음식물 폐기물류로 제조된 퇴비의 고형연료 가치 평가 연구

이경섭,장한별,정은지,도아름,하진욱 순천향대학교 부설 산업기술연구소 2021 순천향 산업기술연구소논문집 Vol.27 No.2

In 2019, the daily generation of food waste in Korea was 14,314 tons, which is a steady increase compared to the past. To efficiently use food waste as an effective resource, composting and feeding are carried out. In Korea, attention is gradually focused on a sustainable resource circulation society. Compost made of food waste has problems with foreign substances, heavy metals, and salt content, and solid fuelization research is being actively conducted to compensate for this. In this study, infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR), organic content measurement(TGA), and chemical composition were measured to compare the fuel characteristics with wood pellets, which are major solid fuels, in order to examine the physical and chemical properties of food waste compost.

A New Flavanone Glycoside from the Dried Immature Fruits of Poncirus trifoliata

HAN, Ah-Reum,KIM, Jong-Bin,LEE, Jun,NAM, Joo-Won,LEE, Ik-Soo,SHIM, Chang-Koo,LEE, Kyung-Tae,SEO, Eun-Kyoung 이화여자대학교 약학연구소 2008 藥學硏究論文集 Vol.- No.18

A new flavanone glycoside, (2R)-5-hydroxy-4'-methoxyflavanone-7-0-{β-glucopyranosyl-(1->2)-β-glucopyranoside} (1), was isolated from the EtOAc extract of dried immature fruit of Poncirus trifoliata, together with three known compounds, (2S)-poncirin (2), (2S)-naringin (3), and (2S)-poncirenin (4). The structure of compound 1 was elucidated by spectroscopic data analysis, including 1D and 2D NMR experiments. Among the isolates, compound 2 exhibited considerable inhibitory activity against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) production, and mRNA expression in RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cells.

Enhancement of X-ray detection by single-walled carbon nanotube enriched flexible polymer composite

Han, Heetak,Lee, Sanggeun,Seo, Jungmok,Mahata, Chandreswar,Cho, Sung Hwan,Han, A-Reum,Hong, Keun-Sung,Park, Joon-Ho,Soh, Myung-Jin,Park, Cheolmin,Lee, Taeyoon Springer-Verlag 2014 NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS Vol.9 No.1

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Although organic-based direct conversion X-ray detectors have been developed, their photocurrent generation efficiency has been limited by recombination of excitons due to the intrinsically poor electrical properties of organic materials. In this report, we fabricated a polymer-based flexible X-ray detector and enhanced the X-ray detection sensitivity using a single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) enriched polymer composite. When this SWNT enriched polymer composite was used as the active layer of an X-ray detector, it efficiently separated charges at the interface between the SWNTs and polymer, preventing recombination of X-ray-induced excitons. This increased the photocurrent generation efficiency, as measured from current-voltage characteristics. Therefore, X-ray-induced photocurrent and X-ray detection sensitivity were enhanced as the concentration of SWNTs in the composite was increased. However, this benefit was counterbalanced by the slow and unstable time-dependent response at high SWNT concentrations, arising from reduced Schottky barrier heights between the active layer and electrodes. At high SWNT concentration, the dark current also increased due to the reduced Schottky barrier height, leading to decrease the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the device. Experimental results indicated that 0.005 wt.% SWNT in the composite was the optimum composition for practical X-ray detector operation because it showed enhanced performance in both sensitivity and SNR. In mechanical flexibility tests, the device exhibited a stable response up to a bending radius of 0.5 cm, and the device had no noticeable change in diode current after 1,000 bending cycles.</P><P><B>PACS code</B></P><P>8.67.Sc</P><P><B>Electronic supplementary material</B></P><P>The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1556-276X-9-610) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.</P>

Isoquinoline Alkaloids from Corydalis pallida

Han, Ah-Reum,Kim, Hyang Rim,Kil, Yun Seo,Kang, Unwoo,Jang, Dae Sik,Seo, Eun Kyoung Springer-Verlag 2018 Chemistry of natural compounds Vol.54 No.5

Band-to-Band Hot-hole Erase Characteristics of 2-Bit/cell NOR-type Silicon-Oxide-Nitride-Oxide-Silicon Flash Memory Cell with Spacer-type Storage Node on Recessed Channel Structure

Han, Kyoung-Rok,Jung, Han-A-Reum,Lee, Jong-Ho IOP Publishing 2007 Japanese journal of applied physics Vol.46 No.33

