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Review on Cu2SnS3, Cu3SnS4, and Cu4SnS4 thin films and their photovoltaic performance
Vasudeva Reddy Minnam Reddy,Mohan Reddy Pallavolu,Phaneendra Reddy Guddeti,Sreedevi Gedi,Kishore Kumar Yarragudi Bathal Reddy,Babu Pejjai,김우경,Thulasi Ramakrishna Reddy Kotte,박진호 한국공업화학회 2019 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.76 No.-
The rapid progress on the Cu–Sn–S (Cu2SnS3, Cu3SnS4, and Cu4SnS4) solar cells has opened a new avenueto generate the electrical energy at ultra-low-cost. Therefore, the progress in the deposition of Cu2SnS3,Cu3SnS4, and Cu4SnS4 thinfilms by various chemical and physical methods is reviewed comprehensively. This article briefly describes (i) the phase diagrams of Cu–Sn–S, (ii) the bulk properties of Cu2SnS3,Cu3SnS4, and Cu4SnS4, (iii) the effect of deposition conditions on the phase formation, (iv) the physicalproperties of Cu2SnS3, Cu3SnS4, and Cu4SnS4 thinfilms, and (v) the photovoltaic performance of Cu2SnS3,Cu3SnS4, and Cu4SnS4 solar cells.
Babu Pejjai,Vasudeva Reddy Minnam Reddy,Sreedevi Gedi,박진호 한국공업화학회 2018 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.60 No.-
This article provides a status review on the chemical synthesis, structural transformation, morphological engineering, and band gap energy tuning of Cu–Sn–S(Se) nanoparticles (NPs). As the fabrication of Cu–Sn–S(Se) NPs based solar cells technology faces several problems, the photovoltaic behavior of Cu–Sn–S(Se) NPs is examined using photocurrent response. Further, the influence of nanoparticle ink properties on the deposition of NPs based absorber layer is discussed in detail. The challenges and prospects of nanoparticle based Cu–Sn–S(Se) solar cells are discussed. In addition, other photovoltaic applications such as photocatalytic, hydrogen production, and dye-degradation of Cu–Sn–S(Se) NPs are also outlined.
Babu Reddy, L.P.,Megha, R.,Chethan, B.,Raj Prakash, H.G.,Ravikiran, Y.T.,Ramana, C.H.V.V.,Kim, D. ELSEVIER 2018 INORGANIC CHEMISTRY COMMUNICATIONS Vol.98 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>In the present work, we prepared magnesium ferrite/molybdenum trioxide (MFMO) nanocomposite using mechano chemical mixing method for humidity sensor at room temperature. Enhancement in active sites for water adsorption in the composite due to the presence of MoO<SUB>3</SUB> confirmed from X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies. Change in grain size distribution and increase in intergranular pores in the composite favouring water adsorption confirmed from its scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image. Increased agglomeration of nano sized particles and improved crystallinity of the composite confirmed from Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies and selected area electron diffraction (SAED) pattern. The composite showed maximum sensing response of 4902 as against 183 of MF in the range 11%–97% RH. The response and recovery times of the composite were found to be 45 s and 74 s respectively while those of MF 225 s and 364 s respectively. The nanocomposite sample showed stable humidity sensing ability and a low humidity hysteresis. Molybdenum trioxide plays a major role in enhancing the humidity sensing performance of MFMO composite at room temperature. The sensing mechanism discussed on the basis of chemisorptions, physisorption and capillary condensation processes.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Humidity sensing response of magnisium ferrite (MF) and magnesium ferrite-molybdenum trioxide (MFMO) composite presented. </LI> <LI> The MFMO showed maximum sensing response of 4902 as against 183 of MF in the range 11%-97% RH. </LI> <LI> The response and recovery times of the composite were found to be 45 s and 74 s respectively. </LI> <LI> The sensing mechanism MFMO discussed on the basis of chemisorptions, physisorption and capillary condensation processes. </LI> </UL> </P>
Reddy, Ch. Venkata,Babu, Bathula,Reddy, I. Neelakanta,Shim, Jaesool Elsevier 2018 CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL Vol.44 No.6
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Tetragonal zirconia (t-ZrO<SUB>2</SUB>) nanoparticles were successfully prepared by a hydrothermal method and characterized by various measurement techniques. The tetragonal crystalline structure of ZrO<SUB>2</SUB> nanoparticles were confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis. The binding energies of Zr and O were confirmed from the XPS spectrum. The band gap energy was estimated using optical absorption spectroscopy, found to be 4.8eV. The UV (360nm) and visible (403nm and 537nm) emissions were observed from PL spectrum. The thermal stability of the prepared ZrO<SUB>2</SUB> nanoparticles was studied by TG-DTA analysis. The photocatalytic degradation of the as-prepared ZrO<SUB>2</SUB> nanoparticles was studied under UV light irradiation using methyl orange (MO) as a model organic pollutant. Results showed that 99% degradation was achieved within 50min. Photoelectrochemical studies were also supported the photocatalytic activities.</P>
Babu Pejjai,Vasudeva Reddy Minnam Reddy,Kondaiah Seku,조해윤,Mohan Reddy Pallavolu,Trang Thi Thuy Le,정동섭,Tulasi Ramakrishna Reddy Kotte,박진호 한국화학공학회 2018 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.35 No.12
Selenium (Se)-rich binary Cu-Se and In-Se nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized by a modified heat-up method at low temperature (110 oC) using the gum exudates from a cherry blossom tree. Coating of CISe absorber layer was carried out using Se-rich binary Cu-Se and In-Se NPs ink without the use of any external binder. Our results indicated that the gum used in the synthesis played beneficial roles such as reducing and capping agent. In addition, the gum also served as a natural binder in the coating of CISe absorber layer. The CISe absorber layer was integrated into the solar cell, which showed a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 0.37%. The possible reasons for low PCE of the present solar cells and the steps needed for further improvement of PCE were discussed. Although the obtained PCE is low, the present strategy opens a new path for the fabrication of eco-friendly CISe NPs solar cell by a relatively chief non-vacuum method.
