Energy utilization, nutrient digestibility and bone quality of broiler chickens fed Tanzania-type diets in different forms with enzymes

( Edwin Peter Chang’a ),( Medani Eldow Abdallh ),( Emmanuel Uchenna Ahiwe ),( Mohammed Al-qahtani ),( Said Mbaga ),( Paul Ade Iji ) 한국축산학회 2019 한국축산학회지 Vol.61 No.4

A study was conducted to determine the influence of feed form and microbial enzyme supplementation on energy utilization, bone quality, and amino acid and mineral digestibility of broiler chickens. Four hundred and eighty Ross 308, day-old broiler chickens were randomly assigned to eight diets formulated from commonly used ingredients in Tanzania. A 2 (pellet or mash) × 4 (control, Axtra XB, Quantum Blue (QB) and Axtra XB + QB enzyme) factorial array in a completely randomized design having six replicates per treatment (10 birds per replicate) was used. Birds were raised in climate-controlled rooms in a 3-phase; starter (0-10 days), grower (11-24 days) and finisher (25-35 days). Apparent metabolizable energy (AME), metabolizable energy intake, net energy of production, energy retained as protein (REp), and efficiency of metabolizable energy use for energy and protein retention were higher (p < 0.05) in birds fed pelleted diets. The AME and REp was higher (p < 0.05) with enzyme supplementation. Ash content, weight, length, width and breaking strength of tibia bones were highest (p < 0.05) in birds on pelleted diets. Tibia bone traits were improved (p < 0.05) when enzymes were included, particularly in a combination of QB and Axtra XB. However, potassium, magnesium, and zinc contents were highest (p < 0.05) when QB was supplemented. Digestibility of all amino acids was higher (p < 0.05) in birds supplied with pellets and with enzyme supplementation for most amino acids, except for serine. There was a positive interaction (p < 0.05) between feed form and enzymes on lysine and phenylalanine digestibility. Digestibility of Ca, P, K, S, Zn, and Fe was higher (p < 0.05) in birds fed pelleted diets, while those on mashed diets had higher (p < 0.05) digestibility of Cu and B. The digestibility of P, K, and Zn was highest (p < 0.001) when QB was added, while Ca, P, S, and B digestibility was highest when a combination of Axtra XB + QB was applied. Pelleted diets with or without enzymes improved energy utilization, digestibility of amino acids, and minerals, and increased bone strength in broiler chickens.

Performance Simulation of a Solar Powered Vapor Absorption Cooling System

Syed A. M. Said,Hamza K. Mukhtar,Umro M. Qutub 대한설비공학회 2020 International Journal Of Air-Conditioning and Refr Vol.28 No.3

This paper presets the performance of a single effect absorption cooling systemunder three different climates in Saudi Arabia. The considered system capacity is 10.5kW and ised LiBr/water pair. The study results indicated that condsidering the dynamic response of the cooling cycle increases significantly(close to 30%) the time taken to reach steady-state operations and that the sensitivity of the system to from precipitation of LiBr also inceases. Also, the dynamic performance was investigated inder different heat inputs and resulted in shorter transient period with increasing the heat input. In addition, the performance of the solar absorption system was investigated for a representative summer day in different climatic regions in Saudi Arabia. The results indicated the requirement of different areas of collectors to meet the absorber heating demand from 09:00 a.m. to 04:00p.m. if there is no auxiliary heating. Auxiliaty heatin is required from 04:00p.m. to 09:00a.m.. Finally, the results indicated that the system performs better in Riyadh sity than in Dhahran and Jeddah. This study emphasizes the impertance of taking into consideration the thermal inertia of the system components when analyzing the performance of such systems.

Replacement value of cassava for maize in broiler chicken diets supplemented with enzymes

Chang'a Edwin Peter,Abdallh Medani Eldow,Ahiwe Emmanuel Uchenna,Mbaga Said,Zhu Ze Yuan,Fru-Nji Fidelis,Iji Paul Ade 아세아·태평양축산학회 2020 Animal Bioscience Vol.33 No.7

