Global Awakening of Cryptic Biosynthetic Gene Clusters in <i>Burkholderia thailandensis</i>

Gupta, Ashish,Bedre, Renesh,Thapa, Sudarshan Singh,Sabrin, Afsana,Wang, Guannan,Dassanayake, Maheshi,Grove, Anne American Chemical Society 2017 ACS chemical biology Vol.12 No.12

<P>Many bacteria encode biosynthetic proteins that produce a vast array of natural products. These compounds are often synthesized during host invasion as they function as virulence factors. In addition, such secondary metabolites have yielded numerous molecular scaffolds with pharmaceutical and clinical importance. The gene clusters that encode proteins responsible for synthesis of these compounds are typically silenced or “cryptic” under laboratory growth conditions, hampering discovery of novel lead compounds. We report here that MftR is a global repressor of secondary metabolite synthesis in <I>Burkholderia thailandensis</I> and that urate functions as a physiologically relevant inducer of gene expression. Biosynthetic gene clusters under MftR control include those associated with production of the antimicrobial bactobolins, the iron siderophore malleobactin, and the virulence factor malleilactone. MftR also controls additional genes associated with survival in a host environment, such as genes encoding components of the type III secretion system (T3SS) and proteins linked to anaerobic respiration. This observation not only has implications for understanding activation of gene regulatory networks during host invasion, but it also paves the way for isolation of novel therapeutic leads.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/acbcct/2017/acbcct.2017.12.issue-12/acschembio.7b00681/production/images/medium/cb-2017-00681f_0006.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/cb7b00681'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>

Patients with celiac disease are at high risk of developing metabolic syndrome and fatty liver

( Ashish Agarwal ),( Alka Singh ),( Wajiha Mehtab ),( Vipin Gupta ),( Ashish Chauhan ),( Mahendra Singh Rajput ),( Namrata Singh ),( Vineet Ahuja ),( Govind K. Makharia ) 대한장연구학회 2021 Intestinal Research Vol.19 No.1

Background/Aims: Gluten-free diet has an excess of fats and simple sugars and puts patients with celiac disease at risk of metabolic complications including metabolic syndrome and fatty liver. We assessed prevalence of metabolic syndrome and fatty liver in two cohorts of celiac disease. Methods: Study was done in 2 groups. In group 1, 54 treatment naïve patients with celiac disease were recruited. Of them, 44 returned after 1-year of gluten-free diet and were reassessed. In group 2, 130 celiac disease patients on gluten-free diet for ≥1 year were recruited. All patients were assessed for anthropometric and metabolic parameters and fatty liver. Metabolic syndrome was defined as per consensus definition for Asian Indians. Fatty liver was defined as controlled attenuation parameter value >263 decibels by FibroScan. Results: In group 1, of 44 treatment naïve patients with celiac disease, metabolic syndrome was present in 5 patients (11.4%) at baseline and 9 (18.2%) after 1 year of gluten-free diet. Patients having fatty liver increased from 6 patients (14.3%) at baseline to 13 (29.5%) after 1year of gluten-free diet (P=0.002). In group 2, of 130 patients with celiac disease on gluten-free diet for a median duration of 4 years, 30 out of 114 (26.3%) and 30 out of 130 patients (23%) had metabolic syndrome and fatty liver, respectively. Conclusions: Patients with celiac disease are at high risk of developing metabolic syndrome and fatty liver, which increases further with gluten-free diet. These patients should be assessed for nutritional and metabolic features and counseled about balanced diet and physical activity regularly. (Intest Res 2021;19:106-114)

Post-cholecystectomy acute injury: What can go wrong?

Vikas Gupta,Ashish Gupta,Thakur Deen Yadav,Bhagwant Rai Mittal,Rakesh Kochhar 한국간담췌외과학회 2019 Annals of hepato-biliary-pancreatic surgery Vol.23 No.2

Backgrounds/Aims: Most of the emphasis of postcholecystectomy injuries is laid on iatrogenic bilary trauma. However, they can involve a wide spectrum of injuries. Methods: We prospectively evaluated 42 patients with postcholecystectomy injuries referred to us from July 2011 to December 2012. Based on spectrum of injuries, we proposed an algorithm of management. Results: Injuries occurred following laparoscopy in 20 (2 converted) patients and open in 22 patients. Mean time of detection of injury was 4.32±2.33 days. The nature of drainage was bilious in 36, bile with blood in 2, only blood in 2, and enteric in 2. Nine had organ failure at presentation. Six (14%) needed re-operation. Source of hemorrhage was from right hepatic artery in three and small bowel mesentry in 1. Enteric injuries were one each to duodenum and colon. Six patient (14%) died. Advancing age and organ failure were the predictors of mortality. Persistant biliary fistula was seen in 5 (14%). Ten had lateral leaks that closed at 28.89±2.34 days. Twenty-two formed stricture which was successfully managed with definitive hepaticojejunostomy. Conclusions: Post cholecystectomy acute injury does not limit itself to bile duct or vascular injury but it can traumatize adjacent hollow viscus or mesentery. It is important to diagnose and intervene enteric injury early. Presentation and management for such injury should be followed as per the proposed algorithm.

