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- 저자 : 조용모(Yong Mo Cho) (검색결과 24 건)
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조용모 ( Yong Mo Cho ),남미아 ( Mi A Nam ) 서울시정개발연구원 2009 연구보고서 Vol.2009 No.5
Outline: Recently, the urban foul odor problem is frequently happening all around Seoul area; CBD, large apartment districts, and low-lying areas where a foul water running velocity is slow. Even though a life foul odor has not been regarded as a serious problem until now, cases of civil appeal are increasing for the sewer foul odor all around Seoul along with the improvement of standard of living and frequent rise of bad smell problems especially in large buildings. The purpose of this study is deliberating the way of reducing the sewer foul odor by examining the origin and process of the urban sewer foul odor generating throughout Seoul. 2. Main results of the study The result of the survey had performed for three years, during 2006~2008, shows that the generating spot of the life sewage foul odor is increasing every year; 1,442 cases in 2006, 2,067 cases in 2007, and 2,523 cases in 2008, total 6,032 cases had been reported. 608,205 Septic tanks including polluted water purifying devices had installed in Seoul, and 11,454 tanks among them are over 500 people capacity tanks. 2) Foul odor concentration examination in Seoul The foul odor in the circumference of Yeosung Green Castle apartment was examined to find the generating characteristics of the life sewage foul odor. Yeosung Green Castle apartment is located where about 10% gradient road is continued more than 500 meters. Foul odor is severly generated at the end of this road, the entrance of a path up a mountain. The sewage foul odor of Namhyun-dong neighborhood is generated from the foul odor of Septic tanks in the houses and apartments. The result of foul odor examination showed the degree of mixed foul odor at the 1 and 2 spots of rainwater receivers are individually 144 and 208 dilution rate, and they are far over 15 that is permissible level. Hydrogen sulfide was measured 15 times higher than the permissible level, 20.0ppb, at the each spots. Methyl mercaptan also was gauged as largely exceeding 2.0ppb, the permissible level. 3) Types of life foul odor The foul odor generated in Seoul could be largely classified into five types as follows; A. the foul odor adjacent to the large buildings, B. the foul odor of small water-purifiers in single-family housing districts, C. the foul odor of sewer system in upstream hilly sections, D. the foul odor of sewer system in low-lying areas, and E. the foul odor of Storm Overflow Diverging Tanks. 4) Problems of life sewage foul odor The problems of the life sewage foul odor are as follows; A. absence of the efficient alteration of sewage foul odor prevention, B. difficulty of a origin blockade in the Septic tanks, the main source of life sewage foul odor, C. absence of a provision for prevention of life sewage foul odor in the Foul Odor Prevention Law and D. difficulty of achieving the foul odor reducing effect by resetting the quality standard of Septic thank`s discharging water. 3. Policy recommendation: 1) Basic principles for reducing ife foul odor (1) Analyzing reality of life sewage foul odor generation The foul odor is inevitably generated in most Korean buildings when discharging water of a Septic tank is influented to the sewer system. However, the foul odor prevention with improving efficiency of a Septic tank has not only much difficulty of securing effectiveness but also lack of scientific approaches. (2) Establishing basic frame for life foul odor prevention The basic frame for life foul odor prevention is as follows, Firstly, introducing the public concept, the mandatory installation and management of Septic tanks and sewer systems, to reduce the sewage foul odor. Secondly, promoting the synthesized management that focuses on a sewer pipe; moving from point control to line control Thirdly, establishing a system by adding the life sewer foul odor provision in the Foul Odor Prevention Law or legislating a new law for the preventing life sewer foul odor, Fourthly, connecting the measure for reduction of Septic tanks and sewer pipe foul odor with the sewerage maintenance, Lastly, founding the effective reduction measure with considering limited effect of a rainwater receiver for the sewer foul odor prevention. (1) Process for managing life sewer foul odor The main contents of process for the life sewer foul odor management are as follows in the order named; A. recognizing the generation spot of the life sewer foul odor, B. examining the life sewer foul odor, C. selecting sewer systems for managing the life sewer foul odor, D. requiring the reduction facility to the large buildings discharging sewage to the sewer system and water-purifying tanks over 500 people capacity by law, E. establishing the synthesized reduction plan in the selected sewer system district, and F. installing the reduction facility for the life sewer foul odor. (2) Systemic improvement for reduction of sewer foul odor Adding the sewer foul odor section in the Foul Odor Prevention Law or Sewerage Law is necessary, and legislating the municipal ordinance for the life sewer foul odor in Seoul is required. It is necessary to make installing the foul odor facility into a mandatory requirement both new construction buildings installed Septic tank over 500 people capacity or larger than 1,500 floor area, and existing buildings located within the sewer foul odor sewer system area. (3) Efficient plan for reducing foul odor in building district ① Installing plan of the foul odor reduction facility for existing buildings in the urban building districts installing vertical outlets on the building side using existing sewer pipes as an induction pipe. ② New construction buildings in single-family housing districts systemizing installing the foul odor reduction facility as mandatory requirement in the buildings both have Septic tank over 500 people capacity and larger than 1500 floor area, ③ Indistinctive source of the sewer foul odor installing the "L"type induction pipe using a street light or telephone pole as a prop. (4) Establishing a plan for sewer four odor reduction Establishing the sewer foul odor maintenance and improvement scheme is required in each district of the sewer foul odor management, On top of that, the sewer foul odor reduction study should be proceeded with the whole region of Seoul, (5) Operating sewer foul odor counterplan party under the government of Seoul The foul odor counterplan party that is consisted with professionals and public service workers should be organized, and the solutions for the foul odor should be made such as a field study, reduction programs, the allotment of facility construction in the regions where the foul odor reduction measure is urgent.
