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林漢洙,李成福 誠信女子大學校 韓國地理硏究所 1985 應用地理 Vol.- No.8
This study is analysing the structural characteristic and the locational fluctuation of the metropolitan industry according to the number of corporations and workers, the output, and the growth of the value added from 1962 to 1981, during which the 4th economic development plan was put in effect. Following results are extrated from this analysis. 1) The metropolitan area which the rate of the land was 11.76% of the whole nation while the 36.26% of the total people lived in 1982, is the over-populated region, and then it forms the greatest industry complex where markets and consumption industries of all kinds are concentrated superfluously. 2) Analysing the change of the industrial growth according to the growth rate of the metropolitan area from 1966 to 1981, it shows a high level of growth, as the number of coporations doubled, the number of workers increased four times, the output about 96 times, and the value added about 97 times. By regional groups, the industrial growth is much higher in Kyeongkido than is Seoul and Incheon. This means that the industry was scattered to Kyeongkido, the neighboring region of Seoul, as the results of restriction on building new factories, the transfer of corporations with the public pollution, the fostering satellite cities and the regional dispersion of industries in order to solve the over-populated problem in Seoul. Observing the change of the industrial growth by the component ration, the number of corporations accounts for 43.54%, the number of workers 43.27%, the output 37.38%, and the value added 40.4% recording as the highest level in the country, but the other ratios except the number of corporations are rather declining in compared with those in 1976. This is the result of the locational fluctuation in consequence of constructions o the regional industrial complex and the export industrial complex, and the regional dispersion of industries due to the over-populated problem in the metropolitan area. The industrial concentration rate gy the population drops from 1.23 to 1.22 in the number of corporations, from 1.76 to 1.05 in the output, and from 1.50 to 1.14 in the value added. And by regional groups, while it becomes low in Seoul and Incheon, it goes up in Kyeongkido where the industrial growth is accelerated. The industrial concentration rate by the size of land, tends to increase in the number of corporations, on the other hand, it showed a rising trend in the number of workers, the output, and the value added until 1976, however, since 1981 it was becoming low. On the contrary of the concentration, the concentration rates of cities like Seoul, Incheon, Kwangmyeong, Anyang, and Pucheon, appear to rise up. Analysing the rte of the metropolitan industry to the whole country, focused on the number of corporations and workers, it represented 45.2% and 44.8% respectively in 1982. 3) According to the kinds of industries, the component ratios of assembly metals and machine equipment industry are highest and then fiber clothes, leather industries, chemical fibers, coals, rubbers, and plastic industries attain high component ratios in the arrange order. In the case of Seoul, all kinds of industries except the wooden products industry have high component ratios comparing with those in the whole country, particularly foodstuffs, cigarettes fibers, clothes, leathers, papers, and printings occupy more than 50% of the whole country. All kinds of industries except the wooden products industry specialize the Kurogu and Yeongdeungpogu. In Kyeongkido, fibers, clothes, leathers, assembly metals, and machine equipment industries from high percentages and the south-west region, including Pucheon, Siheung, Hwaseong, Yongin, and Koyang, makes a remarkable growth in the industry. As mentioned above, the metropolitan area made a high level of the industrial growth, but the rate of it to the whole country dropped in 1981 compared with in 1976. Especially, the industrial increase is worthy of close attention in the south-west region. Like this, the phenomenon of the concentration to Seoul spreads to the metropolitan area and as the result of it, the over-populated problem was aggravated. 4) Although the administration made a draft of the policy and forced in effect to cope with the over-populated phenomenon in the metropolitan area, I suggested that it have to emphasise on the following matters for the balanced development of the region. It has to decrease industrial area greatly and adjust them withing the region of the metropolitan city planning, restrict on the facilities causing the concentration of population, select the limit region of development in the satellite cities, and regulate the over-populated phenomenon. In addition, it has to maintain the systematic rapid transit transportations between the metropolitan area and the district cities, and accordingly, establish industrial sites, district industrial complexes, export industrial complexes, educational institutions and major administration organs in the south of Daegson and enforce local self governments.