밀랍을 이용한 금속활자의 대량주조법과 주형토의 물리적 특성에 대한 실험연구

이승철 한국서지학회 2007 서지학연구 Vol.37 No.-

This study, following the previous research on the test for the soil of mold in lost-wax casting method (published in June 2006), analyzed the method of mass production for casting metal movable types using beeswax and the physical characteristics of casting materials.It is too early to argue that the method of lost-wax casting is successfully restored, even though we find the casting materials. For instance, there are some questions to be answered regarding how much beeswax was required, and whether it is indeed economical to make types using beeswax. Even though the beeswax was easily available and used commonly for casting in those days, the huge amount of beeswax could have been needed for casting tens or dozens of thousands letters. Moreover, we have to find out the way for casting more movable metal types simultaneously rather than the casting method as presented in the previous experiments.In order to make the conditions of casting the types more objective, theorize the findings, and build the data more practically, all the conditions of the experiments such as the process of extracting beeswax and its required quantities, the quantity of types to be cast at once, the form of molds, and the physical characteristics of casting materials etc. are recorded and analyzed in this experiment.The conditions of this experiment are as follows: ① Letter types: more than 100 letters selected from Jikji ② Materials for making the mother letters & type-setting: natural beeswax ③ Mold materials: clay mixed with soft stone + yellow clay + sand ④ Metal materials: mixture-materials with bronze, tartar, lead ⑤ Used fuel: charcoal & boneblack ⑥ Experimental temperature and humidity: 20-30℃/40-70% ⑦ Place of experiment: Goesan-gun, Yeonpung-myeon. 본 연구는 이미 발표된 <밀랍주조법의 주물토에 관한 실험연구>(이승철, 서지학회, 2006.6.)에 이은 후속 실험연구로 밀랍을 이용한 금속활자의 대량주조 방법과 주형재료에 대한 물리적 특성을 분석한 것이다. 주형재료를 찾아낸 것만으로 밀랍주조법의 성공과 복원을 설명하기엔 아직 이르다. 예를 들면, 밀랍을 이용해 활자를 만들 때 밀랍의 소요량 정도와 그것이 과연 경제적이었냐 하는 것에 대한 문제를 생각해 볼 수 있다. 당시 밀랍을 쉽게 구할 수 있고 밀랍을 이용한 주물이 일반적이었다 하더라도 수만에서 수십만 자를 주조하기 위해 사용된 밀랍의 양은 엄청났을 것으로 추정되기 때문이다. 또한 책을 찍어내는 데 필요한 수십만 자의 활자를 주조하려면 기왕의 실험에서 제시한 주조법보다는 한 번에 더 많은 수의 활자를 주조할 수 있는 방법도 찾아져야 한다. 본 실험에서는 밀랍을 이용한 활자주조 조건을 보다 객관적이고 실제적으로 이론 및 자료화하기 위하여 밀랍추출 과정과 추출 및 소요량, 한 번에 주조 가능한 활자의 수량과 주형의 형태, 주형재료의 물리적 특성 등 각각의 조건들을 실험 과정별로 정리하고 분석한 것이다. 실험 환경과 조건은 다음과 같다.: ① 글자본: 직지에서 선정한 100여 字 ② 어미자 및 조판재료: 천연밀랍 ③ 주형재료: 석비레(이암)+황토+모래 ④ 금속재료: 청동, 주석, 납 등을 혼합한 母合金 ⑤ 사용연료: 숯 및 돌탄(곡수) ⑥ 실험온도 및 습도: 20-30℃/40-70% ⑦ 실험장소: 괴산군 연풍(임인호 작업실).

[기획보도 부문_제133회 이달의 방송기자상] 나와 내 가족이 맞는 주사는 안전할까? : 〈죽음 부른 통증주사〉 2019년 10월 20일~21일, 23일~26일 보도_KBS 우한울, 이승철, 안용습 기자

이승철 (사)방송기자연합회 2020 방송기자 Vol.52 No.-

복합 덕트시스템의 유량분배에 관한 1차원 해석의 적합성

이승철,이재헌 대한설비공학회 1999 설비공학 논문집 Vol.11 No.5

The flow distribution characteristics in a complex duct system have been investigated in this paper by three means, namely experimental measurement, numerical simulation and the Extended T-method analysis. While the exit flow rates predicted by the three-dimensional CFD calculation and those given by the experiment show a close agreement, the results from the one-dimensional Extended T-method are found to differ from the experiment by -22.2% to 26.3% for the various exits. These discrepancies may be attributed to the underlying limitation concerning the fitting loss coefficients, which assume that the flow in front of the fittings is fully developed. It is proposed that, in order to analyse the three-dimensional flow distributions in a complex duct system by one-dimensional analysis such as the Extended T-method, further Improvements to the fitting loss coefficients should be made.