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수질오염총량관리체제에서의 한강수계관리기금의 개편방향 연구
조용모 ( Yong Mo Cho ),박신희 ( Sun Hee Park ),김현경 서울시정개발연구원 2011 연구보고서 Vol.2011 No.7
Introduction: Since the enforcement of Act Relating to Han River Water Qualtiy Improvement and Community Support in 1999, there has been a significant change in Han River Watershed management environment, One of the most critical change to note is the compulsory application of TMDL (Total Maximum Daily Loading) system in Water Pollution Management, Over the past 10 years, the communities in the upper reaches of the river have been supplied with funding resources that were collected from the lower reaches under the pretext of compensation to land use restrictions in the upper region. Once the TMDL Management system is in effect, however, development of the land within the limit of maximum daily load is allowed, which in turn makes those existing premises of supporting upper reaches no longer valid. Thus, this study aims to suggest the improvement strategies on the Han River Fund management system that accords with the changing conditions, as well as to provide grounds for supplying fund resources for the management of lower reaches of the river. 2. Main Findings: The Current Status of Han River Management Fund -From 1999 to 2008, 3.102 trillion won had been raised for the Fund and 3.074 trillion won had been spent. - Kyunggi province was the biggest beneficiary of the fund (48.5%), followed by Han River Watershed Management Committee Secretariat (22.0%) and Kangwon province (18.4%). -The majority of the fund was spent for installation and operation of water quality improvement facilities(44.1%), followed by the shoring-up project for people in restricted areas(23.1%) and the purchase of land in Riparian Buffer Zones(20.4%). A Rise in Installation and Operation Cost of Water Quality Improvement Facilities, -From 2000 to 2010, the number of water quality improvement facilities in the upper reaches of Han River increased by 3 fold(from 57 to 1,677) and the funding resource spent for the installation increased from 44.6 billion won to 109.3 billion won accordingly. -During the same time period, operating cost increased by 2.5 times from 32.6 billion won to 82.6 billion won. Emerging Fund Management Issues under the New Watershed Management Regime -The upper reaches of the Han River is too vast to be managed via management fund. -There is a call for expanding fund-beneficiary regions to the lower reaches under the Total Water Pollution Load Management Regime. -Installation of water quality improvement facilities can be abused to justify land use development in the upper reaches. In addition, excessive installation and operation of such facilities can lead to fund deficit which creates down spiral. In the meantime, each local ``authorities`` sewer charge is in decline every year. -Nearly 20% of raised fund was spent on the purchase of land in Riparian Buffer Zones, but result was yet insignificant since the purchase of the land was based on negotiation rather that mandatory purchase of the designated area. -All the more, Special Act on Development of Buffer Zone, newly announced in 2010, have directly conflicting goals (of promoting development of riparian zones as the residential/commercial/industrial/cultural/leisure district) for the existing buffer zone conservation policy. - Due to lack of consistent, long-term strategies, community support project has failed to contribute much to improve community life quality. In spite of money invested, therefore, resident satisfaction for the projects turned out to be low. 3. Policy Recommendations: Re-establishing fund raising and distributing principles - Under the new watershed management regime, land regulation of the upper reaches of the river will be eased. Thus communities in the upper reaches should contribute a certain portion to the fund based on ``polluter pays principle``. -Act Relating to Han River Water Quality Improvement and Community Support should be revised to specify this new fund raise and distribution principles. -Installation and operation costs of water quality improvement facilities should be covered by sewer charges of individual local authorities, not by fund resources. Expediting transition into TMDL Management system -Establishing databases and water quality monitoring systems and etc. is a prerequisite for implementing the new management system and thus fund investment to such projects is needed. -Under the new regime, fund-beneficiary regions should be extended to the lower reaches of the river. -Local authorities that avoid implementing total water pollution load management system should be excluded from the fund beneficiaries. Improving existing water quality management system -Purchasing land in Riparian Buffer Zones has proven to have insignificant effect on water quality improvement and the project directly conflicts with the goals of recently enacted Special Act on Development of Buffer Zone. Investing fund resources to the existing system should be avoided and instead, an alternative non-point pollution treatment system should be adopted. -For the impossible task of maintaining water quality standards of 1a throughout the Paldang-lake watershed, an enormous sum of funding resources is being wasted. Thus, designation of intensive water quality management area dubbed as priority drinking water conservation area is needed. -In order to avoid excessive installation and operation (and following fund investment) of water quality improvement facilities, quality management and thorough speculation of facilities` treatment capacity and water quality improvement performances is needed. -Due to the increase in non biodegradable pollutants in the watershed in recent years, distributing fund resources to the installation of tertiary treatment facilities is more urgently required than to the capacity expansion of existing facilities. Adoption of Integrated Watershed Management System -Shifting from the Ministry of Environment`s centralized fund management and distribution system, a new governance structure which enables local governments` active participation in the fund execution process should be created. -More specifically, hands-on workers from the local authorities should be dispatched to the Watershed Management Committee Secretariat and a chairman of the Committee should be delegated to the governors of the 5 local authorities.
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