공익기업의 성격과 경영의 특질

이기돈 中央大學校經營大學 1971 經營論集 Vol.31 No.-

얼굴영상의 분석과 합성에 관한 연구

이기돈 湖西大學校工業技術硏究所 1997 工業技術硏究所論文集 Vol.16 No.-

This paper describes a computer vision system for observing the "action units" of a face using video sequences as input. The visual observation(sensing) is archieved by using an optimal estimation optical flow method coupled with a geometric and a physical(muscle) model describing the facial structure. This modeling results in a time-varying spatial patterning of facial shape and a parametric representation of the independent muscle action groups, responsible for the observed facial motions. These muscle action patterns may then by used for analysis, interpretation, and synthesis. Thus, by interpreting facial motions within a physics-based optimal estimation framework, a new control model of facial movement is developed.

SIMOS EPROM의 考察과 8080A를 利用한 EPROM Writer

李基敦 연세대학교 대학원 1978 원우론집 Vol.6 No.1

얼굴의 특징점을 이용한 3차원 움직임 추적에 관한 연구

李基敦,金種熙 호서대학교 공업기술연구소 2000 工業技術硏究所論文集 Vol.19 No.-

In this paper 3-dimensional feature points with 2-dimensional image of human face are eventually extracted. For the 2-dimensional image, avi file is created as a transfer medium for real-time movie transfer using 2 CCD cameras. The coarse-to-fine method is applied to minimize matching error when extracting feature-point of a face. By stereo-matching between side and front image, 3-dimensional data are extracted. As utilizing those extracted 3-dimensional data, various 3D graphic package will be connectable. With two usb CCD cameras, 2-dimensional is still received image. With movements of 20 feature points from Side and front image, we extracted 3-dimensional feature-points and enabled 3-dimensional modeling. To minimize errors of 3-dimensional trace and matching error spread, Coarse-to fine method is applied.

학회논문집의 DB구축을 위한 자동문서인식기 설계

유신재,이기돈 湖西大學校工業技術硏究所 1997 工業技術硏究所論文集 Vol.16 No.-

In this paper, Character recognition system which recognized Hangul-Document to image type using scanner or camera, designed using neural network method. After learning neural network is possible supervised-learning using Back Propagation algorithm, this system recognized the character with same processing. The neural network consists of total 17 hierarchical neural network to recognize Hangul with grapheme unit. In Preprocessing step, 1. binary image, 2. rotation of the tilted image, 3. separate text parts and graphic parts, 4. separate each character process about input image, 5. Hangul separated 6 types with combination of vowel and consonant. In character recognition step, 1. normalized character area with 60×60 size, 2. separated fixed grapheme area for each types, 3. extracted grapheme's feature information using Mesh vector at separate grapheme area, 4. constracted graphemes recognition neural network recognize the character. We get the research result that is 98% recognition rate about Hangul document (9 sheet of paper in A4 size) was not participate in neural network learning.

韓國公益企業의 管理組織上 問題點과 그 改善方岸硏究 : 電力과 用水事業을 擔當하는 政府投資企業 中心으로

李起沌 培材大學校 1984 論文集 Vol.5 No.-

Problems of public utility management became important articles to be solved in modern nations, both in advance countries or developing countries. This is derived from the fact that the commodities and services produced by the public utilities are increased year by year in any type of nation, and that these commodities and services are now under way of increase effected by the increase of population, quickened urbanization, and expansion of industrialization to the scale which can effect the natural increase. In this respect, the commodities and services of a public utility is a business of serious interest to the public. These public utilities can be divided into several parts like national railway service, telegraph and telephone service, postal service, radio-broadcasting service, electric and gas utilities and water works, etc. This report is designed to search for measurements for the problems of Korean public utilities by means of the public utilities of advanced nations with those of Korea. In this study is an overall summarization of this report also expressing the athors opinions and suggestions for Korean public utilities. As a means of effort to develop Korean public utilities to meet the international trend of public utilities, the author desires to have the Korean public utilities privately owned. get rid of excessive control of the government, adopt business accountability which provides power of self-management for the managers of the public utility calculate prices rationally and organize rationally.

