Environment X Citizen

Michiko Akita 한국정부학회 2010 한국정부학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2010 No.12

Curitiba, is the capital of the State Of Parana, located in the southern Brazil, is the seventh city in population containing approximately 1,8million inhabitants and an area of 432km2. The city began planning in 1940``s where there was formulating a master plan, valuing the deployment of squares and parks in the city. All the planning converge to integrate the urban development, public transportation and environmental conservation, in order to provide quality of life for citizens of Curitiba. The environmental sustainability of the planet necessarily passes through the sustainability of cities. All this planning allowed Curitiba to have: 35 Units of Conservation, among Parks and Forests, covering an area of 11,957,837.00 m2, 3,500,000.00 of these massive forest regions, 77.7 million m2 of massive forest regions was accounted in 2005, covering an area equivalent to 18% of the total city area, 342 different species of birds observed and cataloged, 300 000 trees in the road system and 51.5 square meters of green area per inhabitant. Environmental education is always included in the preparation of projects and in their implementation.Undoubtedly, the planning of which I spoke, is of great importance, but nothing would have been worth it if we had the support of the population of Curitiba. Is not an easy task. Today, I confess to you that on some projects that we have developed, the most difficult part is finding the right approach to engage the population. Without the engagement of the population, is very likely that the project will not succeed. The objective of this presentation is to demonstrate the major environmental programs of the City of Curitibaandtoemphasizetheengagementofourpopulation. Michiko Akita has been working at the Fukuoka Prefectural government since 1995, and has been in the New Industry and the Technical Promoting Division since 2008. She took charge of the Secretariat of the "Fukuoka hydrogen energy strategy conference", and has been involved mainly with the "Fukuoka Personnel Training Centerfor Hydrogen Energy" and the "Fukuoka hydrogen town".

Anatomic study of extensor carpi radialis brevis in relation to etiology of lateral epicondylitis

Akita K,Shimura H,Nimura A 대한견주관절의학회 2013 대한견주관절학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2013 No.3

Recent Trend of TAB Encapsulating Equipment

Akita, Masanori 한국마이크로전자및패키징학회 1994 Seminar on Hybrid Microelectronics and Multichip P Vol.1 No.1

Ceramic composite materials become very significant since excellent properties as well as new processing method could be obtained. Glass ceramic is an one of the most important fabrication method to get a fully-dense ceramics at a lower temperature. In this study, cordierite-mullite composite ceramics could be produced below 1000 by controlling the glass-in-glass phase separation phenomena. Crystallization behavior of cordierite-based glass with excess SiO₂ and Al₂O₃(CM glass) was studied at the initial crystallization stage. Two kinds of glass-in-glass phase separation occurred during the heat treatment of glass powder. The secondary glass-in-glass phase separation, which consists of an SiO₂-rich phase and an Al₂O₃-rich phase significantly affects the crystallization of the glass and the resultant microstructures of the crystallized glass. Mullite nucleated first in the Al₂O₃-rich amorphous phase which is no longer a stable glass-forming region. Metastable μ-cordierite crystallized in the SiO₂-rich amorphous phase and grew rapidly. A fine-grained cordierite-mullite composite with mullite as the grain boundary phase could be produced.

The Aid-India Consortium, the World Bank, and the International Order of Asia, 1958-1968

Akita, Shigeru The Asian Association of World Historians 2014 The Asian review of world histories Vol.2 No.2

The Aid-India Consortium was organized in 1958 as an international scheme to support the economic development of India, and led by the World Bank. This article reconsiders the economic diplomacy of the Indian Government in the 1950s and 1960s, by paying attention to the interactions between the Indian authorities and the donor countries and institutions, in the context of the Cold War regime, decolonization and economic aid to the newly independent countries. First, it deals with the development of the Aid-India Consortium by considering debates at its annual meetings and the skillful negotiations of the Indian Government and financial authorities. It focuses especially on the leading role of an Indian diplomat and financial expert, B. K. Nehru. The article then tries to reveal an Indian initiative in solving the 'food crises' of 1965-67 through intimate collaboration with the US government and the World Bank, using the framework of the Aid-India Consortium. These attempts lead to a reconsideration of the economic order of Asia in the 1950s and 1960s.

Reduced Port Surgery for Prostate Cancer is Feasible: Comparative Study of 2-port Laparoendoscopic and Conventional 5-port Laparoscopic Radical Prostatectomy

Akita, Hidetoshi,Nakane, Akihiro,Ando, Ryosuke,Yamada, Kenji,Kobayashi, Takahiro,Okamura, Takehiko,Kohri, Kejiro Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.11

