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El-Rahman, Atef Abd El-Mohsen Abd,El-Shafei, Sally Mohamed Abd El-Aziz,Ivanova, Elena Vladimirovna,Fattakhova, Alfia Nurlimanovna,Pankova, Anna Victorovna,El-Shafei, Mohamed Abd El-Aziz,El-Morsi, El-M Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.17
Trichoderma spp. are known as a rich source of secondary metabolites with biological activity belonging to a variety of classes of chemical compounds. These fungi also are well known for their ability to produce a wide range of antibiotic substances and to parasitize other fungi. In search for new substances, which might act as anticancer agents, the overall objective of this study was to investigate the cytotoxic effects of Trichoderma harzianum and Trichoderma asperellum cultural filtrates against human cervical and breast cancer cell lines (HeLa and MCF-7 cells respectively). To achieve this objective, cells were exposed to 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 mg/ml of both T. harzianum cultural filtrate (ThCF) and T. asperellum cultural filtrate (TaCF) for 24h, then the cell viability and the cytotoxic responses were assessed by using trypan blue and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl)-2,5-biphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays. Morphological changes in cells were investigated by phase contrast inverted microscopy. The results showed that ThCF and TaCF significantly reduce the cell viability, have cytotoxic effects and alter the cellular morphology of HeLa and MCF-7 cells in a concentration dependent manner. A concentration of 80 and 100mg/ml of ThCF resulted in a sharp decline in the cell viability percent of HeLa and MCF-7 respectively (25.2%, 26.5%) which was recorded by trypan blue assay. The half-maximal inhibitory concentrations ($IC_{50}$) of ThCF and TaCF in HeLa and MCF-7 were recorded as 16.6, 12.0, 19.6 and 0.70mg/ml respectively by MTT assay. These results revealed that ThCF and TaCF have a substantial ability to reduce the viability and proliferation of human cervical and breast cancer cells.
Franchising for Global Distribution: A Systematic Review
Nurul Ashykin ABD AZIZ,Mohamad Rohieszan RAMDAN,Khairunnisa ABDUL AZIZ,Hasif Rafidee HASBOLLAH,Noreen Noor ABD AZIZ,Nik Syuhailah NIK HUSSIN,Md Zaki MUHAMAD HASAN 한국유통과학회 2023 유통과학연구 Vol.21 No.10
Purpose: The purpose of this study is to explore areas that have been studied extensively in previous studies related to franchising as a platform for global distribution. Furthermore, franchising is a strategic distribution method that gives entrepreneurs the opportunity to replicate an established business model. In addition, franchisees benefit from the use of established branding and receive support from the franchisor. Research design, data, and methodology: This study used the Preferred Reporting Items Systematics Review and Meta- Analyses (PRISMA) method to analyse data from 2003 to 2023 in the Web of Science and Scopus databases. Results: A total of 79 articles were identified and analysed to see trends and related themes such as product distribution, business distribution, business strategy, emerging market, and franchising relationship. Also, publication trends by year related to franchises are also presented. Conclusions: Overall, the research trend related to franchising as a global distribution is well seen, and every year, many researchers begin to explore the topic of franchising as a method of distribution that can be explored from various aspects either quantitatively or qualitatively. Lastly, limitations and recommendations are made to provide guidance for future studies related to the topic broadly and deeply in enriching the findings.
