Antimicrobial activity of floating-electrode dielectric barrier discharge (FE-DBD) plasma jet

홍대의,홍영준,최은하,박봉주 한국진공학회 2015 한국진공학회 학술발표회초록집 Vol.2015 No.2

상명대학교 공과대학 수학교육 강화방안 연구

홍대기(Hong, Dae-Ki),조태경(Cho Tae-kyung),박병수(Park Byoung-soo) 한국산학기술학회 2008 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.9 No.5

최근 국내대학 전반에 걸쳐서 공과대학의 우수 지원자가 점차로 감소되고 있는 상황이며 고등학교 수학 교육과정의 부실화에 따른 신입생의 학력저하에 대한 우려 또한 제기되고 있다. 이러한 위기상황에 대응하여 상명대학교에서는 공학교육의 발전 및 혁신을 위해 공학교육 혁신센터를 운영하고 있다. 공학교육 혁신센터는 공학교육 혁신을 위한 장가계획의 일환으로 수학 분야의 교육 강화를 위한 여러 가지 방안을 논의하여 노출하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 상명대학교에서 논의하여 도출한 수학 교육 강화방안을 제시한다. 이러한 결과들은 상명대학교 공과대학과 유사한 환경에 처해있는 다른 학교들의 수학 교육 강화를 위한 참고자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다. Recently, the number of applicants for the engineering college is gradually decreased all over the nation. Additionally, the concerns of fall of freshman mathematical ability are raised due to the incomplete high school education. Therefore, the local universities endeavor in order to improve the quality of mathematics education, and study the countermeasure against the crisis. As part of these efforts, Sang-Myung University founds the innovation center for engineering education. The center derives several ideas in order to enhance the mathematics education quality. In this paper, the enhancement plans for the mathematics education in Sang-Myung University are proposed. Results in this paper will be helpful for other university to enhance the mathematics education as reference materials.

소화효소가 Helicobacter pylori의 증식과 공포화독소 생성에 미치는 영향

홍대식,강경희,장명웅 고신대학교(의대) 고신대학교 의과대학 학술지 2001 고신대학교 의과대학 학술지 Vol.16 No.1

Background : Global high prevalence rate of Helicobacter pylori infection is well-known fact. However, a large discrepancies exist between the diagnostic data obtained by the PCR and culture method, because the coccoid form of H.pylori which represent the majority form in the biological samples are not viable in the standard BHI broth with 5% horse serum. The component parts of saliva and gastric juice acted as neither stimulator nor inhibitor to the growth of H.pylori remain unclear. Objective : The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of amylase, pepsin, mucin, and lysozyme on the growth and vacuolating toxin production and titer of H.pylori in vitro. Materials and Methods : H.pylori 13,39,46,59,72,94,98 and 125 strains were isolated from patients with gastric disease. The digestive enzymes were inoculated in the 5% horse serum-BHI broth following final concentration of amylase (A; 0.20ug/ml), pepsin (P; 0.25ug/ml), mucin (M; 2,5ug/ml), and lysozyme (L; 1.5ug/ml). The vacuolating toxin titers of the culture supernatant were evaluated in the monolayer culture of RK-13 cells. Results : The morphologic conversion from bacillary to horse-shoe to coccoid forms of H.pylori was observed in the BHI broth containing 5% horse serum on day 5 culture. Half of H.pylori was changed from bacillary to coccoidal form on day 7 culture, most population of H.pylori was changed to coccoidal form on day 10 culture, and almost all H.pylori was changed to coccoidal form on day 14 culture. The growth of H.pylori 72, and 94 strains was increased in BHI broth containing each enzyme such as amylase, pepsin, mucin and mixture of two or three enzymes on day 5 and 7 culture. The growth of H.pylori 94 strains was increased in BHI broth containing each enzyme such as amylase, pepsin, mucin, and mixture of two or three enzymes on day 10 and 14 culture. The vacuolating toxin production of H.pylori strains was not influenced by the addition of amylase, pepsin, mucin, and lysozye or mixture of two or three enzymes. The neutralization of vacuolating toxin of H.pylori was not affected by the addition of amylase, pepsin, mucin, and lysozyme or mixture of two or three enzymes. Conclusion : We found that coccoid forms of H.pylori were viable in the standard 5% horse serum BHI media in the presence of amylase, pepsin, mucin, and lysozyme. The present study demonstrates that gastric juice of the stomach supports the viability of H.pylori and that oral route of infection is a plausible hypothesis. This work also demonstrates that gastric environment may not provide a selective advantage for the toxigenic strains of H.pylori.

What is Toplogy?