인공지능 기반 유체기계 상태감시 및 진단

이승철 한국유체기계학회 2018 한국유체기계학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2018 No.11

회원작품 - 쉐어하우스 프렌즈

이승철,Lee, Seungchul 대한건축사협회 2018 建築士 Vol.585 No.-

Predictions on Atomic Structures of Ti1-xMoxC using Combined Approach of First-Principles Calculation and the Cluster Expansion Method

이승철,이영수,정우상,최정혜 대한금속·재료학회 2009 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.15 No.5

Recently, binary transition metal carbides such as (Ti1-xMox)C have attracted much attention for use in increasing the strength of steels. This study aims to understand the ground state structure of various compositions of that carbide. Using a combined approach of first-principles calculation and the cluster expansion method, ground state structures of the compositions of TiC and MoC were determined. Only 29 symmetrically inequivalent structures were sufficient to determine the ground state structures of (Ti1-xMox)C for the whole range of the composition. The linear chains of solute atoms predicted by calculation were favored when the compositions of MoC were between 20 at.% and 70 at.%. When the composition of MoC was 50 at.%, an alternating layer of Ti and Mo formed along the <111> direction. This layered structure is expected to show peculiar mechanical and electronic properties. Recently, binary transition metal carbides such as (Ti1-xMox)C have attracted much attention for use in increasing the strength of steels. This study aims to understand the ground state structure of various compositions of that carbide. Using a combined approach of first-principles calculation and the cluster expansion method, ground state structures of the compositions of TiC and MoC were determined. Only 29 symmetrically inequivalent structures were sufficient to determine the ground state structures of (Ti1-xMox)C for the whole range of the composition. The linear chains of solute atoms predicted by calculation were favored when the compositions of MoC were between 20 at.% and 70 at.%. When the composition of MoC was 50 at.%, an alternating layer of Ti and Mo formed along the <111> direction. This layered structure is expected to show peculiar mechanical and electronic properties.

화재시 임계유속 전후의 철도터널내 대피환경에 관한 연구

이승철,승삼선 三陟大學校 産業科學技術硏究所 2003 産業科學技術硏究論文集 Vol.8 No.2

This paper deals with evaluation the critical velocity by convectional one dimensional method at 10 MW fire size in a tunnel. Also a CFD analysis was conducted to evaluate the evacuation environment in terms of temperature distribution. visible distance distribution and CO concentration at some tunnel inlet velocity. 1m/s. 2m/s(near critical velocity), and 3m/s. At all inlet velocity, passenger should give away downward the flow direction because the inlet velocity can not afford to sufficient evacuation environment for passengers. While inlet velocity at 1m/s and 2m/s can not afford to sufficient evacuation environment for passengers, 3m/s inlet velocity can more safe evacuation environment for passengers. To provide more safe evacuation environment OR fire situation. tunnel inlet velocity should be larger than critical velocity.

