침입과 치료, 의사와 테크네, 객관적이고 데이터화된 몸들

최은주(Eunjoo Choi),심지원(Jiwon Shim) 이화여자대학교 생명의료법연구소 2024 Asia Pacific Journal of Health Law & Ethics Vol.17 No.2

본고는 의사의 진단 행위에 의한 질병(disease)이라는 지평에서 치료의 도구적, 방법적 과정을 발달시켜온 의학이 몸을 어떻게 위치 지었으며, 그러한 몸이 의사, 의학지식의 개입에 의한‘살리기’의 의료실천 대안으로, 정상적 또는 바람직한 ‘되기’에 놓이면서 어떻게 객관적이고 데이터화된 몸들에 편입되는지 고찰하고자 한다. 일반화되고 표준화된 건강 기준에 맞춘 의료 실천은환자의 몸을 ‘바로잡기’라는 목표를 지향하므로 환자 개인의 특성이나 환자가 살아가는 삶의 맥락이 간과되는 측면이 있었다. 하물며 무수한 생명공학기술과 생명의 풍경을 눈부신 디지털적 기술의 발전이 바꾸고 있다. 몸은 더 이상 자연적인 수준에 머물 수 없으며 그럴 필요도 없게 된 것이다. 그렇게 ‘살리기’와 ‘바로잡기’에 집중할수록 ‘완치’(치료되었다)를 받아들이는 환자의 생각과의사의 관점에는 점차 간격이 커질 수 있다. 또한 치료의 성공률에 집중된 ‘살리기’를 지향하는 가운데 환자와의 상호작용이 가능한 진료실을 떠나 검사실, 수술실을 거치는 동안 환자의 몸은 데이터화되고 객관성이 강화된 표준에 맞춰져 침입과 치료를 교차하는 의료현장에서 소외되고 무력해진다는 사실이 쉽게 간과될 수 있다. This paper examines how medicine, which has developed instrumental and methodological treatment processes, has situated the body within the context of disease through the doctor’s diagnostic procedure, and how such a body can be “saved” through the intervention of doctors and medical knowledge. As an alternative to medical practice, we would like to consider how it is incorporated into objective and data-oriented bodies while placed in normal or desirable “becoming”. Medical practice, tailored to generalized and standardized health standards aimed at “correcting” the patient’s body, often overlooks the individual characteristics of the patient and the context of their life. The dazzling development of digital technology is changing countless biotechnology and the landscape of life. The body can no longer remain at its natural level, and there is no need for it to do so. As the focus is on “saving” and “correcting,” the gap between the patient’s viewpoints and the doctor’s perspective, which seeks to achieve a “cure,” may gradually increase. Furthermore, with the primary focus on improving treatment success rates, the patient's body is reduced to data as they transition from the treatment room, where personal interaction is possible, to the examination and operating rooms. This transformation reflects a medical field that combines invasive procedures with treatment, striving to adhere to heightened standards of objectivity. The fact that the patient is alienated and helpless can easily be overlooked.

디지털 미디어에서 유통되는 기후 변화

최은주 ( Eunjoo Choi ),이은정 ( Eunjung Lee ),채선규 ( Sungeu Chae ),심지원 ( Jiwon Shim ) 중앙대학교 인문콘텐츠연구소 2020 인공지능인문학연구 Vol.6 No.-

In digital media, the problem of climate change is distorted to a large extent. Due to this, the importance of media literacy is being emphasized by various institutions nationwide, but its approach is limited to recognizing the problem of post-truth through a comprehensive analysis of the media. In particular, climate change issues are based on the needs of the state and interest groups, using favorable data, and disrupting scientific evidence by setting refractory verification standards. In addition, as the history of the media has become digital, the existing attribute of the media, “intention,” is becoming more serious and biased through the “recommended algorithm” of the digital environment. Despite the ongoing efforts of environmental campaigns and organizations, only 27% of people in the United States are aware of climate change, and the rest are unaware that climate change is real. Although the seriousness of climate change is accounted for, the fact that climate change is real is being fabricated, and the general public is confused. As digital media affects and alters human subjects, this research is necessary to help them find their own right to “know” about the environment, which is a proper place to live.