Background: While 5-port laparoendoscopic radical prostatectomy is standard practice, efforts have been focused in developing a single port surgery for cosmetic reasons. However, this is still in the pioneering stage considering the challenging nature of the surgical procedures. We have therefore focused on reduced port surgery, using only 2-ports. In this study, we compared 2-port laparoendoscopic radical prostatectomy (2-port RP) and conventional 5-port laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (LRP) for clinically localized prostate carcinoma and evaluated the potential advantages of each. Materials and Methods: From January 2010 to December 2010, all 23 patients with clinically localized prostate cancer underwent LRP. Starting November, 2010, when we introduced the reduced port approach, we performed this procedure for 22 consecutive patients diagnosed with early-stage prostate cancer (cT1c, cT2N0). The patients were matched 1:1 to 2-port RP or LRP for age, preoperative serum PSA level, clinical stage, biopsy and pathological Gleason grade, surgical margin status, pad-free rates and post-operative pain. Results: There was a significant difference in operative time between the 2-port RP and LRP groups ($286.5{\pm}63.3$ and $351.8{\pm}72.4$ min: p=0.0019, without any variation in blood loss (including urine) ($945.1{\pm}479.6$ vs $1271.1{\pm}871.8ml$: p=0.13). The Foley catheter indwelling period was shorter in the 2 port RP group, but without significance ($5.6{\pm}1.8$ vs $8.0{\pm}5.6$ days: p=0.057) and the total perioperative complication rates for 2 port RP and LRP were comparable at 4.5% and 8.7% (p=0.58). There was an improvement in pad-free rates up to 6 months follow-up (p=0.090), and significantly improvement at 1 year (p=0.040). PSA recurrence was 1 (4.5%) in 2-port RP and 2 (8.7%) in LRP. Continuous epidural anesthesia was used in most of LRP patients (95.7%) and in early 2-port RP patients (40.9%). In these patients, average total amount of Diclofenac sodium was 27.8mg/patient in 2-port RP and 50.0mg/patient in LRP. Conclusions: Thus the reduced port approach is as efficacious as LRP in terms of many outcome measures, with significant cosmetic advantages and reduction in post surgical pain. This method can be readily performed safely and therefore can be recommended as a standard laparoscopic surgery for prostate cancer in the future.

Effect of High Nitrogen Application on Two Components of Dark Respiration in a Rice Cultivar Takanari

Akita, Shigemi,Lee, Kwang-hong The Korean Society of Crop Science 2002 Korean journal of crop science Vol.47 No.4

Plant growth and the two components of respiration, growth and maintenance, were compared between low and high nitrogen applications in hydroponic culture on a high-yielding rice cultivar 'Takanari' (Oryza sativa L.). Grain yield decreased by high nitrogen application, and thus this cultivar has low adaptability to nitrogen. Growth efficiency (GE) and net assimilation rate (NAR) were lower in the high-nitrogen plot. The maintenance coefficient (m) and growth coefficient (g) of dark respiration were 0.0111 $d^{-1}$ and 0.196 in the low-nitrogen plot and 0.0166 $d^{-1}$ and 0.237 in the high-nitrogen plot, respectively. Thus, high nitrogen application increased both g and m. Calculated $R_m$ (maintenance respiration rate) was 70 and 90% of total respiration rate at heading, respectively. The significance of nitrogen adaptability and g was discussed.

Thinking about Time

AKITA, Shigeru,MUKHERJEE, Rila The Asian Association of World Historians 2016 The Asian review of world histories Vol.4 No.1

Analysis and Synthesis of Driving Behavior based on Mode Segmentation

Toshikazu Akita,Tatsuya Suzuki,Soichiro Hayakawa,Shinkichi Inagaki 제어로봇시스템학회 2008 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2008 No.10

This paper presents the development of the modeling of human driving behavior based on an expression as a hybrid system (HS) focusing on the driver’ vehicle following task. In our modeling, a relationship between the diver’ sensory information and the output of driver is expressed by the piecewise ARX (PWARX) model, which is a class of the HS. As the sensory input, the range between vehicles, range rate, and time derivative of the area of the back of the preceding vehicle (called KdB) are considered. Also, the pedal operation is considered as the output. The identification problem for the PWARX model is solved using the clustering based technique. By introducing the PWARX model, it becomes possible to find not only parameters appearing in the operation in each mode but also parameters in the logical switching (decision making) conditions among them from the measured driving data. Furthermore, the obtained model is exploited for the design of assist system especially focusing on the switching condition of the ON/OFF of assist. The usefulness of the proposed assist system is confirmed by experiments.

Optimizing Biomachining Material Removal Rate Through Oxygen Addition to the Bacteria’s Culture by an Air Supply System

Mohammad Akita Indianto,Iman Santoso,Jos Istiyanto,Tae Jo Ko 한국정밀공학회 2023 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.24 No.12

Optimizing material removal rate has been one challenge in developing biomachining, an alternative option for the green machining process for metal substrates. As such, several research papers have tried to seek new knowledge by adjusting biomachining parameters such as temperature, shaking rate, pH, and Fe+ concentration. This research provides new knowledge to optimize the biomachining material removal rate by adding oxygen to the bacteria’s culture. Oxygen is an important factor in the aerobic metabolism of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans, the biomachining agent. An air supply system adds oxygen to the bacteria’s culture. The added oxygen successfully enhances the material removal rate of the biomachining process by an average enhancement of about four times through a copper biomachining process. On the other hand, an increment of surface roughness of about two times was also observed. These effects of oxygen are important findings to overcome the low material removal rate of the biomachining. On a further note, to optimize the biomachining process, this process should be combined with other known parameters such as temperature, shaking rate, pH, and Fe+ concentration. An optimized process of biomachining will have a wide range of material removal rates and surface roughness. It can be utilized in MEMS fabrications such as micro/nano copper antennas, micro heat exchangers, and lab-on-chip devices.

Recent Curriculum Reform in Japan: The Future of Everyday-Life-Oriented Curriculum

Kiyomi Akita 한국유아교육학회 2011 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION Vol.17 No.1

This paper consists of three parts. The first part is about the current social context in regards to the turning point of ECEC systems. The low birth rate and the diversification of educational and child care needs call for changes in the current system. The second part is about the historical changes of the Japanese curriculum. The reasons why the curriculum was revised and what points were considered in the revision were introduced. The last part discusses the current situation; the present curriculum revised in 2008 and what direction our system is moving towards. The case of school-based curriculum as a bottom-up curriculum is presented in order to improve professional learning communities.