Objective: Pellet durability, particle size distribution, growth response, tibia bone characteristics and energy retention were measured to evaluate cassava as an alternative energy source to replace maize in broiler diets with or without Ronozyme (A+VP) enzyme composites. Methods: A total of 480 one-day broiler chicks were randomly assigned to 8 treatments in a 4×2 factorial arrangement. Four levels of cassava: (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%) and 2 levels of enzymes (0 and 500 g/tonne) were used. Each treatment was replicated six times, with ten birds per replicate. Results: The particle size distribution in the diets showed an increasing trend of small particles with increase in cassava level. Pellet durability decreased (p<0.05) with cassava inclusion. Feed intake was highest in birds fed diets with medium cassava level at 1 to 24 d and 1 to 35 d of age. The body weight gain of birds reduced (p<0.037) as cassava level increased, but it increased (p<0.017 when enzymes were added. The feed conversion ratio was high (p<0.05) when cassava level was increased, but it reduced (p<0.05) when enzymes were added. The dressing percentage (DP), and weight of drumsticks reduced (p<0.05) with increasing cassava level. Enzyme supplementation increased (p<0.05) DP, and weight of breast, thighs and drumsticks. Ash content, weight, length, width, and bone strength decreased (p<0.05) when cassava level was increased, however, they were increased with enzyme addition. The contents of Ca, K, and Zn were raised (p<0.001) with increasing cassava level. Enzyme inclusion increased (p<0.001) all mineral contents in tibia bones. Body fat and energy retained as fat decreased (p<0.001) as cassava level increased. Enzyme inclusion increased (p<0.05) body protein content and energy retained as protein. Conclusion: Although broiler performance was depressed by high levels of cassava inclusion, it was not affected by low levels, which further improved by enzyme supplementation.

Purification and Characterization of a New L-Methioninase from Solid Cultures of Aspergillus flavipes

Ashraf S. A. El-Sayed 한국미생물학회 2011 The journal of microbiology Vol.49 No.1

L-Methioninase was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity from cultures of Aspergillus flavipes using anionexchange and gel filtration chromatography by 12.1 fold compared to the crude enzyme preparation. The purified enzyme had a molecular mass of 47 kDa under denaturing conditions and an isoelectric point of 5.8 with no structural glycosyl residues. The enzyme had optimum activity at pH 7.8 and pH stability from 6.8-8.0 at 35°C. The enzyme appeared to be catalytically stable below 40°C. The enzyme activity was strongly inhibited by DL-propargylglycine, hydroxylamine, PMSF, 2-mercaptoethanol, Hg^(2+), Cu^(2+), and Fe^(2+), with slight inhibition by Triton X-100. A. flavipes L-methioninase has a higher catalytic affinity towards L-methionine (Km, 6.5 mM and Kcat, 14.1 S^(-1)) followed by a relative demethiolating activity to L-homocysteine (Km, 12 mM and Kcat, 9.3 S^(-1)). The enzyme has two absorption maxima at 280 and 420 nm,typical of other PLP-enzymes. Apo-L-methioninase has the ability to reconstitute its structural catalytic state completely upon addition of 0.15 mM PLP. L-Methioninase has neither an appreciable effect on liver function, platelet aggregation, nor hemolysis of human blood. The purified L-methioninase from solid cultures of A. flavipes displayed unique biochemical and catalytic properties over the currently applied Pseudomonad enzyme.

Synthesis and cytotoxic activity of certain trisubstituted azetidin- 2-one derivatives as a cis-restricted combretastatin A-4 analogues

Salwa Elmeligie,Azza T. Taher,Nadia A. Khalil,Ahmed H. El-said 대한약학회 2017 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.40 No.1

Novel series of 1,3,4-trisubstituted azetidin-2-one derivatives 8a–p were synthesized and proposed ascytotoxic agents acting via inhibition of tubulin at thecolchicine binding site. The design of the target compoundswas based upon modification in the structure of the vasculartargeting agent combretastatin A-4 (CA-4). The cisdouble bond linker in CA-4 was replaced with the azetidin-2-one ring aiming to prevent the cis/trans isomerizationthat suppresses the activity of CA-4, thereby enhancing itsantiproliferative activity. All new compounds were investigatedin vitro against MCF-7 and HCT-116 cell lines. Theinhibition of tubulin polymerization by four most potentcompounds 8g, 8j, 8n and 8o was also evaluated. Thesynthesis of the final targets was achieved adopting Staudingerreaction. Molecular modeling studies were performedto rationalize the biological results.

