유한체 $GF(2^n)$에서 낮은 공간복잡도를 가지는 새로운 다중 분할 카라슈바 방법의 병렬 처리 곱셈기

장남수,한동국,정석원,김창한,Chang Nam-Su,Han Dong-Guk,Jung Seok-Won,Kim Chang Han 대한전자공학회 2004 電子工學會論文誌-SC (System and control) Vol.41 No.1

유한체 $GF(2^n)$에서 두 원소의 곱셈을 수행하는 공간 복잡도가 낮은 병렬 처리 곱셈기의 구현에 있어서 divide-and-conquer 방법은 유용하게 사용된다. 이를 이용한 가장 널리 알려진 알고리듬으로는 카라슈바 (Karatsuba-Ofman) 알고리듬과 다중 분할 카라슈바(Multi-Segment Karatsuba) 알고리듬이 있다. Leo ne은 카라슈바 알고리듬의 최적화된 반복 횟수를 제안하였고, Ernst는 다중 분할 카라슈바 방법을 이용한 일반적이고 확장 가능한 유한체 곱셈기를 제안하였다. 본 논문에서는 Ernst가 제시한 다중 분할 카라슈바 병렬 처리 곱셈기의 복잡도를 제시한다. 또한 기존 방법의 병렬 처리 곱셈기와 시간 복잡도는 같지만 공간 복잡도는 낮은 새로운 다중 분할 카라슈바 방법의 병렬 처리 곱셈기를 제안하며 그에 따른 최적화된 반복 횟수를 제안한다. 나아가서 제안하는 곱셈기가 몇몇 유한체에서 카라슈바 방법의 병렬 처리 곱셈기 보다 공간 복잡도에서 효과적임을 제시한다. The divide-and-conquer method is efficiently used in parallel multiplier over finite field $GF(2^n)$. Leone Proposed optimal stop condition for iteration of Karatsuba-Ofman algerian(KOA). Ernst et al. suggested Multi-Segment Karatsuba(MSK) method. In this paper, we analyze the complexity of a parallel MSK multiplier based on the method. We propose a new parallel MSK multiplier whose space complexity is same to each other. Additionally, we propose optimal stop condition for iteration of the new MSK method. In some finite fields, our proposed multiplier is more efficient than the KOA.

확장체 GF($p^n$)에서 효율적인 다항식 곱셈 방법

장남수,김창한,Chang Namsu,Kim Chang Han 대한전자공학회 2005 電子工學會論文誌-SD (Semiconductor and devices) Vol.42 No.5

확장체 GF($p^n$)의 구성에서 차수와 다항식 곱셈 방법은 밀접한 관련을 가진다. 기존의 다항식 곱셈 방법인 KO] 및 MSK 방법은 효율적으로 계수-곱셈 연산량을 줄인다. 그러나 이들 방법을 이용하여 확장체 곱셈을 구성할 경우, 일반적으로 해당하는 분할 방법의 배수가 되도록 패딩(Padding)하여 구성하지만 이에 대한 기준이 모호하며 계수-곱셈의 연산량이 최소가 되도록 패딩하는 방법 또한 제안되지 않았다. 본 논문에서는 확장체 곱셈을 효율적으로 구성할 수 있는 기본적인 성질과 계수-곱셈의 연산량이 최소가 되는 다항식 차수를 찾는 알고리즘을 제안한다. 본 논문에서 제안하는 알고리즘을 적용하면 기존의 방법을 그대로 적용하여 구성할 때 보다 확장체의 차수가 증가할수록 더 많은 계수-곱셈 연산량을 줄일 수 있다. 따라서 본 논문의 결과는 스마트 카드 등 작은 공간 복잡도를 요구하는 병렬처리 곱셈기에 효율적으로 적용될 수 있다. In the construction of an extension field, there is a connection between the polynomial multiplication method and the degree of polynomial. The existing methods, KO and MSK methods, efficiently reduce the complexity of coefficient-multiplication. However, when we construct the multiplication of an extension field using KO and MSK methods, the polynomials are padded with necessary number of zero coefficients in general. In this paper, we propose basic properties of KO and MSK methods and algorithm that can reduce coefficient-multiplications. The proposed algorithm is more reducible than the original KO and MSK methods. This characteristic makes the employment of this multiplier particularly suitable for applications characterized by specific space constrains, such as those based on smart cards, token hardware, mobile phone or other devices.

