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중국어 비교문에 있어서의 문제점과 否定接頭靜態動詞의 존재가능성
허성도 서울대학교 어학연구소 1985 語學硏究 Vol.21 No.3
There are the following problems that are difficult to explain in comparative sentences of Mandarin Chinese. A. The negator 「不」is placed before 「??」in the 「??~一樣~」comparative sentences. (1) 他不??저一樣高. (2) 這個不??那個一樣紅. If the negator 「不」is placed after 「一樣」 it is ungrammatical. (1') 他????一樣不高. (2') 這個??那個一樣不紅. However, the following instances are grammatical even though 「不」is placed after 「一樣」. (3) 他????一樣不高與. (4) 這個人??那個人一樣不道德. If 「不」in (3-4) is place before 「??」like in (1-2), the resulting sentences will be ungrammatical. (3') 他不????一樣高與. (4') 這個人不??那個人一樣道德. B. The negator 「不」is placed before 「比」in the 「比」comparative sentences. (5) 小張不比小李高. (6) 這個不比那個貴. If the negator 「不」is placed after 「比」it is ungrammatical. (5') 小張比小李不高. (6') 這個比那個不貴. However, the following instances are grammatical even though 「不」is placed after 「比」. (7) 這個比那個不好. (8) 這裏比那裏不安全. (9) 外面比裏面不安靜. C. The negator 「不」is not placed in the 「沒有~那??~」comparative sentences. (10) 小張沒有小李那??不高. (11) 小張沒有小李那??不大. (12) 這裏沒有那裏那??不冷. However, the following sentences are grammatical even though 「不」is placed in this kind of comparative sentences. (13) 小王沒有他那??不道德. (14) 小王沒有他那??不??事. (15) 小王沒有他那??不服氣. A simple principle that accounts for the above seemingly contradictory instances has not yet been established. This article, assuming the existence of NPs, is aiming at clearly explaining such instances. NPs is a derived word, a combination of the prefix 「不」and a state verb. Accordingly, it is not a synthetic construction, that is, not a state verb negated by 「不」. The reason why the instances presented above seem contradictory is that NPS is not differentiated from a state verb negated by 「不」. NPS is a combined form of「不」and a state verb.Thy type of state verbs which are combined with this prefix「不」is not studied in this article. NPS is countrary to the original state verb which is removed of its prefix「不」.
허성도 서울대학교 어학연구소 1988 語學硏究 Vol.24 No.3
This paper aims (a) to take a new look at usages of Chinese Coverbs 'Cong, You, Zi, Da, Zicong', (b) to point out some differances in them. The result is summarized as followings. Ⅰ. 'Cong, You, Zi, Da, Zicong' can express the Source of Time with taking cyclic time words, but 'Zi' is mainly used in Witten Chinese, and 'Da' is mainly used by Beijing-dialect user. 'Zicong' is combined with clear past-tenese. Ⅱ. Combination historical time words and 'Cong, You, Zi, Zicong' is natural. Ⅲ. Combination relative time words and 'Cong, You, Zi, Zicong' is natural. 'Zicong' can combined with present―relative time words in the case that the main-clause is in the past tense. Ⅳ. 'Cong, Zicong' can be combined with N-L compound time words, but combination N-L compound time words and 'You, Zi, Da' is ungrammartical or interesting. Ⅴ. Only 'Cong, Zi' can be combined with interrogative time words. Ⅵ. Only 'Cong, Zicong' can be combined with the Source of Incident. Ⅶ. Only 'Cong, You' can be combined with the Source of Place. Ⅷ. 'Cong, You, Zi, Da' combined with N-L compound time words, historical time words and cyclic time words can express the Source of Time-category. Ⅸ. 'Cong, You, Zi, Da' combined with the Concrete-place can express the Source of Place-category. X. Only 'Cong' can be combined with the Source of Abstract-category. ?. Only 'Cong, You, Zi' can be combined with the Source of Change.