전도부인(Bible Woman), 한국 근대소설 속 신여성(New Woman) 이전의 여자들

김예람(Ye-ram Kim) 구보학회 2023 구보학보 Vol.- No.34

본 논문은 개화기 신소설부터 일제 식민지기 근대소설에 이르기까지 신여성(New Woman)에 앞서 기독교를 통해 근대성을 내면화하기 시작한 전도부인(Bible Woman)에 착안하여 전도부인이 구여성과 신여성을 매개하는 과도기적 여성 인물이자, 근대작가들로 하여금 한국 여성과 일상화된 기독교 사이에 존재했던 여성주제들에 대한 탐색을 심화시킨 문학적 제재였음을 밝혔다. 신여성 작가의 소설과 신여성 모델소설이 창작되기 이전 전도부인은 석진형, 김일엽, 전영택의 소설에서 구여성에게 전통적 여성의 삶과 획기적으로 구분되는 새로운 삶의 가능성을 제시하고, 여성계를 대표하는 직업여성으로 부각된다. 나아가 전도부인은 신여성 인물이 정착한 이후에도 여러 장편소설에서 기독교 농촌계몽운동, 기독교적 혼인율, 여성해방과 기독교에 관한 다양한 여성주제를 탐색하도록 만든 유용한 소재였다. 전도부인 최용신(崔容信)을 모델로 한 심훈의 『상록수』는 채영신을 세속화된 전도부인으로 형상화하여 종교적 열정을 농촌계몽운동에 수렴시킨 소설이고, 김말봉의 『밀림』은 전도부인 삽화를 통해 신자 간의 결혼만을 허용하는 기독교적 혼인율에 대한 윤리적 문제를 제기한 작품이며, 채만식의 『인형의 집을 나와서』는 봉건적 부덕을 상징하는 소재로서 전도부인을 설정하여 그와 대립하는 여성해방의 주제를 전달한 소설이다. 전도부인은 근대적 여성 인물의 모색이라는 소설사적 과제에 과도기적 역할을 담당한 문학적 전형이자, 신여성에 편중된 근대적 여성상의 한 측면을 새롭게 드러내는 역사적 존재다. This article focuses on the Bible Woman(傳道婦人), who began to internalize modernity through Christianity before the New Woman(新女性), from the New Novels of the enlightenment period to the modern novels of the Japanese colonial period. Bible Women were transitional female characters that mediated between old women and New Women. By the Bible Women as subject matters, modern writers deepened their literary exploration on feminist themes existed between Korean women and generalized Christianity. Before modern novels by New Women writers and roman à clefs on real New Women, Bible Women presented old women with new life possibilities that were radically different from traditional women's lives as well as stood out as career women representing the women's world in the novels of Jin-hyeong Seok, Il-yeop Kim, Young-taek Jeon. Even after New Woman characters were settled in Korean modern novels, Bible Women, in addition, proved to be useful matters for a number of novels to explore a variety of feminist themes; Christian v narod movement, Christian marriage law, women's liberation. Modeled on Bible Woman Yong-shin Choi(崔容信), Hoon Shim's Evergreen Tree is a novel that concentrates religious fervor on v narod movement by characterizing Young-shin Chae as a secularized Bible Woman. Mal-bong Kim's Jungle raises ethical questions about the Christian marriage law, which only allows marriages between believers by means of the episode of the Bible Woman character. Man-sik Chae's After Leaving A Doll's House is a novel that conveys the theme of women's liberation by characterizing the Bible Woman as a symbol of the virtues of feudal women. To conclude, the Bible Woman is a literary type that played a transitional role in the Korean modern novel's historical task of finding a modern female character, and a historical being that reinforced an aspect of the modern female figure that was biased toward the New Woman.