Distribution of Organic Carbon in Pitch Pine Plantation in Kongju, Korea

Han, A-Reum,Mun, Hyeong-Tae The Ecological Society of Korea 2009 Journal of Ecology and Environment Vol.32 No.1

Organic carbon (OC) distribution in 32-year-old pitch pine plantation at Mt. Hotae in Kongju, Korea, was studied from August 2007 to July 2008. In order to investigate the OC distribution, OC in plant biomass, litterfall, litter layer on forest floor, and soil within 50cm depth were estimated. The density of P. rigida plantation was 3,200 trees/ha, average DBH was $18.7{\pm}5.53cm$ and average tree height was $11.1{\pm}1.85m$. Organic carbon stored in plant biomass, litterlayer on forest floor and soil in 2008 was 89.46 ton C/ha (46.09%), 4.32 ton C/ha (2.23%) and 100.32 ton C $ha^{-1}$ 50cm-$depth^{-1}$ (51.68%), respectively. Amount of OC returned to forest floor via litterfall was 2.21 ton C $ha^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$. Total amount of OC stored in this P. rigida plantation was 194.1 ton C/ha. Net increase of OC in above- and below-ground biomass in this pitch pine plantation was 4.82 ton C $ha^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$.

Oxytocin produces thermal analgesia via vasopressin-1a receptor by modulating TRPV1 and potassium conductance in the dorsal root ganglion neurons

Han, Rafael Taeho,Kim, Han-Byul,Kim, Young-Beom,Choi, Kyungmin,Park, Gi Yeon,Lee, Pa Reum,Lee, JaeHee,Kim, Hye young,Park, Chul-Kyu,Kang, Youngnam,Oh, Seog Bae,Na, Heung Sik The Korean Society of Pharmacology 2018 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.22 No.2

Recent studies have provided several lines of evidence that peripheral administration of oxytocin induces analgesia in human and rodents. However, the exact underlying mechanism of analgesia still remains elusive. In the present study, we aimed to identify which receptor could mediate the analgesic effect of intraperitoneal injection of oxytocin and its cellular mechanisms in thermal pain behavior. We found that oxytocin-induced analgesia could be reversed by $d(CH_2)_5[Tyr(Me)^2,Dab^5]$ AVP, a vasopressin-1a (V1a) receptor antagonist, but not by $desGly-NH_2-d(CH_2)_5[D-Tyr^2,Thr^4]OVT$, an oxytocin receptor antagonist. Single cell RT-PCR analysis revealed that V1a receptor, compared to oxytocin, vasopressin-1b and vasopressin-2 receptors, was more profoundly expressed in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons and the expression of V1a receptor was predominant in transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1)-expressing DRG neurons. Fura-2 based calcium imaging experiments showed that capsaicin-induced calcium transient was significantly inhibited by oxytocin and that such inhibition was reversed by V1a receptor antagonist. Additionally, whole cell patch clamp recording demonstrated that oxytocin significantly increased potassium conductance via V1a receptor in DRG neurons. Taken together, our findings suggest that analgesic effects produced by peripheral administration of oxytocin were attributable to the activation of V1a receptor, resulting in reduction of TRPV1 activity and enhancement of potassium conductance in DRG neurons.

Prenylated Flavonoids from the Heartwood of Artocarpus communis with Inhibitory Activity on Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Nitric Oxide Production

Han, Ah-Reum,Kang, You-Jin,Windono, Tri,Lee, Sang Kook,Seo, Eun-Kyoung 이화여자대학교 약학연구소 2008 藥學硏究論文集 Vol.- No.17

A new prenlated chalcone, 3"",3"" -dimethylpyrano[3',4']2,4,2' -trihydroxychalcone(1), was isolated from the heartwood of Artocarpus communis. Two flavonoid derivatives, (-)-cycloartocarpin(9) and (-)-cudraflavone A(10), were isolated as new isomers. In addition, eight known flavonoids, isobacachalcone(2), morachalcone A(3), gemichalcones B(4) and C(5), artocarpin(6), cudraflavone C(7), licoflavone C(8), and (2S)-euchrenone a_(7)(11), were isolated and identified from this plant for the first time. Compounds 1-4.6, and 11 exhibited potent inhibitory activity on nitric oxide production in RAW264.7 LPS-activated mouse macrophage cells with IC_(50) values of 18.8, 6.4, 16.4, 9.3, 18.7, and 12.3, μM, respectively. The structure of compound 1 was elucidated by spectroscopic data analysis, including 1D and 2D NMR experiments.