UTILIZING GAMIFICATION TO MOTIVATE CUSTOMER ENGAGEMENT: A REVIEW OF LITERATURE

Ayushi Gupta,Ashish Gupta 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2023 Global Marketing Conference Vol.2023 No.07

Over the last few years, customer engagement is being reimagined from the lens of relationship marketing in light of interactive brand experiences in order to eternalize long term customer engagement value. However, instilling engagement through dedication and involvement is becoming arduous for brands due to radically escalating digital technologies rendering the inefficacy in practitioner’s attempts. Simultaneously, the employment of hedonic technologies like gamification is catapulting for utilitarian aspirations including customer engagement. Gamification is an emerging field of study which is being intrinsically tied to customer engagement with the later not being the sole purpose of gamified platforms but a medium for subsequent brand related outcomes. Crafting digital interfaces that are straightforward to use and more interactive has become a successful approach for practitioners to engage customers and make tedious and repetitive tasks more pleasurable through gamification. Global organizations such as Walmart, Starbucks and Amazon employ game mechanics evidencing that gamification can reinforce engagement with customers.

Ruthenium doped carbon aerogel with CO2 surface activation for enhanced electrochemical capacitance

Ashish Singh,D.K. Kohli,Sushmita Bhartiya,Rashmi Singh,M.K. Singh,P.K. Gupta 한국물리학회 2017 Current Applied Physics Vol.17 No.6

With the aim of enhancement of electrochemical capacitance, CO2 activation of carbon aerogel (CA) prepared by polycondensation of resorcinol with formaldehyde was performed to obtain activated carbon aerogel (ACA) having improved surface area properties. Ruthenium oxide nano-particles were loaded by impregnation method for utilizing pseudo-capacitive property of ruthenium oxide (RuO2) and the effect of activation treatment was studied. RuO2 loading of 20% by weight was accomplished in CA and ACA to synthesize RuO2 doped carbon aerogel (CA/RuO2) and activated carbon aerogel (ACA/RuO2). While the specific capacitance of carbon aerogel improved from 95 to 153 F/g on activation, RuO2 loading further led to enhancement in capacitance and specific capacitance of 308 F/g was obtained for ACA/ RuO2. The studies being important for Ru economy, showed the influence of surface area enhancement of base matrix in achieving high specific capacitance.

High risk of tuberculosis during infliximab therapy despite tuberculosis screening in inflammatory bowel disease patients in India

( Ashish Agarwal ),( Saurabh Kedia ),( Saransh Jain ),( Vipin Gupta ),( Sawan Bopanna ),( Dawesh P Yadav ),( Sandeep Goyal ),( Venigalla Pratap Mouli ),( Rajan Dhingra ),( Govind Makharia ),( Vineet A 대한장연구학회 2018 Intestinal Research Vol.16 No.4

Background/Aims: The data on the risk of tuberculosis (TB) reactivation with infliximab (IFX) in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) from TB endemic countries, like India, is limited. The risk of TB reactivation on IFX and its predictors in patients with IBD was assessed. Methods: This retrospective review included consecutive patients with IBD who received IFX, and were on follow-up from January 2005 to November 2017. The data was recorded on age/disease duration, indications for IFX, screening for latent tuberculosis (LTB) before IFX, response to IFX, incidence and duration when TB developed after IFX, and type of TB (pulmonary [PTB]/extra-pulmonary [EPTB]/disseminated). Results: Of 69 patients (22 ulcerative colitis/47 Crohn’s disease; mean age, 35.6±14.5 years; 50.7% males; median follow-up duration after IFX, 19 months [interquartile range, 5.5-48.7 months]), primary non-response at 8 weeks and secondary loss of response at 26 and 52 weeks were seen in 14.5%, 6% and 15% patients respectively. Prior to IFX, all patients were screened for LTB, 8 (11.6%) developed active TB (disseminated, 62.5%; EPTB, 25%; PTB, 12.5%) after a median of 19 weeks (interquartile range, 14.0-84.5 weeks) of IFX. Of these 8 patients’ none had LTB, even when 7 of 8 were additionally screened with contrast-enhanced chest tomography. Though not statistically significant, more patients with Crohn’s disease than ulcerative colitis (14.9% vs. 4.5%, P=0.21), and those with past history of TB (25% vs. 9.8%, P=0.21), developed TB. Age, gender, disease duration, or extraintestinal manifestations could not predict TB reactivation. Conclusions: There is an extremely high rate of TB with IFX in Indian patients with IBD. Current screening techniques are ineffective and it is difficult to predict TB after IFX. (Intest Res 2018;16:588-598)