역사소설로서 『두 도시 이야기』의 성취

장남수(Nam-soo Chang) 한국영미문학교육학회 2009 영미문학교육 Vol.13 No.1

The purpose of this paper is to examine Charles Dickens's A Tale of Two Cities as a historical novel. The historical novel aims, according to Georg Lukács, at "the portrayal of a total context of social life." The work in question, however, falls short of this ideal, which mainly comes from Dickens's evasive attitude to the social upheaval and his distrust of the revolutionary mob. The 'failure' of this work is deeply related to Dickens's sense of purpose for preventing revolutionary disarray in the Victorian England. Interestingly, A Tale of Two Cities is published between Little Dorrit and Great Expectations, two of his great masterpieces. It seems as if he willfully turned away from the creative modes of imagination that made his great works and turned instead to popular formulas including a warning to the ruling class as well as a theme of self-sacrifice. The underlying motives for these changes of interest are not easy to ascertain. A probable 'answer' would be his worries about the deepening unrest of Victorian society, which looked similar to French society just before the Revolution. However, the writer's intention to waken his contemporaries from the torpor of indifference and inhumanity nearly ends in undermining this work owing to repetitive tendency to resort to abstract generalization rather than concrete examination as well as dichotomous approach to the systemic change and the personal one. The conclusion of this work shows Dickens's emphasis on the personal change through love and self-sacrifice as a solution. But Carton's self-sacrifice gives an additional ambiguity to this work, because we can find in his death not only transcendence of but also attachment to his self or ego. The insoluble opposition between individualism and collectivism also damages the work's achievement.

재한 중국 유학 여대생들의 식습관 변화에 따른 영양 섭취 실태

Gaowei,김소연(Kim, Soyeon),장남수(Chang, Namsoo),김기남(Kim, Ki Nam) 한국영양학회 2013 Journal of Nutrition and Health Vol.46 No.2

본 연구는 현재 한국의 대학에 재학 중인 중국인 여대생 114명을 대상으로 중국인 유학생들의 영양소 섭취상태를 조사하고, 중국과 한국에서의 식습관 변화 및 식습관 변화에 따른 영양소 섭취상태를 평가하고자 수행되었으며, 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1) 중국인 유학생의 평균 에너지 섭취량은 1,586.9 ± 474.2 kcal였고, 탄수화물, 단백질, 지방의 구성비는 56 : 14 : 30으로 나타났으며, 전체 대상자의 23.7%가 단백질의 평균필요량에 미치지 못하고 있었고 43%가 권장섭취량에 미만으로 섭취하고 있었다. 엽산의 평균필요량 미만으로 섭취하는 비율은 대상자의 93%였고, 대상자의 60~70%가 칼슘, 아연, 비타민 A, 비타민 B₂, 비타민 C을 평균필요량 미만으로 섭취하는 것으로 나타났다. 2) 중국 유학생의 총 식습관 점수는 64.3 ± 9.9점으로 유학 전 75.9 ± 9.9점에 비해 유의적으로 낮아졌으며 (p < 0.001), 특히 식사의 규칙성과 균형성, 아침식사 여부 및 단백질 식품, 녹황색 채소와 과일 등의 섭취빈도가 좋지 않은 방향으로 변화되었고, 가공식품의 섭취와 외식의 빈도는 더 많아진 것으로 조사되었다. 3) 한국 유학 전 후의 식습관 혹은 식행동 변화 여부에 따른 영양소 섭취 수준을 비교한 결과, 한국에 온 이후 아침 결식률이 높아진 사람들은 단백질, 지방, 칼슘, 비타민 B₂ 및 니아신의 섭취량이 낮았고, 또 중국에서 보다 녹황색 채소를 더 적게 먹게 된 경우는 식이섬유소와 비타민 C를, 우유 및 유제품의 경우는 단백질과 칼슘비타민 B₂와 비타민 B₆를 비롯하여 비타민 E와 엽산을 적게 섭취하는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구 결과, 성인기 식생활과 건강을 결정하는 20대 초반 재한 중국인 여대생들의 경우 바람직하지 않은 식습관과 이로 인한 영양 섭취 상태의 불균형을 나타내는 것으로 조사되었다. 이상의 결과는 고국을 떠나 낯선 문화에 적응하여야 하는 중국인 유학생들에 대한 영양교육 프로그램의 개발과 식생활 관리가 필요하다고 하겠다. 또 올바른 식생활의 정립은 심리적, 정서적 건강상태에도 영향을 미칠 수 있으며, 대학생활의 적응과 성공적인 유학생활에도 도움이 될 것으로 생각된다. The purpose of this study was to analyze the nutritional status of Chinese female college students in Korea, and to investigate changes in their dietary behavior after residing in Korea. The subjects included 114 Chinese female college students currently studying in Korea. General characteristics and dietary behaviors before and after residing in Korea were investigated. Daily nutrients and food intake were assessed using a one-day 24-hour recall. Consumption of most nutrients, namely calcium, iron, zinc, vitamin B₂, vitamin C, and folate was estimated to fall below the EAR for the Korean population. The proportions of subjects whose intake were estimated below the EAR for folate, calcium, vitamin B₂, iron, zinc, and vitamin C were 93.0%, 71.9%, 66.7%, 65.8%, 65.8%, and 63.2%, respectively. In the current study, the dietary behavior scores fell significantly after Chinese students immigrated to Korea (p < 0.001); increased frequency of meal skipping, less consumption of fruits and vegetables, irregular meal pattern, and imbalanced diet were some of the significant changes among Chinese students before and after residing in Korea. In addition, consumption of most nutrients, including dietary fiber, vitamin A, vitamin B group, vitamin C, and folate in the Worsened Group was significantly lower, compared with the No Change Group (p < 0.05). According to the changes in dietary behaviors, consumption of most nutrients, including dietary fiber, vitamin A, vitamin B group, vitamin C, and folate in the Worsened Group was significantly lower than in the No Change Group (p < 0.05). In conclusion, these results indicated that Chinese students practiced more unhealthy dietary behaviors after residing in Korea and Chinese students residing in Korea showed poor nutrient-based diet quality. Conduct of a follow-up study using blood profile tests is needed in order to assess the nutritional status of Chinese students. These results would be used in planning of a nutritional surveillance program for Chinese students. (Korean J Nutr 2013; 46(2): 177 ~ 185)