Biofilm Formation and Cell Surface Properties of Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from Various Sources

Bo-Ram Kim,Young-Min Bae,Jin-Ha Hwang,이선영 한국식품과학회 2016 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.25 No.2

This study investigated biofilm formation, cell surface hydrophobicity, colony spreading, and slime production for 112 Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from various sources (leaf vegetables, pea leaf, perilla leaf, Kim-bab, person, and animal). When biofilm formation was classified by origin, S. aureus isolated from animal origin showed a significantly higher level of biofilm formation than others (p≤0.05). When S. aureus groups with different levels of biofilm formation (very strong, strong, moderate, and weak) were evaluated for the correlation with cell surface properties, there was a positive correlation between biofilm formation and hydrophobicity (r=0.926). Biofilm formation and colony spreading on tryptic soy broth (without dextrose) also showed positive correlation (r=0.863). In contrast, biofilm formation and slime production were negatively correlated (r= −0.973). Based on these results, the biofilm forming ability of S. aureus differs depending on their origin and might be affected by cell surface properties such as cell surface hydrophobicity.

경북 지역 종가(宗家)의 다식에 관한 연구

박모라,김보람,김귀영,Park, Mo-Ra,Kim, Bo-Ram,Kim, Gwi-Young 한국식생활문화학회 2016 韓國食生活文化學會誌 Vol.31 No.4

The objective of this study was to review Dasik's recipe of Jong-Ga in the Gyeongbuk area. Main methods of this study were literature review and in-depth interview. To study the historical transition of traditional Dasik, analysis of 11 cooking books from the 1400's to 1800's was carried out. Jong-Ga was made using Dasik and main ingredients were Songhwa, Kka and Kong Dasik. Special Dasik was in nine of Jong-Ga (Ipjae's head family of Pungyang Jo's clan, Sojea head family Gwangju No's clan, Sawoodang head family Uiseong Kim's clan, Heobaekdang's head family of Bukye Hong's clan, Taechon's head family of Gyeseong Go's clan, Gwiam's head family of Gwangju Lee's clan, Songdang's head family of Milyang Park's clan, Haeweol's head family of Pyeonghae Hwang's clan, Galyam's head family of Jaeryoung Lee's clan) and Dasik are Gamphi dasik, Heukimja dasik, Baksulgi dasik, Tibap dasik, Daechu dasik, Yukpo dasik, Misutgaru dasik, Dotori dasik and Omija Dasik. It was used as a ritual food and reception food for guests. These recipes are good examples of functional and modern of Korean food. In the future, Dasik as well as discovery of ingredients in other foods of Jong-Ga are needed

맥문동 추출액 함유 음료의 이화학적 특성

김보람 외 순천향대학교 기초과학연구소 2011 순천향자연과학연구 논문집 Vol.17 No.2

This study was investigated physicochemical characteristics including free amino acids, minerals, and anti-oxidative activities(electron donating ability and ABTS radical scavenging activity) of Maegmundong beverage. Maegmundong beverage was prepared with water- and 50% ethanol-extracts of roasted Maegmundong(Liriope platyphylla). Three major amino acids of Meagmundong beverage were methionine(13.56 mg%), proline(12.50 mg%) and alanine(11.16 mg%). The most abundant mineral in Maegmundong beverage as potassium with the contents of 243.51 mg%. The total polyphenol and flavonoid contents of Maegmundong beverage were 767.3 and 24.3 mg/mL, respectively. The electron donating ability and ABTS radical scavenging activity of Maegmundong beverage was 94.6% and 98.4%, respectively, of control L-ascorbic acid and α-tocopherol. These results clearly demonstrated that Maegmundong beverage was a good source of polyphenols and flavonoids, which could contribute to its high anti-oxidative activity.

