Effective Diagnosis and Monitoring of Heart Disease

Ahmed Fawzi Otoom,Emad E. Abdallah,Yousef Kilani,Ahmed Kefaye,Mohammad Ashour 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of Software Engineering and Vol.9 No.1

Wearable sensor mobile technologies and machine learning techniques are considered as two of the key research areas in the computer science and healthcare application industries. Our main aim is to build a simple yet accurate mobile application that is capable of real-time diagnosis and monitoring of patients with Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) or heart disease which is a major cause of death worldwide. Most available mobile healthcare systems focus on the data acquisition and monitoring component with little attention paid to real-time diagnosis. In this work, we build an intelligent classifier that is capable of predicting a heart disease problem based on clinical data entered by the user or the doctor and by using machine learning algorithms. This diagnosis component is integrated in the mobile application with a real-time monitoring component that continuously monitors the patient and raises an alarm whenever an emergency occurs. Our results show that the proposed diagnosis component has proved successful with a classification performance accuracy of more than 85% with the cross-validation test. Moreover, the monitoring algorithm provided a 100% detection rate.

Pinocembrin Reduces Arthritic Symptoms in Mouse Model via Targeting Sox4 Signaling Molecules

Emad A Ahmed,Hairul-Islam Mohamed Ibrahim,Hany Ezzat Khalil 한국식품영양과학회 2021 Journal of medicinal food Vol.24 No.3

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune, multifactorial, inflammatory disorder characterized by hyperplasia and infiltration of inflammatory cells at the synovial lining leading to destruction of cartilage and bone tissues. Pinocembrin (PCB) is a natural flavonoid extracted as a pure molecule from honey, propolis, and some plants. In this study, we evaluated the antiarthritic effect of PCB in adjuvant induced arthritis (AIA) mice. Treating the AIA mouse model with PCB reduced the arthritis symptoms/score, including edema size, extent of hind paw redness, abnormal movement, and holding inability. At the pathological level, PCB significantly decreased the joint erosion and percentages of infiltrated inflammatory cells. Biochemically, PCB interacts with the transcription factor, SRY-related HMG-box 4 (Sox4), and then modulates its dysregulated expression and the expression of Sox4/Stat3 signaling molecules in AIA mice. These molecules include tumor necrosis factor-α, nuclear transcription factor kappaB, and cyclooxygenase-2, besides the microRNAs; miR-132, miR-202-5p, and miR-7235, which are dysregulated in adjuvant-induced arthritis model relative to the control mice. The possible PCB interaction with Sox4 transcriptional protein was confirmed through molecular docking where three hydrogen bonds were formed at ARG and LYS residues at a stable binding energy of −4.72. Taken together, our data demonstrate that PCB could serve as a therapeutic drug in treatment of RA.

Biotechnological application of plant growth-promoting endophytic bacteria isolated from halophytic plants to ameliorate salinity tolerance of Vicia faba L.

Mahgoub Hany A. M.,Fouda Amr,Eid Ahmed M.,Ewais Emad El-Din,Hassan Saad El-Din 한국식물생명공학회 2021 Plant biotechnology reports Vol.15 No.6

Salinity is a major problem affecting crop production all over the world. A wide range of adaptation strategies are required to overcome this problem. Endophytic bacteria can build a symbiotic association with their host to improve host plant salt tolerance. In this study, eighteen bacterial endophyte strains were isolated from two native halophytic plants Arthrocnemum macrostachyum and Spergularia marina, and identified as Bacillus, Brevibacillus, Agrobacterium, and Paenibacillus. These endophytic strains exhibit plant growth-promoting activities including phosphate solubilizing, ammonia production, bio- control of phytopathogen, extracellular enzymatic activities, and indole-3-acetic acid production under normal and salinity stress. A pot experiment was conducted under field conditions to alleviate the harmful effects of soil salinity on bean (Vicia faba L.) by inoculating their seeds with the most potent bacterial isolates Bacillus subtilis (AR5) and Bacillus thuringiensis (BR1). Salinity treatments induced a significant decrease in both growth parameters and metabolic activities, while the activ- ity of antioxidant enzymes and proline content was significantly increased. However, salinity stress induced higher contents of Na+ and decreased contents of N+, P3+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, and K+:Na+, it was found that treatment with B. subtilis (AR5) and B. thuringiensis (BR1) individually or in a combination mitigated the effect of salt stress and improved the plant height, shoot dry weights, proline contents, enzymes activities as well enhanced the accumulation of mineral nutrients in shoot plants. Our results concluded that treatment with co-inoculation of B. subtilis (AR5) and B. thuringiensis (BR1) exerted the greatest effect in alleviating the harmful effect of soil salinity stress and can be used as a suitable bio-approach to reclaim salinity-stressed soils.