Camel Milk as an Adjuvant Therapy for the Treatment of Type 1 Diabetes: Verification of a Traditional Ethnomedical Practice

Ragaa Hosny Mohamad,Zekry Khalid Zekry,Hussain A. Al-Mehdar,Omar Salama,Siad Ebrahim El-Shaieb,Amany A. El-Basmy,Mohamad Gamil Abdel Monem Al-said,Sabry Mohamed Sharawy 한국식품영양과학회 2009 Journal of medicinal food Vol.12 No.2

There is a traditional belief in the Middle East that regular consumption of camel milk may aid in prevention and control of diabetes. The aim of this work was to evaluate the efficacy of camel milk as an adjuvant therapy in young type 1 diabetics. This 16-week randomized study enrolled 54 type 1 diabetic patients (average age 20 years) selected from those attending the outpatient diabetes clinic of the Menofia University Hospital, affiliated with Egypt's National Cancer Institute. Subjects were randomly divided into two groups of 27 patients: one received usual management (diet, exercise, and insulin), whereas the other received 500 mL of camel milk daily in addition to standard management. A control group of 10 healthy subjects was also assessed. The following parameters were evaluated at baseline and at 4 and 16 weeks: hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), human C-peptide, lipid profile, serum insulin, anti-insulin antibodies, creatinine clearance, albumin in 24-hour urine, body mass index, and Diabetes Quality of Life score. The following parameters were significantly different between the usual-management group versus the camel milk group after 16 weeks: fasting blood sugar (227.2 ± 17.7 vs. 98.9 ± 16.2 mg/dL), HbA1c (9.59 ± 2.05[%] vs. 7.16 ± 1.84[%]), serum anti-insulin antibodies (26.20 ± 7.69 vs. 20.92 ± 5.45 μU/mL), urinary albumin excretion (25.17 ± 5.43 vs. 14.54 ± 5.62 mg/dL/24 hours), daily insulin dose (48.1 ± 6.95 vs. 23 ± 4.05 units), and body mass index (18.43 ± 3.59 vs. 24.3 ± 2.95 kg/m2). Most notably, C-peptide levels were markedly higher in the camel milk group (0.28 ± 0.6 vs. 2.30 ± 0.51 pmol/mL). These results suggest that, as an adjunct to standard management, daily ingestion of camel milk can aid metabolic control in young type 1 diabetics, at least in part by boosting endogenous insulin secretion.

Camel Milk as an Adjuvant Therapy for the Treatment of Type 1 Diabetes: Verification of a Traditional Ethnomedical Practice

Al-Tahtawy, Ragaa Hosny Mohamad,Zekry, Zekry Khalid,Al-Mehdar, Hussain A.,Salama, Omar,El-Shaieb, Siad Ebrahim,El-Basmy, Amany A.,Al-said, Mohamad Gamil Abdel Monem,Sharawy, Sabry Mohamed The Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition 2009 Journal of medicinal food Vol.12 No.2

There is a traditional belief in the Middle East that regular consumption of camel milk may aid in prevention and control of diabetes. The aim of this work was to evaluate the efficacy of camel milk as an adjuvant therapy in young type 1 diabetics. This 16-week randomized study enrolled 54 type 1 diabetic patients (average age 20 years) selected from those attending the outpatient diabetes clinic of the Menofia University Hospital, affiliated with Egypt's National Cancer Institute. Subjects were randomly divided into two groups of 27 patients: one received usual management (diet, exercise, and insulin), whereas the other received 500 mL of camel milk daily in addition to standard management. A control group of 10 healthy subjects was also assessed. The following parameters were evaluated at baseline and at 4 and 16 weeks: hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), human C-peptide, lipid profile, serum insulin, anti-insulin antibodies, creatinine clearance, albumin in 24-hour urine, body mass index, and Diabetes Quality of Life score. The following parameters were significantly different between the usual-management group versus the camel milk group after 16 weeks: fasting blood sugar ($227.2\;{\pm}\;17.7$ vs. $98.9\;{\pm}\;16.2\;mg/dL$), HbA1c ($9.59\;{\pm}\;2.05$[%] vs. $7.16\;{\pm}\;1.84$[%]), serum anti-insulin antibodies ($26.20\;{\pm}\;7.69$ vs. $20.92\;{\pm}\;5.45\;{\mu}U/mL$), urinary albumin excretion ($25.17\;{\pm}\;5.43$ vs. $14.54\;{\pm}\;5.62\;mg/dL$/24 hours), daily insulin dose ($48.1\;{\pm}\;6.95$ vs. $23\;{\pm}\;4.05$ units), and body mass index ($18.43\;{\pm}\;3.59$ vs. $24.3\;{\pm}\;2.95\;kg/m^2$). Most notably, C-peptide levels were markedly higher in the camel milk group ($0.28\;{\pm}\;0.6$ vs. $2.30\;{\pm}\;0.51\;pmol/mL$). These results suggest that, as an adjunct to standard management, daily ingestion of camel milk can aid metabolic control in young type 1 diabetics, at least in part by boosting endogenous insulin secretion.