볼쯔만 머신을 이용한 인간 모션 학습 및 생성

이충연(Chung-Yeon Lee),김지섭(Ji-seob Kim),김은솔(Eun-Sol Kim),Karinne Ramírez Amaro,Michael Beetz,장병탁(Byoung-Tak Zhang) 한국정보과학회 2011 한국정보과학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.38 No.2B

카메라 영상 기반 모션 캡처 시스템을 이용하여 수집한 주방 공간에서의 인간 행동 데이터로부터 기본 동작들의 모션 데이터를 추출 및 전처리한 후 non-linear generative model인 cRBM을 이용하여 각 모션 데이터를 학습하였다. 초기 모션 일부를 seed로 사용하여 자동으로 생성한 새로운 모션들은 학습에서 사용된 모션들과 동일한 작업을 수행하는 결과를 나타냈다. 본 실험 결과는 일상 환경에서 인간으로부터 획득한 모션 데이터를 이용하여 생성된 가상의 모션 데이터를 통해 로봇이나 아바타의 움직임을 보다 유연하게 제어할 수 있으며 또한 인간이 유아기 때부터 주위 사람들의 행동을 따라하며 자연스럽게 자신의 행동 방법을 배우는 방식과 유사한 행동 학습 메커니즘이 로봇에게도 적용시킬 수 있음을 보인다.

19세기 조선 사대부의 열녀 인식 -기문(奇文)으로 재구성된 열녀전《삼한습유(三韓拾遺)》를 중심으로-

김보람 ( Bo Ram Kim ) 서울대학교 국사학과 2014 韓國史論 Vol.60 No.-

This study examines the perception of the Literatus Kim Sohaeng (金紹行), 1765~1859) on virtuous women (yeolnyeo 烈女) as described in his work Samhan seubyu (三韓拾遺, Collected Memorabilia of Ancient Korea), which is a biography of virtuous women reconstituted as an eccentric text(kimun 奇文) composed in 1814. The main character of this story is a virtuous women named Hyangnang (香娘). The purpose of this study is to re-examine the perception of the Collected Memorabilia of Ancient Korea on virtuous women and its meaning in the social context of the late Joseon Dynasty (1392~1910). To this end, this thesis focuses on its eccentric character, comparing with nine pieces of biographies of Hyangnang produced in the eighteenth century. Biographies of Hyangnang produced in the eighteenth century intended to spread "chastity (yeol 烈) ideology" by praising Hyangnang`s chastity. However, they differed in the way they described her virtue. On one hand, Hyangnang`s virtue was considered to be influenced by the virruous custom of the Seonsan (善山) region. These authors intended to maintain their political base in the local community. On the other hand, the innate nature and morality of Hyangnang were described as a leading cause of her chastity. Encouraging other ordinary women that they could also practice virtue through their innate nature and morality like hyangnang, authors in this group concentrated more on the spread of "yeol ideology". In the collected Memorabilia of Ancient Korea, Kim Sohaeng praised Hyangnang`s chastity, regarding it as a desirable value women has to maintain. He also emphasized the innate nature and morality of lower class women with a similar intention with that of a group of authors of Hyangnang`s biography in the eighteenth century. However, Kim Sohaeng showed difference in the perception of Hyangnang`s death itself. Whereas authors in the eighteenth century described that she decided to kill herself willingly without any hesitation, Kim Sohaeng believed that she was forced to die and lamented her death. The character of Kim Sohaeng`s perception becomes more apparent in comparison with other literati`s perception on death, especially suicide of virtuous women, a prevalent phenomenon in late Joseon society. Most of the literati maintained a positive stance toward women`s killing themselves, praising them as virtuous women. In contrast, Park Jiwon (1737~1805), Hwang Yunseok (1729~1791), Yi Ok (1760~1812), Jeong Yagyong(1762~1836) made a critical approach, and this was an exceptional perception at that time. However, their criticism was levelled at death without principle, and rampant death even among lower class women. They denied neither the death itself of virtuous women, nor Confucian value of chastity. Kim Sohaeng`s perception was in a similar context with these scholars. Moreover, Kim Sohaeng attempted to console the tragic life and death of Hyangnang through employing a marriage setting. Contrary to contemporary studies which viewed the marriage setting as a "remarriage" of a virtuous woman, thus as a challenge to traditional concept of chastity, this type of marriage setting was merely a technical device to relieve Hyangnang`s unresolved feelings. Because Kim Sohaeng had negative attitude toward women`s remarriage and emphasized over and over that marriage could take place only when Hyangnang changed her body through rebirth. Thesetting in which marriage is approved by Confucius reaffirms that Hyangnang`s marriage does not violate Confucian belief. Compared with the stories of upper class women`s remarriage illustrated in the unofficial historical stories in the late Joseon period, Kim Sohaeng seemed to be more fettered by the dominant ideology of his time. Throughout eighteenth to nineteenth century Joseon, Confucian value of chastity deeply penetrated even into the daily life of the ordinary people. Kim Sohaeng`s perception reflects this late Joseon society`s atmosphere. Because the Collected Memorabilia of Ancient Korea was an eccentric text, it is impossible to get a holistic understanding of the author`s thoughts and purposes. However, partial aspects of his perception and views may be revealed, and his perspective on women`s chastity was particularly addressed in this thesis. On the surface, Kim Sohaeng`s view on virtuous women seems to be against Confucian ideology in that he married off an already approved virtuous women Hyangnang to another man and used Buddhist device of rebirth in the process. However, examining his perception in comparison with other literati`s perspectives on virtuous women and in relation with the social situation during the time, it has shown that Kim Sohaeng`s view o virtuous women was in accordance with the Confucian ideology of his time. This provides a clue for understanding literati`s thoughts and aims in nineteenth century Korea in the face of modem society.

