the adoption of the European Space Policy in 2007. The entry into force of the Lisbon Treaty in 2009 codified the space competence of the EU, and its implications are addressed. Lastly, some attention is paid to the issue of space security in Europe, through ESA's new SSA programme adopted in 2008, and to the relevance of the EU Council initiative for a Code of Conduct for Outer Space Activities in 2008. The paper ends with some conclusions.
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Underactive Bladder; Review of Progress and Impact From the International CURE-UAB Initiative
Michael B. Chancellor,Sarah N. Bartolone,Laura E. Lamb,Elijah Ward,Bernadette M.M. Zwaans,Ananias Diokno 대한배뇨장애요실금학회 2020 International Neurourology Journal Vol.24 No.1
There is a significant need for research and understanding of underactive bladder (UAB). The International Congress of Urologic Research and Education on Aging UnderActive Bladder (CURE-UAB) was organized by Doctors Michael Chancellor and Ananias Diokno in order to address these concerns. CURE-UAB was supported, in part, by the US National Institute of Aging and National Institute of Diabetes Digestive and Kidney. Since 2014, there have been 5 successful CURE-UAB congresses. They have brought together diverse stakeholders in the UAB field to identify areas of major scientific challenge and initiated a call to action among the medical community. In this review, we will highlight current and novel treatments under development for UAB and the progress and impact from the CURE-UAB initiative.
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Vlahakis, C.,Hunter, T. R.,Hodge, J. A.,Pé,rez, L. M.,Andreani, P.,Brogan, C. L.,Cox, P.,Martin, S.,Zwaan, M.,Matsushita, S.,Dent, W. R. F.,Impellizzeri, C. M. V.,Fomalont, E. B.,Asaki, Y.,Barka IOP Publishing 2015 ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS - Vol.808 No.1
<P>We present initial results of very high resolution Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) observations of the z = 3.042 gravitationally lensed submillimeter galaxy HATLAS J090311.6+003906 (SDP. 81). These observations were carried out using a very extended configuration as part of Science Verification for the 2014 ALMA Long Baseline Campaign, with baselines of up to similar to 15 km. We present continuum imaging at 151, 236, and 290 GHz at unprecedented angular resolutions as fine as 23 mas, corresponding to an unmagnified spatial scale of similar to 180 pc at z = 3.042. The ALMA images clearly show two main gravitational arc components of an Einstein ring, with emission tracing a radius of similar to 1 ''.5. We also present imaging of CO J = 10 - 9, J = 8 - 7, and J = 5 - 4 and H2O (202-111) line emission. The CO emission, at an angular resolution of similar to 170 mas, is found to broadly trace the gravitational arc structures but with differing morphologies between the CO transitions and compared to the dust continuum. Our detection of H2O line emission, using only the shortest baselines, provides the most resolved detection to date of thermal H2O emission in an extragalactic source. The ALMA continuum and spectral line fluxes are consistent with previous Plateau de Bure Interferometer and Submillimeter Array observations despite the impressive increase in angular resolution. Finally, we detect weak unresolved continuum emission from a position that is spatially coincident with the center of the lens, with a spectral index that is consistent with emission from the core of the foreground lensing galaxy.</P>
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