MAHMUDDIN Yasmin,ABDULLAH Mazilah,RAMDAN Mohamad Rohieszan,MOHD ANIM Nur Aqilah Hazirah,ABD AZIZ Nurul Ashykin,ABD AZIZ Nurul Aien,YAHAYA Rusliza,ABD AZIZ Noreen Noor 한국유통과학회 2022 유통과학연구 Vol.20 No.8
Purpose: Online shopping festivals have quickly become the newest trend in online shopping worldwide due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This has led to marketing distribution channels that traditionally emphasized traditional techniques having turned to electronic commerce platforms. Although the pandemic scenario encourages online purchasing, other factors, such as the influence of participation intention to shop during the Online Shopping Festival, must also be considered. Research design, data and methodology: Multiple linear regression analysis was used to test the hypothesis based on data from 121 respondents who are actively involved with online shopping activities in Klang Valley, Selangor. Results: The results of this study show that promotion categories and the perceived influence of mass participation have a significant influence on participation intention. Meanwhile, the perceived temptation of price promotion and perceived fun promotional activities did not significantly influence participation intention. Conclusions: Theoretically, this study contributes to the literature by using the Theory of Planned Behavior and Stimulus-Response models to explain the factors that drive participation intention for online shopping. In practice, this study attracts and encourages customers to shop during the festival day because various attractive promotions are offered by sellers in Malaysia
Abd Aziz, Azilah,Lee, Kwangyul,Park, Byeonghyeok,Park, Hongjae,Park, Kihong,Choi, In-Geol,Chang, In Seop Elsevier 2018 Atmospheric environment Vol.194 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Asian dust (AD) events increase environmental pollution and have a detrimental effect on human health. Particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter <2.5 μm (PM<SUB>2.5</SUB>) and containing airborne microorganisms increases during AD events due to the transportation of dust by wind from several arid regions in China. This study analyzed the bacterial and fungal communities associated with average daily PM<SUB>2.5</SUB> concentrations less than (on non-event day: ND) and exceeding (on event day: ED) the air quality standard (36 μg PM<SUB>2.5</SUB> m<SUP>-3</SUP>) set by the Korean government. The taxon compositions and functional genes of airborne microorganisms were assessed using shotgun metagenomics sequencing and metagenome rapid annotation using subsystem technology (MG-RAST) analysis. MG-RAST is an open source web application, serving as a platform that automatically analyzes uploaded metagenomes. During ND, 51% of total bacteria sequences consisted of those from <I>Proteobacteria</I>, which were closely related to nitrogen-fixing bacterial species. A high percentage of functional genes consisted of those genes related to nitrogen metabolism, suggesting that the airborne microorganisms are associated with environmental nitrogen cycles. During ED, 57% of total bacteria sequences consisted of those from <I>Bacteroidetes</I>, accompanied by high relative abundance of sequences from pathogenic species of <I>Bacillus</I> and <I>Staphylococcus</I>. Fungal sequences were mainly composed of those from the phyla <I>Ascomycota</I> and <I>Basidiomycota</I>, which include spore-forming species transported frequently by wind. The abundance of <I>Ascomycota</I> sequences was higher in ED (81%) than in ND (22%) samples, and mainly included those from the plant pathogens <I>Phaeosphaeria</I> and <I>Pyrenophora</I>. These findings indicated that microbial composition shifted from ND to ED samples, even at the phylum level. This switch was likely due to the sources of dust particles, with those during ED being primarily from arid regions in Mongolia and industrial regions in China. Additional studies are required to further understand the diversification of airborne microbial communities in downwind areas.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> The bacterial community differed between non-event (ND) and event days (ED). </LI> <LI> <I>Proteobacteria</I> dominated during ND, while <I>Bacteroidetes</I> dominated during ED. </LI> <LI> <I>Ascomycota</I> were highly abundant, especially during ED. </LI> <LI> Several pathogenic genera were identified, and proportion was higher during ED. </LI> <LI> Functional genes related to nitrogen metabolism were abundant during ND. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
Aziz, Norhazirah Abd,Ghazali, Adiana,Ahmad, Nurul Izzah,Ahmad, Ahmad Shamsudin,Ong, Meng Chuan The Korean Society of Fisheries and Aquatic Scienc 2022 Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Vol.25 No.3
Despite the beneficial aspect of fish consumption, bioaccumulation of toxic metals such as arsenic (As) and mercury (Hg) can enhance the health risk for the consumers. Arsenic and Hg concentrations were measured in edible tissue and two targeted organs, namely gill and liver of longtail tuna species (Thunnus tonggol) from Terengganu waters, including Kuala Besut, Kuala Terengganu, Dungun and Kemaman. The concentration of As and Hg were analysed by using inductively coupled plasma- mass spectrometry. The mean concentrations of both elements were significantly different (p < 0.05) among the locations and targeted organs. The hierarchy of As and Hg mean concentrations in muscle samples were Dungun > Kuala Besut > Kemaman > Kuala Terengganu. The mean concentration of As in all samples, including muscle, exceeded the permitted level set by Malaysia Food Act. Estimate Weekly Intake (EWI) was conducted to assess the health risk effect, and 63 kg was used as the average body weight of Malaysian adults. However, the EWI values show that the weekly intake of As and Hg does not exceed the provisional tolerable weekly intake limit suggested by Food and Agricultural Organization for the United Nations and is considered safe to be consumed.