Spinoza의 Ethica에 나타난 수학 내용 분석 및 그에 따른 교과서의 ‘삼각형의 세 각의 합’ 내용 고찰

이기돈 대한수학교육학회 2020 학교수학 Vol.22 No.3

In the field of mathematics education, there is a growing interest in Spinoza in relation to the study of affect. This is because his philosophy provides clues about the close relationship between affect and cognition. However, Spinoza can also be explored in relation to contents of school mathematics. Spinoza's main writing, <Ethica>, is not only written in a mathematical form, but also contains a variety of mathematics at the level of school mathematics, and the mathematical contents occupy an important place in his philosophical explanations like that all modes including affect are inevitable. In this article, in order to examine how contents of school mathematics support Spinoza's philosophical claims, the mathematical contents of <Ethica> were analyzed, focusing on the relationship with the main idea of the part including the contents. As a result of the analysis, it was noted that the proposition that 'the sum of the three angles of any triangle is equal to 2 right angles', a traditional theme of school mathematics, was mentioned repeatedly to help somebody understand Spinoza’s concept of the ‘Necessity’. Relatedly, how this proposition is handled in school mathematics textbooks was examined in terms of the context mentioned in <Ethica>. Through these results, the humanities aspect of school mathematics and the need of mathematics education as a humanities education were discussed. 수학교육 분야에서 정서 연구와 관련하여 Spinoza에 대한 관심이 일고 있다. 그의 철학이 정서와 인지의 밀접한 관계에 대한 실마리를 제공하기 때문이다. 그러나 Spinoza는 학교수학의 교육 내용과 관련해서도 탐구할 수 있다. Spinoza의 주저인 <Ethica>는 수학적 형식으로 서술되었을 뿐 아니라 학교수학 수준의 여러 가지 수학 내용도 포함하고 있고, 그 수학 내용들은 정서를 포함한 모든 양태가 필연적이라는 것과 같은 그의 철학적 설명에서 중요한 위치를 차지한다. 이 논문에서는 학교수학 내용이 Spinoza의 철학적 주장들을 어떻게 뒷받침하는지 살펴보기 위해 <Ethica>에 나타난 수학 내용을 그 내용을 포함하는 부분의 글의 논지와의 관계를 중심으로 분석하였다. 분석 결과 학교수학의 전통적인 주제였던 ‘삼각형의 세 각의 합이 2직각과 같다’는 명제가 반복적으로 언급되는 점이 주목되었다. 관련하여 이 명제가 교과서에서는 어떻게 다루어지는지를 그것이 <Ethica>에서 활용되는 맥락인 필연성의 관점에서 살펴보았다. 이러한 분석들을 통하여 학교수학의 인문적 측면과 인문교육으로서의 수학교육의 필요성에 대해 논의하였다.

수학 산책 : 수학교육 논문 읽기(1)

이기돈 한국수학교육학회 2009 뉴스레터 Vol.25 No.5

《확률과 통계》의 시행과 두 가지 확률에 대한 고찰 및 교육적 시사점

이기돈,Lee, Gi Don 한국수학사학회 2018 Journal for history of mathematics Vol.31 No.5

Empirical probability and classical probability, which are two interpretations of Kolmogorov's axiom, are two ways to recognize the chances of events occurring in the real world. In this paper, I analyzed and suggested the contents of the high school textbooks ${\ll}$Probability and Statistics${\gg}$, associated with two interpretations of probability and experiments on which two interpretations are based. By presenting the cases required expressly stating what the experiment is for supporting students' understanding of some concepts, it was discussed that stating or not stating what the experiment is should be carefully determined by the educational intent. Especially, I suggested that in the textbooks we contrast the good idea of calculating the ratios of two possibilities in the imaginary world of the classical probability with the normal idea of grasping the chances of events through the frequencies in the real world of the empirical probability, with distinguishing the experiments in two interpretations of probability. I also suggested that in the textbooks we make it clear that the Weak Law of Large Numbers justifies our expectations of the frequencies' reflecting the chances of events occurring in the real world under ideal conditions. Teaching and learning about the aesthetic elements and the practicality of imaginary mathematical thinking supported by these textbooks statements could be one form of Humanities education in mathematics as STEAM education.

직관주의 수학 및 고전 수학 관점에 따른 교과서의 귀류법 증명에서 무리수 √2의 존재성 문제: ‘√2는 유리수가 아니다’ 대 ‘√2는 무리수이다’

이기돈 대한수학교육학회 2024 수학교육학연구 Vol.34 No.1

Intuitionistic mathematics philosophy, which distanced itself from classical mathematics, takes the view that mathematical objects are constructed by the human mind, like constructivism, which has been discussed in mathematics education. This paper aims to analyze the content of school mathematics and obtain educational implications based on a discussion of central issues in intuitionistic mathematics. Concerning the proof by contradiction, which can reveal the difference between intuitionistic mathematics and classical mathematics, among the expressions of the proposition presented as an example of the proof by contradiction in textbooks, in ‘√2 is not a rational number’, contrast to ‘√2 is an irrational number’, avoided a mention about its existence as an irrational number. With this background, we examined the issues of intuitionistic mathematical philosophy, focusing on the existence of mathematical objects, and based on this, we analyzed the textbook's related proofs by contradiction in terms of the existence of √2 as an irrational number. This analysis found that the perspective of intuitionistic mathematics permeates the expression and the proof which do not mention and avoid the existence of √2 as an irrational number. Based on the above, we discussed the reflection on the existence of mathematical objects in school mathematics and the educational value of mathematics from a humanistic aspect. 고전 수학과 거리를 두었던 직관주의 수학 철학은 수학교육 분야에서 논의되어 온 구성주의처럼 수학적 대상이 인간의 마음에 의해구성된다는 관점을 취한다. 본 논문은 직관주의 수학 철학의 주요 쟁점에 대한 논의를 기반으로 학교수학의 내용을 분석하고 교육적시사점을 얻는 것을 목적으로 한다. 특히, 직관주의 수학과 고전 수학의 차이가 잘 드러날 수 있는 귀류법이 학교수학에서도 다루어진다. 그리고 교과서의 대표적인 귀류법 증명 명제의 표현들 중 ‘√2는 유리수가 아니다’에는 ‘√2는 무리수이다’와 대조적으로 √2의 무리수로서의 존재성에 대한 언급이 회피되어 있다. 이러한 배경에서, 직관주의 수학 철학의 쟁점을 수학적 대상의 존재성을 중심으로 살펴보고, 이에 기반하여 교과서의 √2관련 귀류법 증명들을 무리수 √2의 존재성 측면에서 분석한다. 이러한 분석을 통해 √2의 무리수로서의 존재성을 긍정하지 않고 회피하는 것에 그치는 표현과 증명에는 직관주의 수학의 관점이 스며들어 있음을알 수 있었다. 이상을 바탕으로 학교수학에서 가능한 수학적 대상의 존재성에 대한 성찰과 인문적 측면에서의 수학의 교육적 가치에대해 논의하였다.