김일성종합대의 조선어교육 운영 사례 연구

김가람 ( Ga Ram Kim ) 국어교육학회 2014 國語敎育學硏究 Vol.49 No.3

본 연구의 목적은 김일성종합대에서 이루어지는 외국인 학습자를 위한 조선어교육의 구체적인 운영 사례를 재구하는 것이다. 이러한 목적을 달성하기 위하여 교재 분석과 함께 2명의 중국인 제보자를 대상으로 심층 인터뷰를 실시하였다. 연구 결과 김일성종합대의 조선어 연수 과정은 또 다른 조선어 교육기관인 김형직사범대와 큰 차이를 보였다. 중국인 학습자의 구성뿐만 아니라 생활환경, 교육과정과 교재, 교수법에서도 다른 양상이 나타났다. 이러한 차이 외에도 사회적 변화에 따라 중국 정부의 정책과 참여자들의 만족도 또한 달라지고 있음을 확인하였다. 중국 정부는 우수한 학생들을 유치하기 위하여 개방화 정책으로 방향을 선회하였고, 이를 통해 점점 더 다양한 학교의 학생들이 조선어교육 프로그램에 참가하고 있었다. 또한 만족도 평가에서 장학금과 희소성은 여전히 높은 만족도의 원인이지만, 북한식 억양과 말투, 자유롭지 못한 북한 생활은 만족도를 낮추는 요인으로 작용하였다. This study aims to examine how the Korean Education as a Foreign Language program is managed at Kim Il-sung University in North Korea. For this purpose, both in-depth interviews with two Chinese informants and textbook analysis have been conducted. Through this method, various aspects and organizations of Korean Education as a Foreign Language in Kim Il-sung University have been reconstructed. Firstly, research results indicate that there are many different aspects between Kim Il-sung University and Kim Hyong-jik Pedagogical University when it comes to the student, their living environment, curriculum, textbooks and teaching methods. Secondly, one should understand that it is the Chinese government who has started up an open-door policy the program of Korean Education as a Foreign Language in North Korea, in order to attract outstanding students. Lastly, participants in the study have expressed satisfaction with economic support and rarity. Contrastingly however, some were not satisfied with the North Korean pronunciation, accent and restrained lifestyle.