Low temperature synthesis of nano-crystalline h-boron nitride from boric acid/ urea precursors

Dina H.A. Besisa,Mahmoud A. A. Hagras,Emad M.M. Ewais,Yasser M. Z. Ahmed,Zaki I. Zaki,Adel Ahmed 한양대학교 세라믹연구소 2016 Journal of Ceramic Processing Research Vol.17 No.12

Nano-crystalline hexagonal-boron nitride (h-BN) have promised a broad range of interesting applications due to its uniquecharacteristics. In this work, nano-structured h-BN has synthesized by a low temperature-one step reaction of completelydissolved solution of commercial and low cost boric acid and urea fertilizer. Effect of different concentrations of urea, reactionatmosphere (air-N2) and firing temperature (600, 800 oC) on the production of h-BN and type of yield were investigated. Theformation of hexagonal boron nitride was proved from the binding energy for boron and nitrogen obtained from the X- rayphotoelectron spectrum (XPS). The structural phase of the product was confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transforminfrared (FT-IR) and differential thermal analysis (DTA). Transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) has revealed the nanostructure nature of the synthesized boron nitride. The results indicated that, nano-crystalline h-BN with a crystallite size of ≈ 4.5nm has formed at low temperature of 800 oC. Moreover, a good thermal stability and oxidation resistance of h-BN can besynthesized with low cost and at low temperature in the nanoscale and has high potential to be used in advanced applications.

Production of high-quality glass foam from soda lime glass waste using SiC-AlN foaming agent

El-Amir Ahmed A. M.,Attia Mohammed A. A.,Fend Thomas,Ewais Emad M. M. 한국세라믹학회 2022 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.59 No.4

This research presents the possibility of producing durable foam glasses from glass cullet using SiC/AlN foaming agent. The foaming agent generated by the SiC and AlN couple results in a more homogeneous microstructure and thus the emergence of foam glasses with better properties compared to the nitride foaming agent used alone in our previous work. The fabricated foam had a crack-free, 3-D cellular structure with macropores whose geometries varied between elliptical-, pentagonal-, and hexagonal-shaped constructions. It also had a lightweight (≥ 0.18 g/cm 3 ), high cold crushing strength (≤ 4.5 MPa), low thermal conductivity (0.09–0.16 W/m K), and contained more than ~ 89 vol.% gas bubbles enclosed between 11 vol.% impervious glass walls. The properties accomplished by the foam prepared in this work conform with the requirements of international standard for commercial glass foams, demonstrating its strong capability to be utilized in potential applications in sustainable buildings and energy efficiency in industry.

Swertiamarin ameliorates inflammation and oxidative damage in autoimmune encephalomyelitis mouse model

Ibrahim Hairul-Islam Mohamed,Ahmed Emad A.,Alzahrani Abdullah M.,Sayed Abdullah A.,Hanieh Hamza 한국응용생명화학회 2022 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.65 No.2

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a degenerative autoimmune disease attacks the myelin sheath of the central nervous system (CNS) neurons causing different disabilities. According to recent evidence, the main bioactive component in Enicostema axillare , the Swrtiamarin (SM) has been found to exert anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities against several diseases. However, SM activities in treatment of autoimmune diseases remain to be explored. Herein, we used a murine model of MS, to show that SM treatment ameliorates the severity of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). This occurs through reducing the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and infiltration of CD4+CD45+ cells into CNS. That was associated with a reduction in the expression of STAT3 and NFkB in CD4+ T cells under Th17 and LPS-stimulated macrophages. Furthermore, in silico studies revealed that SM interacts with NF-E2-related factor 2 (NRF2), and therefore, suppressed oxidative stress by inducing formation NRF2-antioxidant response element (ARE) complex. We found that SM is an agonist of NRF2 complex regulating the total CD4 population and antioxidant markers in EAE mice. Molecular docking analysis showed a stable and higher binding affinity between SM and NRF2. Results revealed that SM treatment increased the complex formation between ARE and NRF2 where immunoprecipitation methods showed a higher binding affinity of ARE to NRF2 in SM treated animals. Complex formation triggered ARE cascade of antioxidant gene clusters and reduces the MS pathological alterations in EAE mice model. Current data proposed SM as an effective biomolecule in treatment of MS and controlling neuronal damage through inhibiting oxidative stress markers and targeting NRF2.