딥러닝 오픈소스 프레임워크의 사례연구를 통한 도입 전략 도출

최은주(Eunjoo Choi),이준영(Junyeong Lee),한인구(Ingoo Han) 한국지능정보시스템학회 2020 지능정보연구 Vol.26 No.4

Many companies on information and communication technology make public their own developed AI technology, for example, Googles TensorFlow, Facebooks PyTorch, Microsofts CNTK. By releasing deep learning open source software to the public, the relationship with the developer community and the artificial intelligence (AI) ecosystem can be strengthened, and users can perform experiment, implementation and improvement of it. Accordingly, the field of machine learning is growing rapidly, and developers are using and reproducing various learning algorithms in each field. Although various analysis of open source software has been made, there is a lack of studies to help develop or use deep learning open source software in the industry. This study thus attempts to derive a strategy for adopting the framework through case studies of a deep learning open source framework. Based on the technology-organization-environment (TOE) framework and literature review related to the adoption of open source software, we employed the case study framework that includes technological factors as perceived relative advantage, perceived compatibility, perceived complexity, and perceived trialability, organizational factors as management support and knowledge & expertise, and environmental factors as availability of technology skills and services, and platform long term viability. We conducted a case study analysis of three companies adoption cases (two cases of success and one case of failure) and revealed that seven out of eight TOE factors and several factors regarding company, team and resource are significant for the adoption of deep learning open source framework. By organizing the case study analysis results, we provided five important success factors for adopting deep learning framework: the knowledge and expertise of developers in the team, hardware (GPU) environment, data enterprise cooperation system, deep learning framework platform, deep learning framework work tool service. In order for an organization to successfully adopt a deep learning open source framework, at the stage of using the framework, first, the hardware (GPU) environment for AI R&D group must support the knowledge and expertise of the developers in the team. Second, it is necessary to support the use of deep learning frameworks by research developers through collecting and managing data inside and outside the company with a data enterprise cooperation system. Third, deep learning research expertise must be supplemented through cooperation with researchers from academic institutions such as universities and research institutes. Satisfying three procedures in the stage of using the deep learning framework, companies will increase the number of deep learning research developers, the ability to use the deep learning framework, and the support of GPU resource. In the proliferation stage of the deep learning framework, fourth, a company makes the deep learning framework platform that improves the research efficiency and effectiveness of the developers, for example, the optimization of the hardware (GPU) environment automatically. Fifth, the deep learning framework tool service team complements the developers expertise through sharing the information of the external deep learning open source framework community to the in-house community and activating developer retraining and seminars. To implement the identified five success factors, a step-by-step enterprise procedure for adoption of the deep learning framework was proposed: defining the project problem, confirming whether the deep learning methodology is the right method, confirming whether the deep learning framework is the right tool, using the deep learning framework by the enterprise, spreading the framework of the enterprise. The first three steps (i.e. defining the project problem, confirming whether the deep learning methodology is the right method, and confirming whether the deep learning framewo