돔비의 프라이드가 지닌 아이러니

장남수 ( Chang Nam-soo ) 대한영어영문학회 2006 영어영문학연구 Vol.32 No.2

This paper aims to examine the social features of Dombey’s pride in Dombey and Son. His pride has the following characteristics: the reduction of the human relations to business transactions, an absolute belief in the power of money, the utilitarian way of thought, and the reified consciousness, all of which comprise the driving force and the dominating principle of the capitalist modernity. Dombey’s life enclosed in the “cold hard armour” of pride is blank to the tender feeling and the gentle sympathy. It is the fundamental irony of this work that Paul, the focal point of all Dombey’s ambition and design, suffers death by Dombey’s own pride, the ethos of which first deprives Paul of his mother, then of his wet nurse, the so-called “second deprivation,” and finally, drives him to death. Another ironical nature of Dombey’s pride lies in that his supposed negation of change with relation to the private sphere is antithetical to his representative character of the social change related to the public sphere. The irony of Dombey’s pride leads to the duality of the modernity, which is symbolized by the railway as the “life’s blood” and the “triumphant monster, Death” as well. (Ulsan University)

Maternal Vitamin B-6 Intake and Pyridoxine Status of Korean Newborns at Parturition

Chang Namsoo(장남수),Kim Kyunghee(김경희),Chung Hyekyung(정혜경),Song Eunseung(송은승) 韓國營養學會 1994 Journal of Nutrition and Health Vol.27 No.9

디킨즈와 근대성 문제: 감금된 삶과 해방된 삶

장남수 ( Nam Soo Chang ) 근대영미소설학회 2002 근대 영미소설 Vol.9 No.2

This paper aims to examine Dickens`s Little Dorrit terms of its relation with the modernity problem, focusing on the Blake`s distinction of `selfhood` (ie, the false self) from `identity` (ie, the genuine self). The individual as selfhood has the characteristics of egotistically following possessive impulses and embodying normalized selves; on the other hand, the individual as a creative identity makes possible a liberation from the narrow modern ego and the exploitative economy. The former, because of its weak individuality, Just follows society`s current opinion, even when senous disasters are looming ahead. But the identity empowered with the strong individuality might see the actual state of affairs differently and oppose the general collapse. Among the characters in Little Dorrit, Christopher Casby, Mrs. Clennam, William Dorrit, and Henry Gowan represent `selfhood,` and Amy Dorrit and Daniel Doyce represent `identity.` Such qualities as innocence and disinterestedness, creativity and individuality of the latter group contribute to the collaborative creation of the genuine `reality.` These are qualities generating and sustaining the humane space by liberated lives, while the former group`s characteristics can be summarized as ones enclosed in the modern capitalist economy. Now we are witnessing the coming of `society of control` or `empire` accompanied by the spread of standardization on an unparalleled scale, the cause and effect of which might be attributed to the general spread of normalized selves. If we tread in their footsteps, there is no way to conceive alternative ways of life, because, as said before, they have no ability to think differently. The significance of Dickens`s notion of the imprisoned life and liberated life lies in this context.

갑상선질환 환자의 요오드섭취량과 배설량

장남수(Chang Namsoo),조용욱(Cho Yongwook),김휘준(Kim Whiejoon) 韓國營養學會 1994 Journal of Nutrition and Health Vol.27 No.10

식이엽산함량이 흰쥐의 면역세포의 엽산농도와 알칼리 처리후의 DNA 이중 나사선 잔존율에 미치는 영향

장남수(Chang Namsoo),박정(Park Jung) 韓國營養學會 1999 Journal of Nutrition and Health Vol.32 No.6

알코올의 투여가 흰쥐의 엽산 대사에 미치는 영향

장남수(Chang Namsoo),김기남(Kim Kinam) 韓國營養學會 1998 Journal of Nutrition and Health Vol.31 No.4