Purification and Characterization of Anabaena flos-aquae Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase as a Novel Approach for Myristicin Biotransformation

Asmaa M. Arafa,Afaf E. Abdel-Ghany,Samih I. El-Dahmy,Sahar Abdelaziz,Yassin El-Ayouty,Ashraf S. A. El-Sayed 한국미생물·생명공학회 2020 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.30 No.4

Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) catalyzes the reversible deamination of phenylalanine to cinnamic acid and ammonia. Algae have been considered as biofactories for PAL production, however, biochemical characterization of PAL and its potency for myristicin biotransformation into MMDA (3-methoxy-4, 5-methylenedioxyamphetamine) has not been studied yet. Thus, PAL from Anabaena flos-aquae and Spirulina platensis has been purified, comparatively characterized and its affinity to transform myristicin was assessed. The specific activity of purified PAL from S. platensis (73.9 μmol/mg/min) and A. flos-aquae (30.5 μmol/mg/min) was increased by about 2.9 and 2.4 folds by gel-filtration comparing to their corresponding crude enzymes. Under denaturing-PAGE, a single proteineous band with a molecular mass of 64 kDa appeared for A. flos-aquae and S. platensis PAL. The biochemical properties of the purified PAL from both algal isolates were determined comparatively. The optimum temperature of S. platensis and A. flos-aquae PAL for forward or reverse activity was reported at 30oC, while the optimum pH for PAL enzyme isolated from A. flos-aquae was 8.9 for forward and reverse activities, and S. platensis PAL had maximum activities at pH 8.9 and 8 for forward and reverse reactions, respectively. Luckily, the purified PALs have the affinity to hydroaminate the myristicin to MMDA successfully in one step. Furthermore, a successful method for synthesis of MMDA from myristicin in two steps was also established. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis was conducted to track the product formation.

Longer-range lattice anisotropy strongly competing with spin-orbit interactions in pyrochlore iridates

Hozoi, L.,Gretarsson, H.,Clancy, J. P.,Jeon, B.-G.,Lee, B.,Kim, K. H.,Yushankhai, V.,Fulde, Peter,Casa, D.,Gog, T.,Kim, Jungho,Said, A. H.,Upton, M. H.,Kim, Young-June,van den Brink, Jeroen American Physical Society 2014 Physical review. B, Condensed matter and materials Vol.89 No.11

In the search for topological phases in correlated electron systems, materials with 5d transition-metal ions, in particular the iridium-based pyrochlores A2Ir2O7, provide fertile grounds. Several topological states have been predicted but the actual realization of such states is believed to critically depend on the strength of local potentials arising from distortions of the IrO6 cages. We test this hypothesis by measuring with resonant inelastic x-ray scattering the electronic level splittings in the A = Y, Eu systems, which we show to agree very well with ab initio quantum chemistry electronic-structure calculations for the series of materials with A = Sm, Eu, Lu, and Y. We find, however, that the primary source for quenching the spin-orbit interaction is not a distortion of the IrO6 octahedra but longer-range lattice anisotropies which inevitably break the local cubic symmetry.

Textural Evaluation of Al–Si–Cu Alloy Processed by Route BC-ECAP

Esmaeil Damavandi,Salman Nourouzi,Sayed Mahmood Rabiee,Roohollah Jamaati,Jerzy A. Szpunar 대한금속·재료학회 2021 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.27 No.8

In this study, route Bc of the equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) method has been successfully applied to the Al–Si–Cualloy at 400 °C. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electron backscatter difraction (EBSD) were used to analyze themicrostructure. Texture evolution was studied by the X-ray difraction (XRD) technique. The microstructural results showedthat at least four passes of route BC need to access uniform distribution of fne intermetallic compounds (IMCs) and eutecticsilicon particles (ESPs). The particle stimulated nucleation (PSN) and continuous dynamic recrystallization (CDRX) aretwo important mechanisms to refne the aluminum matrix in Al–Si–Cu alloy. The texture results revealed that owing to achange in the rotation direction of route BC in consecutive passes, this process led to creating diferent types of textures, inboth qualitative and quantitative senses. The A*1Ѳ and A*2Ѳ were the strongest texture components after the fourth pass ofroute BC. Regardless of route A, the route BC-ECAP process led to strengthen the {100}⟨001⟩ and {011}⟨100⟩ componentsand weaken the {001}⟨310⟩ component. Three components, {100}⟨110⟩, {021}⟨501⟩, and {013}⟨313⟩ were developed byroute BC. The efects of route BC on texture homogeneity were also studied.