Identification of Genes Modulated by High Extracellular Calcium in Coculture of Mouse Osteoblasts and Bone Marrow Cells by Oligo Chip Assay

Kim, Hyung-Keun,Song, Mina,Jun, ji-Hae,Woo, Kyung-Mi,Kim, Gwan-Shik,Baek, Jeong-Hwa The Korean Academy of Oral Biology 2006 International Journal of Oral Biology Vol.31 No.2

Calcium concentration in the bone resorption lacunae is high and is in the mM concentration range. Both osteoblast and osteoclast have calcium sensing receptor in the cell surface, suggesting the regulatory role of high extracellular calcium in bone merabolism. In vitro, high extracellular calcium stimulated osteoclastogenesis in coculture of mouse osteoblasts and bone marrow cells. Therefore we examined the genes that were commonly regulated by both high extracellular calcium and 1,25(OH)_(2)vitaminD_(3)(VD3) by using mouse oligo 11 K gene chip. In the presence of 10 mM[Ca^(2+)]e or 10 nM VD3, mouse calvarial osteoblasts and bone marrow cells were co-cultured for 4 days when tartrate resistant acid phosphatase-positive multinucleated cells start to appear. Of 11,000 genes examined, the genes commonly regulated both by high extracellular calcium and by VD3 were as follows; 1) the expressions of genes which were osteoclast differentiation markers or were associated with osteoclastogenesis were up-regulated both by high extracellular calcium and by VD3; trap, mmp9, car2, ctsk, ckb, atp6b2, tm7sf4, rab7, 2) several chemokine and chemokine receptor genes such as sdf1, scya2, scyb5, scya6, scya8, scya9, and ccr1 were up-regulated both by high ectracellular calcium and by VD3, 3) the genes such as mmp1b, mmp3 and c3 which possibly stimulate bone resorption by osteoclast, were commonly up-regulated, 4) the gene such as c1q and msr2 which were related with macrophage function, were commonly down-regulated, 5) the genes which possibly stimulate osteoblast differentiation and/or mineralization of extracellular matrix, were commonly down-regulated;slc8a1, admr, plod2, lox, fosb, 6) the genes which possibly suppress osteoblast differentiation and/or mineralization of extracellular matrix, were commonly up-regulated;s100a4, npr3, mme, 7) the genes such as calponin 1 and tgfbi which possibly suppress osteoblast differentiation and/or mineralization of extracellular matrix, were up-regulated by high extracelluar calcium but were down-regulated by VD3. These results suggest that in coculture condition, both high extracellular calcium and VD3 commonly induce osteoclastogenesis but suppress osteoblast differentiation/mineralization by regulating the expression of related genes.

국제개발협력 정부기관 비교 연구 - 6개 원조공여국의 농촌지도를 중심으로 -

백숙희 ( Sookhee¸ Baek ),임형백 ( Hyung Baek¸ Lim ) 전남대학교 지역개발연구소 2020 지역개발연구 Vol.52 No.2

농촌지도(rural extension)는 전 세계의 많은 국가에 존재하는 정부기관이다. 농촌지도는 오랜 역사를 가지고 있고, 많은 원조공여국과 원조수원국에 존재한다. 농촌지도는 국제개발협력에서 중요한 농업기관이다. 한국에는 일제강점기에 도입되었고, 현재에도 농림축산식품부 산하 농촌진흥청의 주요 기능 중 하나로 남아 있다. 이 논문은 대표적인 6개 선진 원조공여국의 농촌지도를 비교·연구하였다. 농촌지도는 거의 4천년 동안 진화되어 왔지만, 현대적 농촌지도는 1874년 아일랜드에서 탄생했다. 지도(extension)이라는 용어도 영국에서 처음 사용되었다. 이렇게 탄생한 농촌지도는 제2차 세계대전, 즉 1950년대 이전에 전 세계로 확산된 농촌개발 모델이다. 제2차 세계대전 전에는 영국, 프랑스 등의 유럽의 각국들이 제국주의 하에서 아프리카, 아시아 및 라틴아메리카의 여러 나라들을 강점하여 농촌지도사업을 실시한 경우이다. 제2차 세계대전 이후에는 UN, 미국 등을 통하여 전 세계로 확산되었다. 따라서 일반적으로 제3세계의 근대적 농촌지도사업의 역사를 논할 때는 제2차 세계대전을 기점으로 삼아 그 이전과 이후로 나누고 있다. 그러나 농촌지도는 농촌개발모델이지 농촌개발 이론은 아니다. 농촌개발 이론은 제2차 세계대전 이후 1950년대부터 등장하기 시작했다. Rural extension has a long history and exists in man donor countries and recipient countries. Rural extension is an important government organization for international development cooperation. This papers is a comparative study of representative 6 donor countries. Modern rural extension was born in Ireland in 1874. Rural extension is rural development model which spread all over the world before World War Ⅱ, or 1950. Before World War Ⅱ, European countries, such as Britain, france, and other countries conducted rural extension in colonies in Africa, Asia and Latin America under imperialism. After World War Ⅱ, rural extension spread all over the world through the United States and United Nations(UN).

전력용 트랜지스터를 이용한 비대칭 PWM 3상 교류초퍼에 관한 연구

白亨來 건국대학교 1990 論文集 Vol.30 No.1

A control technique of asymmetical PWM AC chopper is proposed which not only eliminates the harmonic current, but also improves the input power factor. The ideal switching function for the proposed technique is derived and converted into asymmetrical PWM pattern for practical implementation of AC chopper. Digital simulation is performed to investigate the theoretical characteristics of the proposed APWM technique. The asymmetrical PWM technique is compared to the symmetrical that at the three phase AC chopper.