miRNAs in Alzheimer Disease - A Therapeutic Perspective

Gupta, Priya,Bhattacharjee, Surajit,Sharma, Ashish Ranjan,Sharma, Garima,Lee, Sang-Soo,Chakraborty, Chiranjib Bentham Science 2017 Current Alzheimer research Vol.14 No.11

Experimental, modeling and RSM optimization of CO2 loading for an aqueous blend of diethylenetriamine and 3-dimethyl amino-1-propanol

Akhil Kumar Gupta,Ashish Gautam,Monoj Kumar Mondal 한국화학공학회 2023 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.40 No.5

Post-combustion CO2 capture by aqueous amine solvent is one of the most promising methods for mitigating the presence of CO2 in the environment. In this work, a novel amine blend of Diethylenetriamine and 3-Dimethyl amino-1-propanol was selected. Experiments were performed in the temperature range of 293.15–323.25 K, mole fraction of diethylenetriamine in the range of 0.05–0.2, partial pressure of CO2 in the range of 10.13–25.33 kPa and solution concentration in the range of 1–3 mol·L−1. Effects of these parameters on equilibrium CO2 loading were judged at various operating conditions. An empirical model was developed for the calculation of equilibrium CO2 loading in the aqueous amine blend. The heat of absorption of CO2 for this amine blend was found to be −65.22 kJ·mol−1. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used for optimization and a quadratic model was selected. The analysis of variance was used to prove the significance of the selected model. Three-dimensional diagrams and contour plots of independent variables were also shown. Optimum CO2 loading by RSM was found to be 1.068 mol CO2·mol amine−1 at temperature 294.15 K, mole fraction of diethylenetriamine 0.20, solution concentration 1.3 mol/l, and partial pressure of CO2 24.22 kPa.

Ecological context of infant mortality in high-focus states of India

Laishram Ladusingh,Ashish Kumar Gupta,Awdhesh Yadav 한국역학회 2016 Epidemiology and Health Vol.38 No.-

OBJECTIVES: This goal of this study was to shed light on the ecological context as a potential determinant of the infant mortality rate in nine high-focus states in India. METHODS: Data from the Annual Health Survey (2010-2011), the Census of India (2011), and the District Level Household and Facility Survey 3 (2007-08) were used in this study. In multiple regression analysis explanatory variable such as underdevelopment is measured by the non-working population, and income inequality, quantified as the proportion of households in the bottom wealth quintile. While, the trickle-down effect of education is measured by female literacy, and investment in health, as reflected by neonatal care facilities in primary health centres. RESULTS: A high spatial autocorrelation of district infant mortality rates was observed, and ecological factors were found to have a significant impact on district infant mortality rates. The result also revealed that non-working population and income inequality were found to have a negative effect on the district infant mortality rate. Additionally, female literacy and new-born care facilities were found to have an inverse association with the infant mortality rate. CONCLUSIONS: Interventions at the community level can reduce district infant mortality rates.

Biliary cystadenoma in an endemic zone of hydatid cyst: A rare surgical surprise

Krishna Ramavath,Lileswar Kaman,Ashish Gupta,Abhinav Singh,Asim Das 한국간담췌외과학회 2020 Annals of hepato-biliary-pancreatic surgery Vol.24 No.1

The advancement of radiological investigations has led to the early and incidental detection of hepatic cystic lesions. These are most commonly the simple cysts but can be malignant as well. Despite the recent advances, these lesions still pose a diagnostic as well as therapeutic challenge. The biliary cystadenomas and carcinomas form around 5% of all the malignant cystic lesions of liver. These lesions are hardly diagnosed preoperatively and are usually a histopathological surprise. They warrant a surgical excision. Herewith, the authors are describing a case of cystic hepatic neoplasm initially misdiagnosed as hydatid cyst of liver and discovered to be a vascular cystic lesion intraoperatively. This patient underwent resection of the lesion and was discovered to harbour biliary cystadenoma on histopathological specimen.