Apocynin abrogates methotrexate-induced nephrotoxicity: role of TLR4/NF-κB-p65/p38-MAPK, IL-6/STAT-3, PPAR-γ, and SIRT1/FOXO3 signaling pathways

Emad H. M. Hassanein,Ahmed M. Sayed,Omnia A. M. Abd El-Ghafar,Zainab M. M. Omar,Eman K. Rashwan,Zuhair M. Mohammedsaleh,So Young Kyung,Jae Hyeon Park,Hyung Sik Kim,Fares E. M. Ali 대한약학회 2023 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.46 No.4

The present study was designed to evaluate the potential renoprotective impacts of apocynin (APC) against nephrotoxicity induced by methotrexate (MTX) administration. To fulfill this aim, rats were allocated into four groups: control; APC (100 mg/kg/day; orally); MTX (20 mg/kg; single intraperitoneal dose at the end of the 5th day of the experiment); and APC +MTX (APC was given orally for 5 days before and 5 days after induction of renal toxicity by MTX). On the 11th day, samples were collected to estimate kidney function biomarkers, oxidative stress, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and other molecular targets. Compared to the MTX control group, treatment with APC significantly decreased urea, creatinine, and KIM-1 levels and improved kidney histological alterations. Furthermore, APC restored oxidant/antioxidant balance, as evidenced by a remarkable alleviation of MDA, GSH, SOD, and MPO levels. Additionally, the iNOS, NO, p-NF-κB-p65, Ace-NF-κB-p65, TLR4, p-p38-MAPK, p-JAK1, and p-STAT-3 expressions were reduced, while the IκBα, PPAR-γ, SIRT1, and FOXO3 expressions were significantly increased. In NRK-52E cells, MTX-induced cytotoxicity was protected by APC in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, increased expression of p-STAT-3 and p-JAK1/2 levels were reduced in MTX-treated NRK-52E cells by APC. The in vitro experiments revealed that APC-protected MTX-mediated renal tubular epithelial cells were damaged by inhibiting the JAK/STAT3 pathway. Besides, our in vivo and in vitro results were confirmed by predicting computational pharmacology results using molecular docking and network pharmacology analysis. In conclusion, our findings proved that APC could be a good candidate for MTX-induced renal damage due to its strong antioxidative and anti-inflammatory bioactivities.

Green tea ameliorates the side effects of the silver nanoparticles treatment of Ehrlich ascites tumor in mice

Ahmed Magdy,Emad Sadaka,Nemany Hanafy,Mohammed A. El‑Magd,Nasr Allahloubi,Maged El Kemary 대한독성 유전단백체 학회 2020 Molecular & cellular toxicology Vol.16 No.3

Background Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have anti-cancer effects with fewer side effects than standard chemotherapeutic agents, however, they exert oxidative stress-based adverse effects on normal cells and so their applications have raised concern about possible health and environmental risks. Objective We evaluated whether green tea extract (GTE), which contains potent antioxidants, could ameliorate AgNPs geno-, cyto-, and histotoxicities without decreasing their therapeutic potential against Ehrlich ascetic carcinoma (EAC). Results GTE enhanced the anti-cancer effect of AgNPs against EAC cells and ameliorated the genotoxic effect of AgNPs as indicated by lowering chromosomal aberrations and micronucleus frequencies. Additionally, GTE relieved most of degenerative histological changes induced by AgNPs. GTE restored the increased MDA and the decreased SOD, GPx and CAT serum levels induced by AgNPs to levels comparable to normal. The pre-treatment with GTE and AgNPs showed better improvement than the post-treatment strategy. Conclusions GTE can not only ameliorate AgNPs-induced adverse effects but also improve their anti-cancer effect against EAC. So, it could be useful in the treatment of liver dysfunction associated with AgNPs.

A Two State Feedback Active Damping Strategy for the LCL Filter Resonance in Grid-Connected Converters

Gaafar, Mahmoud A.,Ahmed, Emad M.,Shoyama, Masahito The Korean Institute of Power Electronics 2016 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.16 No.4

A novel active damping strategy for the LCL filter resonance is proposed using the grid current and the capacitor voltage. The proposed technique is deduced in the continuous time domain and a discussion for its discrete implementation is presented. According to the proposed technique, instability of the open loop system, which results in non-minimum phase behavior, can be avoided over wide range of resonant frequencies. Moreover, straightforward co-design steps for both the fundamental current regulator and the active damping loops can be used. A numerical example along with experimental results are introduced to validate the proposed strategy performance over wide range of resonant frequencies.

A nonlocal system for the identification of active vibration response of chiral double walled CNTs

Sami Alghamdi,Muzamal Hussain,Mohamed A. Khadimallah,Sehar Asghar,Emad Ghandourah,Ahmed Obaid M. Alzahrani,M.A. Alzahrani 국제구조공학회 2022 Steel and Composite Structures, An International J Vol.42 No.3

In this study, an estimation regarding nonlocal shell model based on wave propagation approach has been considered for vibrational behavior of the double walled carbon nanotubes with distinct nonlocal parameters. Vibrations of double walled carbon nanotubes for chiral indices (8, 3) have been analyzed. The significance of small scale is being perceived by developing nonlocal Love shell model. The influence of changing mechanical parameter Poisson’s ratio has been investigated in detail. The dominance of boundary conditions via nonlocal parameter is shown graphically. It is found that on increasing the Poisson’s ratio, the frequencies increases. It is noted that the frequencies of clamped-clamped frequencies are higher than that of simply-supported and clamped-free edge conditions. The outcomes of frequencies are tested with earlier computations.