인삼이 흰쥐의 일반활동 및 굶주림에 의한 생존기간에 미치는 영향

홍사악,장현갑,홍순근 최신의학사 1972 最新醫學 Vol.15 No.1

The effects of Panax Ginseng on general behavioral activity and survival time of food deprivated rat was studied. The occurence of component patterns of the general behavioral activity was examined by the timesample method according to Kim et al. (1970). The sleeping time of the Ginseng extract treated groups with doses of 5 and 20 mg/kg was decreased significantly than that of placebo group at night and thorughout 24 hour observation period, but no difference was observed in the day time. The frequency of eating in the two Ginseng treated groups was higher than that of placebo group at night and 24 hour observation period. The occurence of walking component in Ginseng treated group with doses of 20 mg/kg was more frequent than that of placebo group at night. Two Ginseng treated groups showed the tendency to increase in grooming, but no significant difference was observed between the treated and placebo group. No significant difference was found between treated and placebo groups with regard to lying, rearing and drinking. The gains of body weight in two Ginseng treated groups were significantly greater than that of placebo group, and the survival time with doses of 20 mg/kg was significantly longer than that of placibo.

A Study on the Psychopharmacological Actions of Panax ginseng in Animals

홍사악,김명석,장현갑,Hong, Sa-Ack,Kim, Myeong-Seok,Jang, Hyeon-Gap The Korean Society of Ginseng 1976 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.1 No.1

인삼이 중추신경계에 대한 작용을 검토하기 위한 일련의 연구로 본 연구에서는 전하 와 마우스를 사용하여 다음과 같은 몇 가지 행동연구를 행하였다. 1) 수면과 일반행동 분석 흰쥐를 사용하여 음식물이 충분한 정상상태와 96∼120시간 굶주린 절식상태에서 나타내는 일반행동을 분석하였다. 정상상태에서 100mg/kg 인삼투여 군은 대조 군에 비해 음식 먹는 회수가 유의성 있게 증가하였고, 반면 몸치장활동이 유의성 있게 감소 되었다, 96∼120시간의 절식상황에서는 두 인삼투여를 모두 대조 군에 비해 이동행동, 탐색행동과 같은 활동성이 유의성 있게 많고 장자기와 같은 무 활동성은 유의성 있게 감소되었다. 2) 조건 회피 반응 흰쥐를 사용하여 왕복 회피형 shuttle box에서 전기충격(VS)을 받지 않고 불빛(CS)에 의해 회피한 조건반응(CR)의 수를 학습의 지표로 삼아, 인삼 사포닌 2.5, 5.0, 50, 및 100mg/kg 투여 군과 식염수 군간에 성적을 비교하였다. 모든 인삼 사포닌투여 군의 성적이 식염수 대조 군에 비해 앞서는 경향이 뚜렷하지만 통계적으로 유의성 있는 경우는 2.5mg/kg경우 뿐이었다. 3) 공격적 정서반응 전기충격을 마우스의 발바닥에 가해 일어난 싸움에 인삼 사포닌이 어떠한 영향을 미치는가를 알아 보았다. 인삼 사포닌을 400 mg/kg로 투여 하면 chlorpromazine 2 mg/kg로 투여한 동물처럼 공격적 행동이 유의성 있게 감소되었다. 그러나 100mg/kg의 경우에는 이렇다 할 변화를 초래하지 못하였다. As a continuation of series of works on the pharmacological actions of Panax ginseng. three kinds of behavioral experiments were carried out using rats and mice. The occurrence of component Posterns of general behavioral activity in rat was examined by visual scanning using the ting sample method in the ad lib. And he hunger deprivated situation. In normal ad lib. situation, the eating behavior of rat treated with 100mg/kg of ginseng saponin was significantly more frequent than that of saline control at the night and throughout the 24 hr period. But grooming was less frequent than the control at the same period. In the hunger situation followed by 90~120 hrs of feed deprivation, the locomotive activity and rearing awe significantly more often and sleeping was less frequent in the two dosage g roups of ginseng saponin (10 and 100 mg/kg) than in the saline group though out the observation period. Training of avoidance conditioning in rats was done in a two-way shuttle box. The number of conditioned response (CR) in which the animal avoided sucessfully an electric shock by running in to the other compartment of the hex was regarded as an index of learning performance. Ginseng saponin in doses of 2.5 mg/kg Produced a significantly increased CR in total avoidance tria1s compared with the control. Although other dosage groups of ginseng saponin (5.0, 50mg and 100 mg/kg) showed no significant statistical difference from the normal control, it tended to increase in CR in the ginseng groups than in the control. An aggressive behavior in mice was observed in n shock-generating fighting box. The occurrence of reflexive fighting between two animals induced by an electric shock applied to the feet war checked as an index of aggression. The occurrence of reciprocal fighting episode immediately after the onset. Of the shock was significantly decreased in the dosage group of 400 mg/kg ginseng saponin, but it did net differ in the 100 mg/kg group of ginseng saponin from the control group. The dose, 400 mg/kg of ginseng saponin, inhibited fighting behavior in more than 80% of the Pairs. but 100 mg/kg of ginseng did inhibit it in less than 20% of the pairs.