Real-time imaging of glioblastoma using bioluminescence in a U-87 MG xenograft model mouse

Kim, Woong,Kang, Bo Ram,Kim, Hye Yun,Cho, Soo Min,Lee, Yong-Deok,Kim, Sehoon,Kim, Jung Young,Kim, Dong Jin,Kim, YoungSoo The Korean Society for Applied Biological Chemistr 2015 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.58 No.2

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the most common malignant brain tumor, is characterized by aggressive proliferation and invasive potential. Xenograft animal models of GBM have critically contributed to evaluation of novel therapeutic agents, drug delivery system, and diagnostic tools. To mimic intrinsic behavior of GBM, orthotopic transplantation of cancer cells and continuous observation of cell growth should be conducted in animal study. Here, we generated xenograft model mouse of GBM in which U-87 MG human glioblastoma cells were intracranially implanted for live imaging. Introducing luciferase gene into U-87 MG cell line enabled real-time observation and quantification of tumor survival and propagation by detecting photon emission derived from luciferase. Our GBM model mouse has potentials to bring great advantages in pharmacological and mechanistic investigation on brain tumors.

The Scaffold Protein Prohibitin Is Required for Antigen-Stimulated Signaling in Mast Cells

Kim, Do Kyun,Kim, Hyuk Soon,Kim, A-Ram,Jang, Geun Hyo,Kim, Hyun Woo,Park, Young Hwan,Kim, Bokyung,Park, Yeong Min,Beaven, Michael A.,Kim, Young Mi,Choi, Wahn Soo AAAS 2013 Science signaling Vol.6 No.292

<P><B>How to Prohibit Mast Cell Activation</B></P><P>Mast cells are the major effector cells of the allergic response. Binding of antigen to immunoglobulin E (IgE) molecules bound to the cell-surface, high-affinity IgE receptor FcεRI results in receptor clustering, mast cell activation, and degranulation, resulting in the release of factors that mediate the allergic response. Phosphorylation and activation of the Src family kinases Lyn and Syk are critical for mast cell activation. Kim <I>et al</I>. found that the scaffold protein prohibitin (PHB), which mediates functions such as mitochondrial biogenesis and transcriptional regulation (see commentary by Yurugi and Rajalingam), was abundant in intracellular granules in mouse mast cells. Stimulation of mast cells with antigen resulted in the translocation of PHB to plasma membrane lipid rafts, which was required for the association of FcεRI with Syk, the activation of Syk, and degranulation. Knockdown of PHB in mice inhibited mast cell activation and anaphylaxis, suggesting that targeting PHB therapeutically may reduce allergic responses.</P>

Interleukin-10–producing CD5⁺ B cells inhibit mast cells during immunoglobulin E–mediated allergic responses

Kim, Hyuk Soon,Kim, A-Ram,Kim, Do Kyun,Kim, Hyun Woo,Park, Young Hwan,Jang, Geun Hyo,Kim, Bokyung,Park, Yeong Min,You, Jueng Soo,Kim, Hyung Sik,Beaven, Michael A.,Kim, Young Mi,Choi, Wahn Soo AAAS 2015 Science signaling Vol.8 No.368

<P>Subsets of B cells inhibit various immune responses through their production of the cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10). We found that IL-10-producing CD5(+) B cells suppressed the immunoglobulin E (IgE)- and antigen-mediated activation of mast cells in vitro as well as allergic responses in mice in an IL-10-dependent manner. Furthermore, the suppressive effect of these B cells on mast cells in vitro and in vivo depended on direct cell-to-cell contact through the costimulatory receptor CD40 on CD5(+) B cells and the CD40 ligand on mast cells. This contact enhanced the production of IL-10 by the CD5(+) B cells. Through activation of the Janus-activated kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 pathway, IL-10 decreased the abundance of the kinases Fyn and Fgr and inhibited the activation of the downstream kinase Syk in mast cells. Together, these findings suggest that an important function of IL-10-producing CD5(+) B cells is inhibiting mast cells and IgE-mediated allergic responses.</P>