『直指』와 『慈悲道場懺法集解』의 활자분류 비교

이승철 한국서지학회 2012 서지학보 Vol.0 No.39

『직지』와 『자비도량참법집해』는 동일한 금속활자로 인쇄한 책이라는 사실은 이미 선행 연구를 통해 밝혀진 사실이다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 연구를 토대로 두 板本의 광곽, 계선, 활자의 종류, 조판상태 등을 좀 더 세밀하게 비교하고자 하였다. 비록 『직지』는 금속활자본으로 『자비도량참법집해』는 飜刻本으로 차이는 있지만, 자세한 연구를 위해 두 原本 자료와 활자를 분류한 데이터는 DB로 구축하여 비교하였다. 그 결과, 먼저 두 책을 인쇄한 활자는 동일한 활자임을 확인할 수 있었다. 비교대상이었던 『자비』의 경우는 상하 두 책이 인쇄한 시기가 달라 글자 획의 磨耗 정도가 서로 다른 것(상권보다 하권의 인쇄시기가 빠른 것으로 판단됨)을 확인할 수 있었으며, 이 두 권의 동일 글자를 분류하여 비교적 특징이 잘 나타나는 同一 글자의 異體字를 중심으로 『직지』와 비교한 결과 같은 금속활자를 사용했음을 확인할 수 있었다. 일례로 “日”의 경우, 『직지』에서는 거꾸로 植字되어 인쇄된 경우가 세 번 나타나는데 『자비』에도 그러한 경우가 한 번 나타난다. 그러나 판식이나 계선, 조판 등에선 동일함을 찾을 수가 없었는데 이는 인쇄시기와 장소가 서로 다르기 때문이 아닌가 생각되었다. 본 연구의 결과는 향후 진행될 『직지』상권에 대한 복원과 『직지』를 인쇄하는데 사용된 금속활자인 “興德寺字”에 대한 종류를 연구하는데 도움이 될 것으로 기대된다. The existing researches identified that Jikji and Jabidoryangchambeopjiphae(A Variorum Edition of Meditation on Zen Buddhism) were printed using the same movable metal types. This paper tried to compare margins, vertical lines, movable metal types and typesetting of both printings in more details. While Jikji is the printed book and Jabidoryangchambeonjiphae is the reprint wooden copy, data on the classification of movable metal types and data on both original copies were stored in database and compared for more detailed investigation. In accordance with the analysis results, the movable metal types used for both copies were the same. For Jabi to compare, the first and the second volume were printed in different times and so the abrasion of each stroke was different(it is estimated that the second volume was printed earlier than the first volume). The same characters from both volumes were selected and the different shapes from the same characters showing the features relatively well were compared. As a result, it was found that both volumes used the same movable metal types. Let’s take an example. For “日(day)”, it is set upside down in type in Jikji three times. It is also found once in Jabi. However, the same features were not found in typesetting, margins and printing types. It is estimated that it was because of the different printing times and places. The results of this paper will help to investigate the kinds of metal types “Heungdeoksaja” used to print Jikji and the further restoration of the first volume of Jikji.

인슐린비의존성 당뇨병환자에서 혈당조절에 따른 크레아치닌 청정율의 변화

이승철,한금주,조동규,김보완 慶北大學校 醫科大學 1986 慶北醫大誌 Vol.27 No.2

당뇨병에서 혈당 조절에 따른 대사의 변화가 사구체여과율 및 단백뇨에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 인슐린비의존성 당뇨병환자 가운데 임상적 단백뇨(>0.5g/24시간)가 있는 7명과 임상적 단백뇨가 없는 12명을 대상으로 혈당이 조절되기 전과 혈당이 비교적 성공적으로 조절된 2∼3개월 후의 혈당, 당화혈색소 농도, 혈청 크레아치닌치, 크레아치닌 청정율 및 Esbach 법에 의한 뇨중 단백배설량을 측정하였다. 그 결과 개개 성적의 상당수에서 크레아치닌 청정율 및 뇨중 단백배설량의 변화양상이 서로 상이하게 다양한 변화를 보였으며 양군 모두에서 혈당 조절 전후에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 또한 당화혈색소 농도와 크레아치닌 청정율 사이에도 유의한 상관관계가 없었다. 다만 임상적 단백뇨가 있는 군이 없는 군에 비해 당뇨병 이환기간 및 당뇨병성 망막증의 합병율이 14년 및 86%로 유의하게 길고 높음을 알 수 있었다(p<0.01). To observe the changes in glomerular filtration rate and proteinuria with blood glucose control, blood glucose level, glycosylated hemoglobin (G-Hb) concentration, urinary protein excretion measured by Esbach's test, serum creatinine level and creatinine clearance (Ccr) have been measured in 12 non-insulin-dependent diabetics without clinical proteinuria and 9 with clinical proteinuria (>0.5g/24hr). Comparison of Ccr and proteinuria before and 2 to 3 months after successful blood glucose control showed a wide variation with a discrepancy between changes in Ccr and proteinuria in both groups. And there was no significant relationship between Ccr and G-Hb level. Only the duration of diabetes and incidence of diabetic retinopathy are significantly longer and higher in the group with clinical proteinuria than in the group without it(p<0.01).

『製品디자인의 Presentation 技術에 관한 硏究』

李承哲 釜山工業大學校 1990 論文集 Vol.32 No.-

In this treatise the subject of presentation has been treated in terms of its role and need in the process of product design. For this purpose through basic data and supplementary data the content of data have been analysed and the method for production has been reviewed. On the basis of the former for the effective presentation the dialogue and quality of designer have been stressed. Further more as proponent of presentation the posture and quality of designer have been demanded. Among other things this treatise is also concerned with the study on the display technique, creating the environment conductive to presentation planned. Through this treatise the importance and the need for presentation have been analysed and by seeking the method for utilization of product design the position of design should be established and through continuous study and research the technique for presentation should be further advanced.