부자 "부타놀" 분획의 강심 작용에 대한 Potassium 이온의 효과

홍사악,김명석,박찬웅 大韓藥理學會 1977 대한약리학잡지 Vol.13 No.2

흰쥐 적출 좌심방근을 사용하여 부자 부타놀 분획의 강심작용의 potassium-dependency 여부를 기존 강심제인 ouabain을 대조 약물로 하여 검토한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1) 흰쥐 적출 좌심방근은 ouabain에 대해서는 가토 등의 실험 동물에 비해 현저한 내성을 보였다. 2) 심방근의 수축장력은 세포의 potassium 농도를 2mM에서 10mM까지 변화 시켰을때 유의한 수축력의 변화를 볼 수 없었다. 3) Potassium 2mM에서의 ouabain의 강심 효과는 6, 10mM에서 보다 현저한, 즉 potassium dependent한 강심 효과를 나타내었으나, 부자 부타놀 분획의 강심효과는 potassium-independent한 양상이었다. 4) 흰쥐 심방근의 흥분성은 생리적 potassium 농도인 6mM에서 가장 높았고 저 농도 및 고농도에서는 흥분성의 감소를 보였으며 본 실험에 사용된 ouabain <TEX>$2{\times}10^{-5}M$</TEX>, 부자 부타놀 분획 <TEX>$5{\times}10^{-4}gm/ml$</TEX>의 농도는 심방근 흥분성에 별 영향을 주지 못했다. The effects of varing concentrations of extracellular potassium on the positive inotropic actions of Aconiti tuber butanol fraction and ouabain were studied on isolated left atrium of rat. The patterns of active tension increment, such as time to peak and total duration of tension development, was contrasted in Aconiti tuber butanol fraction to ouabain. Ouabain did not induce significant shortening in time to peak and total duration of tension development, but Aconiti tuber produce significant shortening. The isometric tension and peak dF/dt were not significantly different at the range of extracellular potassium concentration <TEX>$2mEq{\sim}10mEq$</TEX> per. liter in control studies. The ouabain-induced increase in active tension and peak dF/dt at 2mEq. per. liter potassium concentration was significantly different from that of 6mEq or 10mEq. per. liter, but there was no difference between 6mEq and 10mEq. per. liter. but Aconiti tuber is not. In contrast to ouabain, Aconiti tuber butanol fraction did not show potassium dependent positive inotropic effect. It produced almost same increment of tension and peak dF/dt at all the concentration of extracellular potassium concentrations in this experiment.

갑상선 홀몬의 약리

홍사악 중앙대부설한국의과학연구소 1969 한국의과학 Vol.1 No.12

Mitochomdria에 대한 소고(小考)

홍사악,정명희 중앙대부설한국의과학연구소 1971 한국의과학 Vol.3 No.12

인삼 또는 오가피 장기투여가 닭의 산란에 미치는 영향

홍사악,Hong, Sa-Ack 대한약리학회 1981 대한약리학잡지 Vol.17 No.2

The effects of Panax ginseng and Acanthopanax on egg production of hens are studied. The hens are fed with three dose levels of ethnaol extract of Panax ginseng and Acanthopanax for 24 months. The weight of each egg and number of egg production per month were compared between control group and treated group. The average weight of egg was not influenced by treatment of Panax ginseng and Acanthopanax. The number of egg production in control group was markedly decreased during cold season (from November to March). Panax ginseng and Acanthopanax markedly improve the egg production during cold season compared with control group.