홍대의 원광대학교 사범대학 수학교육과 1988 시그마 Vol.5 No.-

소액결제이용자의 개인정보 인식에 대한 연구

홍대의 한국산업경제학회 2010 한국산업경제학회 정기학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.- No.추계

고골의 『죽은 혼』 1권의 담화 분석 : 최종적인 말의 부재

홍대화 한국러시아문학회 2022 러시아어문학 연구논집 Vol.77 No.-

Aside from his firm stance as an artist on the role of absurd and ugly daily life and the role of superficial and detailed depictions of humans, the narrator is wary of coming up with his own final interpretations and explanations of characters and subjects. The narrator takes a pose of constantly passing the share of the final interpretation to the reader. As for art, he only vaguely expresses what kind of human figure he will draw in the future as a different dimension of nobility, and does not say what it looks like. He only suggests that the basis for Chichikov's change is a different level of desire granted by heaven, and does not define the details of that desire. The narrator does not have a firm answer and definition on Rus's way forward. This is due to the "incomplete" of the work that depicts Russia on the "road", but it contains a stagnant appearance, not a change, and the work is not completed because the path is not completed. Rus’, who is captured as a whole through generalizations, is galloping somewhere, but she is stuck in a vagueness where the narrator doesn't even know where she's going. The narrator refers to a new level of spiritual growth, a new level of integrity, a new level of Rus’s growth, and a new level of art, suggesting that it is quite related to religious concepts. And the uncertainty, ambiguity, and immersion in the writing process itself encompasses and foreshadows the cessation of Gogol's future writing.

고골의 『죽은 혼』제1권에 나타난 저자와 주인공, 독자 간의 관계

홍대화 한국슬라브․유라시아학회 2022 슬라브학보 Vol.37 No.2

One of the characteristics of Gogol's protagonists is the 'absence of self-consciousness'. However, in contrast to the one-sided characters, the narrator of Dead Souls is full of self-consciousness about how readers will evaluate the work, the main character, and the art. He assumes his readers are Russians who are subject to authoritarianism (discrimination according to ‘the Table of Ranks’ and the numbers of serfs), and upper-class men and women with a high level of 6 or higher ranks who cannot speak Russian well and yet demand fluent Russian from writers. The self-conscious author often uses Chichikov's "words" when he evaluates his characters. Chichikov acts as a guide when portraying landowners and city officials, and acts as a spokesperson for the narrator when making decisive character evaluations. In this way, he becomes a shield that allows the narrator to escape reproach and criticism from readers for his evaluation and judgment. Chichikov represents the reader's remarks and at the same time represents the narrator's self-consciousness, acting as a shield that allows narrator to escape not only direct criticism, but also the duty to respond to the criticism. The narrator treats Chichikov as an independent 'subject' to make him such a shield. Chichikov is like a buffer zone between the narrator and the reader. The narrator and Chichikov are similar in that they stand in a double position. The narrator is critical of the reader and wants the reader's approval and acceptance. And Chichikov is critical of the landlords and the upper-class urban society he meets as the narrator, but he aspires to be accepted by them and to live the same life as them. Chichikov is not the narrator's alter-ego, but, like other characters, is the subject of a caricature. However, he has a common denominator with the narrator. The first volume of Dead Souls deviated from the literary method before realism as described by Korman, but did not reach the polyphonic novel that Bakhtin talked about. It can be said that a narrator with a lot of self-consciousness, the narrator's effort to establish the protagonist as an independent 'subject', a report-oriented narrative of external and internal phenomena, dialogue scenes resembling theatrical lines, the narrator's avoidance of final evaluations and declarations, and the expansion of the reader's room for interpretation prepared the emergence of Dostoevsky's polyphonic novel.

뿌슈낀의 『작은 비극들』에 나타난 삶과 죽음의 문제에 대한 일고(一考)