Photoluminescence Study of Chemical Bath Deposited ZnIn2Se4 Thin Films
Pejjai Babu,MINNAM REDDY VASUDEVA REDDY,Kotte Tulasi Ramakrishna Reddy 대한금속·재료학회 2014 ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LETTERS Vol.10 No.4
Thin films of ZnIn2Se4 (ZIS) have been prepared by chemical bath deposition (CBD) using a novel and water soluble Na2SeO3 as a source of selenium ion for the first time. The deposition of the films was carried out at various pH values in the range of 6 - 11, keeping all other bath parameters at optimised values. EDAX analysis revealed that all the grown layers were selenium deficient with trace amounts of oxygen and chlorine incorporation. FTIR spectral measurements revealed the associated symmetric and asymmetric stretching modes of bridged oxygen atoms on the surface of the films. The room temperature photoluminescence properties of these samples at different pH values are studied in detail. Further, Gaussian curve fitting was employed to deconvolute the PL spectra and the change in intensities of these peaks with respective to pH values was addressed and correlated to the role of native defects that were incorporated while deposition. The results indicate that the variation of solution pH had a noticeable effect on the photoluminescence ZIS films.
An Improved Intrusion Detection System for SDN using Multi-Stage Optimized Deep Forest Classifier
Saritha Reddy, A,Ramasubba Reddy, B,Suresh Babu, A International Journal of Computer ScienceNetwork S 2022 International journal of computer science and netw Vol.22 No.4
Nowadays, research in deep learning leveraged automated computing and networking paradigm evidenced rapid contributions in terms of Software Defined Networking (SDN) and its diverse security applications while handling cybercrimes. SDN plays a vital role in sniffing information related to network usage in large-scale data centers that simultaneously support an improved algorithm design for automated detection of network intrusions. Despite its security protocols, SDN is considered contradictory towards DDoS attacks (Distributed Denial of Service). Several research studies developed machine learning-based network intrusion detection systems addressing detection and mitigation of DDoS attacks in SDN-based networks due to dynamic changes in various features and behavioral patterns. Addressing this problem, this research study focuses on effectively designing a multistage hybrid and intelligent deep learning classifier based on modified deep forest classification to detect DDoS attacks in SDN networks. Experimental results depict that the performance accuracy of the proposed classifier is improved when evaluated with standard parameters.
Nandanapalli, Koteeswara Reddy,Mudusu, Devika,Lingandhinne, Raja Mohan Reddy,Mitta, Sekhar Babu,K. Reddy, Gunasekhar,Karuppannan, Ramesh,Whang, Dongmok Elsevier 2019 JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS Vol.770 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Tin (II) sulfide (SnS), one of the most abundant materials, is being considered as an absorber material for the development of low-cost and nontoxic solar cell devices. In this direction, we have developed nanocrystalline films of SnS with uniform morphology on different substrates by adopting two-step thermal evaporation process. The surface studies show that irrespective of substrate nature, the as-grown SnS films possess uniform surface-morphology with well-defined facets. Structural studies reveal that SnS films grown on various substrates possess an orthorhombic crystal structure. However, as compared to other substrates, the structures developed on sapphire and copper exhibit 〈010〉 as preferential growth direction. From the electrical measurements, it is noticed that the films deposited on highly-conductive substrates consist of low electrical resistance, whereas the films are slightly resistive on insulating substrates. Based on these investigations it is emphasized that high-quality SnS films can be developed with uniform morphology on any substrates by adopting our two-step process.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> SnS films were developed with uniform morphology by using two-step process. </LI> <LI> The films grown on different substrates possess nanocrystallites with well-defined facets. </LI> <LI> These films consist of excellent chemical stoichiometry and phase purity. </LI> <LI> SnS films grown on different substrates have either 〈111〉 or 〈010〉 growth direction. </LI> </UL> </P>