The Evaluation of Usability for the Cadbury Website

Han, A Reum(한아름),Kwak, Dae Young(곽대영) 한국디자인문화학회 2016 한국디자인문화학회지 Vol.22 No.1

본 연구는 사용자들의 사고와 행동을 기반으로 온라인 시스템의 사용성을 평가 및 분석을 통해 웹사이트의 사용성 개선을 위한 개선안을 제안하는데 그 목적이 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 캐드버리 사이트를 대상으로 사용성 평가를 실시하고 그 결과를 분석 하였다. 사용성 평가를 위해 Think-aloud를 활용한 사용성 테스트(Usability testing)가 적용되었으며, Task 전후에 설문지와 인터뷰를 통해 추가적인 데이터를 수집하였다. 사용자의 행동 분석을 위한 모든 데이터는 Silverback 2.0 software를 통해 기록되었으며, 이들 데이터는 효과(Effectiveness), 효율(Efficiency) 만족(Satisfaction)에 대한 목적 달성을 위해 세 개의 Metrics(Task completion rates, Time on task, and the User satisfaction)를 통해 분석하였다. 실험을 통해 총 42개의 사용성 문제가 그리고 전체적 경험에 대한 평가는 만족도는 5점 중 2.275가 측정되었으며 Navigation system, Linking system, Contents, labelling 등 현재 웹사이트의 기능을 저해하고 사용자가 작업을 완료하고 목표를 달성하는데 있어 방해가 되는 요소들을 도출할 수 있었으며 이들 도출된 문제들은 정도(Severity rating)에 따라 총 3개의 척도로 분류하였으며 이들에 대한 개선을 제안하였다. 이러한 사용자의 직접적 경험과 행동을 통한 평가는 디자인에 대한 이해 및 새로운 문제들을 발견 하게 해줌으로써 향후 웹사이트 디자인 방향 설정 및 웹 사이트 사용성 개선에 도움이 될 것으로 보인다. The purpose of this research is to evaluate usability of online systems based on participants’ thinking and behaviour, and follows provide design recommendations for improving the quality of the website. In this research, we focuses on usability assessment of currently Cadbury’s website and analyzed the results. Among the methods of usability testing with think-aloud method was chosen and before and after taking tasks, questionnaires and interviews also held to gather supplementary data. The three metrics recommended for measuring the user experience of Cadbury’s websites and all data was collected and captured by the Silverback 2.0 software in terms of measured task completion rates, time on task, and the user satisfaction to achieve the goals with effectiveness, efficiency and satisfaction. A total of 42 usability issues discovered and overall 2.275 out of 5 users experience rates indicated. Through the experiment discovered some of the problems with the website’s navigation system, linking system, contents, labelling that is currently undermining the website’s ability and to disturb customer’s complete tasks and goals. In order to list these issues in a divided into severity scales with 3 categories and created recommendations to improve the website. This approach based on participants’ actual experience and behaviour will expected to provide insights about design and discover new problems that can be used for future websites design and in order to improve usability.

The structure of the pleiotropic transcription regulator CodY provides insight into its GTP-sensing mechanism

Han, Ah-reum,Kang, Hye-Ri,Son, Jonghyeon,Kwon, Do Hoon,Kim, Sulhee,Lee, Woo Cheol,Song, Hyun Kyu,Song, Moon Jung,Hwang, Kwang Yeon Oxford University Press 2016 Nucleic acids research Vol.44 No.19

<P>GTP and branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) are metabolic sensors that are indispensable for the determination of the metabolic status of cells. However, their molecular sensing mechanism remains unclear. CodY is a unique global transcription regulator that recognizes GTP and BCAAs as specific signals and affects expression of more than 100 genes associated with metabolism. Herein, we report the first crystal structures of the full-length CodY complex with sensing molecules and describe their functional states. We observed two different oligomeric states of CodY: a dimeric complex of CodY from <I>Staphylococcus aureus</I> with the two metabolites GTP and isoleucine, and a tetrameric form (apo) of CodY from <I>Bacillus cereus</I>. Notably, the tetrameric state shows in an auto-inhibitory manner by blocking the GTP-binding site, whereas the binding sites of GTP and isoleucine are clearly visible in the dimeric state. The GTP is located at a hinge site between the long helical region and the metabolite-binding site. Together, data from structural and electrophoretic mobility shift assay analyses improve understanding of how CodY senses GTP and operates as a DNA-binding protein and a pleiotropic transcription regulator.</P>