홍대화 ( Hong Dae Hwa ) 한국외국어대학교 외국학종합연구센터 러시아연구소 2003 슬라브연구 Vol.19 No.2

고골의 「외투」에 나타난 기호의 세계: 어긋난 기호들의 결합, 부유하는 기표들

홍대화 ( Dae Hwa Hong ) 한국외국어대학교 러시아연구소 2015 슬라브연구 Vol.31 No.2

고골의 「외투」는 기호를 두고 벌어지는 한바탕의 유희를 보여주는 단편소설이다. 이 작품은 떨어질 수 없는 기표와 기의와의 관계를 끊어놓고, 그 기표에 어긋나는 기의들을 부가하거나, 결합되기 힘든 기호들을 결합시킴으로써 실체가 의심스러운 기표만 부유하는 세계로 가득 찬 부조리한 세계를 보여준다. 예를 들면, 발음이 우스꽝스러운 주인공의 이름에 아무 의미가 없다고 강조함으로써 ``성자성``의 기의를 차단하는가 하면 그와 동시에 그 기의를 다시 차용하고, ``중요성``의 기호에 엉뚱한 기의인 ``거리감``과 ``엄격함``, 그리고 ``관등``의 기의를 덧붙이고, ``사랑``의 기호를 ``정서``, ``외투``, ``노파``와 결합시키고, 인간의 기호에 ``인간성부재``의 기의를 결합시킴으로써 ``인간``이라는 기표만 남게 하고, ``유령``의 기호에 그와 반대되는 ``육체성``과 ``존재감``를 부여하는 식으로 기표와 기의 간의 불일치를 의도적으로 사용함으로써 유희를 벌인다. 이런 유희 안에서 유일하게 작동하는 원리는 모든 것이 어긋나 있고, "모든 것이 보이는 것(기표)과는 다르고(기의) 모든 것이 거짓"인 세상을 역설과 아이러니로 조명하는 내포 작가의 조롱기 가득한 기민한 시선이 된다. 내포작가는 각 기호에 대해 자신이 생각하는 기의를, 또 본인이 결합하기에 적합하다고 생각하는 대상기호들을 적극적으로 제시하지 않는다. 그러므로 내포작가가 메우지 않은 의미의 공백을 메우어야하는 사람은 내포 독자가 된다. 내포 독자는 자신이 가지고 있는 세계관과 문화적 배경하에 그 기호 결합의 낯섦을 다각적으로 해석하지 않을 수 없다. 그러므로 이 작품은 끊임없이 아직까지도 다양한 해석의 대상으로 각광을 받고 있는 것이다. Gogol’s “The Overcoat” is a short story in which the author plays around with the features of signs. This story reveals an absurd world, where insubstantial signifiants are floating around, due to the separation of the natural relationship between the signifiant and the signifie, the addition of unsuitable meanings to the signifiant and the syntagmatic combination of uncombinable signs. For example, by emphasizing that the main character``s funny-to-pronounce name has no meaning, the author blocks the signifie which he would have as a saint character while at the same time borrowing the signified of saint throughout the novel. The author also plays with words by purposely making a contrast between the signifiant and the signifie by connecting the signifie of ‘distance,’ ‘strictness,’ and ‘civil rank’ to the sign of ‘importance,’ combining the sign of love to ‘copying,’ ‘overcoat,’ and ‘crone,’ combining the sign of ‘human’ to the signified of lack of humanity, and giving the signified of ‘body’ and ‘existence’ to the sign of ‘ghost.’ In this text the only principle that everything adheres to is the author``s ironic and critical point of view which illuminates the world as a paradoxical place, where “everything is not as it is shown, and everything is a deceit.” The writer does not directly express his thoughts on which signifies are suitable for the signifiant and which combinations of signs are appropriate. Therefore the person, who has to fill in the void in the meaning of the signifiant, is the reader. The reader should interpret why the syntagmatic and paradigmatic combination of signs in this text is awkward and fill in the blank meanings through his cultural background and his world view. Accordingly this short story has been the object of various interpretations.

자먀찐의 『우리들』의 단일제국: 기독교 전통에 대한 패러디

홍대화 한국문학과종교학회 2015 문학과종교 Vol.20 No.2

단일제국은 러시아 정교 교회 전통에 대한 패러디 위에 구축되어 있다. 단일제국은 2×2=4에 근거한 무류한 지식(신앙)에 근거해 만장일치의 선거(부활절)를 통해 은혜로운 분(여호와)에 의해 통치되며 보안요원(수호천사)들에 의해 수호되는 세계이다. 그리고 이 단일제국는 I-330을 비롯한 불복종하는 파편화된 오만한 개인인 메피들, 즉 ‘영혼’이라는 병이 든 사람들(교활한 뱀과 악마, 반그리스도교도들)이 재판제(예배식, 종교재판), 수술, 가스종과 처형 기계로 진압되고, 자유, 그림자, 욕망, 웃음이 존재하지 않으며, 행복과 구원과 미소가 머무는 국가이다. 이 안에는 선악에 대한 선택의 짐으로부터 해방되고 구원을 받은 순진무구하고 복종적인 D-503과 O-50과 같은 이들이(아담과 이브) ‘우리들’로 살아가며 석유식품(그리스도의 빵)과 교리강의기(율법), 시간 율법책(성상)으로 일상을 영위하는 지상낙원(기독교의 낙원이자 단일교회)인 것이다. 영원한 혁명을 꿈꾼 자먀찐은 엔트로피의 세계를 깨고 새로운 역사의 발생을 지향하는 에네르기의 세계, 악마와 반그리스도교도의 편에 서 있다. 그런 점에서 그는 도스토예프스키보다는 니체의 전통을 따르고 있다. The One State is a parody of the characters, motives and images from the Russian Orthodox Church traditions, which is established on the basis of the infallible Euclidean knowledge 2×2=4, ruled by the Benefactor (Jehovah) elected repeatedly every year on the Day of Unanimity (Easter) and protected by security guards (guardian angels). In the One State arrogant, disobedient and fragmented individuals, ‘Mefi’ with a disease called ‘soul’—cunning Serpents, devils, anti-Christians—are executed on the Holiday of Trial (Liturgy, the Inquisition) by torture-bell and execution machines and controlled by brain operation. This country is an earthly paradise (Heaven and the One Church), where meek and obedient citizens (Adam and Eve) eat the Coal food (bread of Christ), listen to and repeat Rules-lecture (God’s Commandments) from the speaker and live according to the schedule written on the Time Board (icons). Zamyatin, dreaming of infinite revolution, is takes side of the devils and the anti-Christians who aim for the destruction of the world of entropy and the start of a new history through the world of energy. Thus, he follows the tradition of Nietzsche, not Dostoevsky.