태양전지의 최대 출력제어의 특성해석

백형래,조금배,유권종 조선대학교 동력자원연구소 1993 動力資源硏究所誌 Vol.15 No.2

In the photovoltaic power system the maximum power control is necessary because output power of solar cell array is varied by solar insolation and temperature. The high frequency operation is essential for the development of the controller. However the e-i characteristics of Solar Cell Array have hysteresis in high frequency operation. It makes controller which is operated by conventional control method uncontrollable. Therefore, it is indispensable to develop a new control method to obtain maximum available power from solar cell array. The simulation result shows the effectiveness of controller using two-state value control method.

입력전력제어에 의한 단상유도전동기의 효율개선에 관한 연구

백형래,박수강 조선대학교 에너지.자원신기술연구소 2000 에너지·자원신기술연구소 논문지 Vol.22 No.1

The paper presents a new drive for single-phase induction motor and a one-chip micom-based controller and control method for self-starting and Input power saving of single-phase induction motor driven from a phase angle control is described. The controller is capable of motor operating in the maximum efficiency region as well as in the optimal input power region. The implementation of the microprocessor is based on an 8-bit programmable micro-controller in low cost. The proposed method is based on the optimal efficiency control which is running by variable phase angle of main winding current of single-phase induction motors. The variable phase angle switching strategy more economized for self-starting and phase angle control of the motor than the PWM switching strategy in high cost. The implemented system consists of TRIAC for voltage control, starting capacitor, 8bit one-chip microcontroller for maximum efficiency control. Experiments are focused on a capacitor starting single-phase induction motor, the optimal Input energy saving by variable phase angle control are verified by experimental results. Also, auxiliary winding was controlled by electronic starting switch.

케이블 돔 구조물의 축대칭 하중에 의한 비선형 불안정 현상에 관한 연구

백인성,김형석,김숭덕 대한건축학회 2003 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 - 계획계/구조계 Vol.23 No.1(구조계)

One of important problem, in large space structure, is to overcome the self weight of roof construction. This problem can be solved with using tension members effectively. Thus the rapid progress of Hybrid structure, that makes effective use of the means of settling, has a good effect on realizing the large space. In this study, the shape finding problem by applying initial stresses is investigated and using this we examined the unstable phenomena of the perfectly shaped and the models have initial imperfection under axisymmetric load to grasp the unstable behaviour of the Geiger and Flower type in the cable domes.

원칩마이크로컨트롤러를 이용한 단상유도전동기의 기동시스템 구현

백형래,박수강,최낙일 조선대학교 에너지.자원신기술연구소 1998 에너지·자원신기술연구소 논문지 Vol.20 No.2

A single phase induction motor(SPIM) with two windings, main and auxiliary is probably the most widely used motor in the world due to their ruggedness, low maintenance and simplicity of construction. There are several ways of starting single phase motors. The most popular arrangements is centrifugal switch. An auxiliary winding connected in series with a capacitor, is brought into the circuit during starting. The closing and opening of the switch must be speed dependant. The switch meets the speed requirements, but it also has many drawback: random switching, arcing, many models necessary for different speeds and shaft diameters, space required inside the motors and limited lifetime to name some of them. In this paper, authors present the experimental results of the SPIM under controlling of currents of main and auxiliary windings by using a one-chip micro starter. This new starting method is developed to replace the conventional starting device consisted with a mechanical switch and a capacitor. In mentioned method the soft-starting of SPIM is simply implemented and higher efficiency is obtained in comparison with conventional condenser type SPIM.

AC/DC 승압형 컨버터의 입력특성 개선

백형래,박수강 조선대학교 에너지.자원신기술연구소 2000 에너지·자원신기술연구소 논문지 Vol.22 No.1

Single-Phase diode rectifiers are widely used in industry. These rectifier, however, generate many harmonic components in the AC Power line and have the poor input power factor, which may create a power quality problem for other electrical apparatus in the vicinity of the rectifier. Power factor improvement and harmonic reduction in the AC line current have become very significant problems in single-phase diode rectifiers. In this paper, the high power factor boost converter using soft switching is proposed t o improve the demerit. The simulation results show the validity of the proposed system.

PFC를 적용한 AC/DC 승압형 컨버터 설계

백형래,박수강,최연옥,한엄용,이성길 조선대학교 에너지.자원신기술연구소 1999 에너지·자원신기술연구소 논문지 Vol.21 No.1

Single-Phase diode rectifiers are widely used in industry. These rectifier, however, generate many harmonic components in the AC Power line and have the poor input power factor, which may create a power quality problem for other electrical apparatus in the vicinity of the rectifier. Power factor improvement and harmonic reduction in the AC line current have become very significant problems in single-phase diode rectifiers. In this paper, the high power factor boost converter using soft switching is proposed to improve the demerit. The simulation results show the validity of the proposed system.

이산제어기법을 이용한 UPS의 전압제어와 동기제어

백형래,김대곤 조선대학교 동력자원연구소 1997 動力資源硏究所誌 Vol.19 No.1

UPS is used to provide high quality power source on load from the power interruption,source interference and especially, UPS which has high efficiency to protect the device is demanded. In this paper, discrete control system is introduced to improve output waveforms of UPS. This technique can be obtained stable output by conversion of frequency control with phase synchronism of UPS output and utility power source and amplitude control to various load. And then,the compact and efficiency UPS can be realized by remove of the analog circuit and simulation and experimentation were performed with this control algorithm.