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Darragh, Margot,Ahn, Ho Seok,MacDonald, Bruce,Liang, Amy,Peri, Kathryn,Kerse, Ngaire,Broadbent, Elizabeth Elsevier 2017 Journal of the American Medical Directors Associat Vol.18 No.12
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P><B>Objectives</B></P> <P>This scoping study is the first step of a multiphase, international project aimed at designing a homecare robot that can provide functional support, track physical and psychological well-being, and deliver therapeutic intervention specifically for individuals with mild cognitive impairment.</P> <P><B>Design</B></P> <P>Observational requirements gathering study.</P> <P><B>Participants and settings</B></P> <P>Semistructured interviews were conducted with 3 participant groups: (1) individuals with memory challenges, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), or mild dementia (patients; n = 9); (2) carers of those with MCI or dementia (carers; n = 8); and (3) those with expertise in MCI or dementia research, clinical care, or management (experts; n = 16). Interviews took place at the university, at dementia care facilities or other workplaces, at participant's homes, or via skype (experts only).</P> <P><B>Measurements</B></P> <P>Semistructured interviews were conducted, transcribed, and reviewed.</P> <P><B>Results</B></P> <P>Several key themes were identified within the 4 topics of: (1) daily challenges, (2) safety and security, (3) monitoring health and well-being, and (4) therapeutic intervention.</P> <P><B>Conclusions</B></P> <P>A homecare robot could provide both practical and therapeutic benefit for the mildly cognitively impaired with 2 broad programs providing routine and reassurance; and tracking health and well-being. The next phase of the project aims to program homecare robots with scenarios developed from these results, integrate components from project partners, and then test the feasibility, utility, and acceptability of the homecare robot.</P>
Vertical silicon nanowires as a universal platform for delivering biomolecules into living cells
Shalek, Alex K.,Robinson, Jacob T.,Karp, Ethan S.,Lee, Jin Seok,Ahn, Dae-Ro,Yoon, Myung-Han,Sutton, Amy,Jorgolli, Marsela,Gertner, Rona S.,Gujral, Taranjit S.,MacBeath, Gavin,Yang, Eun Gyeong,Park, Ho Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2010 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF Vol.107 No.5
<P>A generalized platform for introducing a diverse range of biomolecules into living cells in high-throughput could transform how complex cellular processes are probed and analyzed. Here, we demonstrate spatially localized, efficient, and universal delivery of biomolecules into immortalized and primary mammalian cells using surface-modified vertical silicon nanowires. The method relies on the ability of the silicon nanowires to penetrate a cell’s membrane and subsequently release surface-bound molecules directly into the cell’s cytosol, thus allowing highly efficient delivery of biomolecules without chemical modification or viral packaging. This modality enables one to assess the phenotypic consequences of introducing a broad range of biological effectors (DNAs, RNAs, peptides, proteins, and small molecules) into almost any cell type. We show that this platform can be used to guide neuronal progenitor growth with small molecules, knock down transcript levels by delivering siRNAs, inhibit apoptosis using peptides, and introduce targeted proteins to specific organelles. We further demonstrate codelivery of siRNAs and proteins on a single substrate in a microarray format, highlighting this technology’s potential as a robust, monolithic platform for high-throughput, miniaturized bioassays.</P>
Biomaterials in Spinal Implants: A Review
Andrew Warburton,Steven J. Girdler,Christopher M. Mikhail,Amy Ahn,Samuel K. Cho 대한척추신경외과학회 2020 Neurospine Vol.17 No.1
The aim to find the perfect biomaterial for spinal implant has been the focus of spinal research since the 1800s. Spinal surgery and the devices used therein have undergone a constant evolution in order to meet the needs of surgeons who have continued to further understand the biomechanical principles of spinal stability and have improved as new technologies and materials are available for production use. The perfect biomaterial would be one that is biologically inert/compatible, has a Young’s modulus similar to that of the bone where it is implanted, high tensile strength, stiffness, fatigue strength, and low artifacts on imaging. Today, the materials that have been most commonly used include stainless steel, titanium, cobalt chrome, nitinol (a nickel titanium alloy), tantalum, and polyetheretherketone in rods, screws, cages, and plates. Current advancements such as 3-dimensional printing, the ProDisc-L and ProDisc-C, the ApiFix, and the Mobi-C which all aim to improve range of motion, reduce pain, and improve patient satisfaction. Spine surgeons should remain vigilant regarding the current literature and technological advancements in spinal materials and procedures. The progression of spinal implant materials for cages, rods, screws and plates with advantages and disadvantages for each material will be discussed.
A novel pathogenic role of the ER chaperone GRP78/BiP in rheumatoid arthritis
Yoo, Seung-Ah,You, Sungyong,Yoon, Hyung-Ju,Kim, Dong-Ho,Kim, Hyun-Sook,Lee, Kyungho,Ahn, Jin Hee,Hwang, Daehee,Lee, Amy S.,Kim, Ki-Jo,Park, Yune-Jung,Cho, Chul-Soo,Kim, Wan-Uk The Rockefeller University Press 2012 The Journal of experimental medicine Vol.209 No.4
<▼1><P>The ER chaperone GRP78/BiP is crucial for the development of rheumatoid arthritis.</P></▼1><▼2><P>An accumulation of misfolded proteins can trigger a cellular survival response in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). In this study, we found that ER stress–associated gene signatures were highly expressed in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synoviums and synovial cells. Proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNF and IL-1β, increased the expression of GRP78/BiP, a representative ER chaperone, in RA synoviocytes. RA synoviocytes expressed higher levels of GRP78 than osteoarthritis (OA) synoviocytes when stimulated by thapsigargin or proinflammatory cytokines. Down-regulation of <I>Grp78</I> transcripts increased the apoptosis of RA synoviocytes while abolishing TNF- or TGF-β–induced synoviocyte proliferation and cyclin D1 up-regulation. Conversely, overexpression of the <I>Grp78</I> gene prevented synoviocyte apoptosis. Moreover, <I>Grp78</I> small interfering RNA inhibited VEGF<SUB>165</SUB>-induced angiogenesis in vitro and also significantly impeded synoviocyte proliferation and angiogenesis in Matrigel implants engrafted into immunodeficient mice. Additionally, repeated intraarticular injections of BiP-inducible factor X, a selective GRP78 inducer, increased synoviocyte proliferation and angiogenesis in the joints of mice with experimental OA. In contrast, mice with <I>Grp78</I> haploinsufficiency exhibited the suppression of experimentally induced arthritis and developed a limited degree of synovial proliferation and angiogenesis. In summary, this study shows that the ER chaperone GRP78 is crucial for synoviocyte proliferation and angiogenesis, the pathological hallmark of RA.</P></▼2>