인삼의 약리작용 ( Pharmacological Action of Ginseng )

홍사악,임정규,박찬웅,차인준 고려인삼학회 1979 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.3 No.1

인삼의 향정신작용에 관한 연구 ( A Study on the Psychopharmacological Action of Panax ginseng in Animals )

홍사악,김명석,장현갑 고려인삼학회 1976 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.1 No.1

인삼이 흰쥐의 조건회피반응 습득에 미치는 영향

홍사악,박찬웅,장현갑 大韓藥理學會 1976 대한약리학잡지 Vol.12 No.1

본 연구는 인삼 extract가 동물의 조건회피반응에 양호한 영향을 미친다는 petkov 및 홍사악등(洪思岳等)의 이전 연구 결과를 재확인하기 위해 인삼 extract 대신 화학적으로 더욱 정 선된 saponin으로 바꾸고 또 인삼 투여량도 다양하게 했을 때 그 결과가 어떻게 되는가를 알아 보고자 하였다. 60마리의 흰쥐 숫컷을 피험동물로 삼아 매일 실험 25분전에 인삼을 복강으로 투여하고 왕복회피형 shuttle box에서 하루 30시행씩 조건반응을 6일간 계속하였다. 총 180시행중 전기충격을 받지않고 성공적으로 회피한 조건반응수(CR)를 성적의 지표로 삼아 투여량에 따른 각 무리간의 CR수를 식염수 통제군의 CR수와 비교하였다. 모든 인삼 saponin을 투여한 집단들은 식염수 통제집단에 비해 조건회피반응 수가 많은 경향을 보여주나 통계적으로 유의미한 차이는 아니었다. 조건회피반응 중 동물들이 나타낸 배변수는 두 대량 인삼군 (50mg 및 100mg/kg)에서 통제군에 비해 유의미하게 적었다. 이 결과는 인삼이 학습에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지에 대해 확실한 증거를 제시치 못하는 것이나 대량의 인삼이 배변수를 줄이는 것으로 보아 대량의 인삼은 중추신경 안정작용이 있을 것으로 추측되게 한다. The purpose of the present study was to see the Panax Ginseng has any influence upon the acquisition of the conditioned avoidance response(CAR) in rats. Sixty male rats of Holtsman strain were used. The animal weighed between 20 and 300 gm at the beginning of the experiment. Training of avoidance conditioning was done in a two-way shuttle box which was separated into two compartments by a guilotine door. The conditioned stimulus (CS) was a light beam and the unconditioned stimulus (UCS) was an electric shock. The shock was presented 10 sec. after onset of the CS and continued until the subject crossed to the opposite safety compartment within 20 sec. after onset of UCS. Each S was received 30 trials a day (one session) for 6 consecutive sessions. The number of CR which avoided successfully without having shock and the number of fecal balls during the conditioning were served as an index of learning performance and emotionality. The results obtained as follows. All doses of Ginseng saponin treated animals showed more CR than control, but did not differ significantly from control. Ginseng saponin treated animals with the doses of <TEX>$50{\sim}100\;mg/kg$</TEX> defecated the fecal balls significantly less frequent than the placebo control during CAR.

창출(蒼朮) Alkaloid 가 Schedule Controlled Behavior 에 미치는 영향(影響)

홍사악,문동연,Hong, Sa-Ack,Moon, Dong-Yeon 대한약리학회 1968 대한약리학잡지 Vol.4 No.1

The effect on schedule controlled behavior and toxicity of Atractylis alkaloid was investigated in the pigeons which were trained on a multiple fixed-ratio fixed-interval schedule of food presentation. Atractylis alkaloid decreased the rate of responding during both the fixed-interval and fixed ratio component of the schedule at 10 mg/kg. Further depression occurred at 30 mg/kg. This 'flat dose-response curve for depression of conditioned behavior was typical of tranquilizers. Conclusively it was suspected that Atractylis alkaloid had major tranquilizing activity.