인간 예외주의로서의 장례와 환경적 사유

최은주(Eunjoo, Choi) 경희대학교 인류사회재건연구원 2021 OUGHTOPIA Vol.36 No.1

장례는 인류의 오랜 전통으로 가까운 사람의 죽음을 애도하고 시체를 보존하려는 집단 정서에서 비롯되었다. (죽은) 몸을 인격 또는 물건으로 볼 것인지에 대한 상반된 견해에도 불구하고, 죽음 처리 방식을 둘러싼 인간 예외주의는 생태계를 뒷전으로 하고 존속되어왔다. 그러나 인간이 환경으로부터 결코 단절될 수 없는 물질성에 거주한다는 점을 고려할 때, 인간 존엄과 환경오염이라는 각각의 문제 앞에서 장례 방법에 대한 재고와 사회적 인식 전환이 요구된다. 코로나 19로 인한 장례식 절차는 더욱 간소화될 전망이고, 다수가 화장을 통한 자연장에 긍정적이라고 조사되었다. 그러나 수목장 등의 자연장은 알려진 것처럼 친환경적이라고 보기에는 어려운 측면이 있다. 화장을 통한 골분(뼛가루)을 나무 밑에 ‘안치’한다는 점에서, 화장시설의 화장로에 따라 발생될 수 있는 여러 물질들은 대기오염을 비롯해 환경에 영향을 미치는가 하면, 골분의 상태에 따라 나무의 성장에도 영향을 미칠 수 있기 때문이다. 따라서 지자체 운영의 화장시설에 대해 화장로 설치부터 환경오염의 관리·감독은 물론 장례 절차에 대한 인식 변화가 근본적으로 이루어질 필요가 있다. Funerals are a long-standing tradition and are based on the collective sentiment of mourning the death of a close person and preserving the body. Despite conflicting views on whether the dead body should be viewed as a person or as a material, human exceptionalism surrounding the funerals has survived neglecting the ecosystem. However, humans reside in a sense of materiality that can never be disconnected from the environment. As a result, humanity is currently in the process of rethinking and changing the social perception of funeral methods in the face of the problems of respecting human dignity and alleviating environmental pollution. Funeral procedures due to COVID-19 have further simplified; this discussion as many grieving families have now turned to eco-friendly funeral practices in which bone dust from the cremation is placed under a tree. The various substances that can be generated from the crematorium could affect the environment, including air pollution, and the growth of the tree, all of which depend on the condition of the bone dust. Therefore, it is necessary to fundamentally change the perception of funeral procedures as well as the management and supervision of environmental pollution from the installation of cremation facilities operated by local governments.

부정의 긍정성: 샬롯 브론테의 『빌레트』에 나타나는 기형적 인물들의 감정 경험

최은주 ( Eunjoo Choi ) 한국영미문화학회 2015 영미문화 Vol.15 No.3

This paper aims to analyze an individual`s emotions and their effect on the social processes in the nineteenth century novel Villette by Charlotte Bronte. The nineteenth century was a self-controlling society burdened by the surveillance and espionage of its people. The era is marked by the oppression of women`s emotions and regarded for any overt display of female emotions as hysteria, which was considered offensive and dangerous. In Villette, the outburst of emotions in social situations is shown as forms of ranging from heightened excitability to madness. In the novel, the protagonist and narrator, Lucy Snowe is a passive and calm woman at the beginning of the novel; however, her rational personality is eventually revealed to be unstable under Madam Beck and M. Paul`s surveillance. Above all, Lucy`s jealousy for Ginevra changes her calm nature to be excitable. Throughout her experiences, emotions, and illnesses, Lucy finds how limited the life of an ‘invalid’ woman is. However, she eventually is able to overcome her illness and critically look at society through its political, educational, and medical systems. Her emotions not only result in tragic isolation but also mirror her relationship with the world.

19세기말 풍속화가 기산 김준근이 그린 삽화 속 어린이 놀이문화와 복식에 관한 연구

최은주 ( Eunjoo Choi ) 한국의류산업학회 2016 한국의류산업학회지 Vol.18 No.3

This study surveys children``s costumes and games from the 11 Genre paintings by Junkeun Kim in the book “Korean Games(Stewart Culin 1858-1929)”. The character of the general dress-costumes, games and the culture of life from the late 19th century in genre painting of Junkeun Kim are as follows. The study results on the games are as follow. The boy’s games are kite-flying, spinning tops, playing shuttlecock with the feet, blindman’s buff, yut(“Four-Stick Game”). Girl’s games are seesaw with board, blindman’s buff, marbles. Combined games are mount shoulder, sledge, tightrope walking for men with boy. The strengthen one’s body type were seesaw with board, tightrope walking, the compete score type were playing shuttlecock with the feet, marbles and the multi complex type were yut(“Four-Stick Game”), kite-flying. Through genre painting in the 19 th century we know a boy’s ‘Jeogori ’and ‘Ba-ji’ were similar to a modern man’s and boy’s ‘Hanbok’ with a traditional method of wearing. We believe that the originality of a traditional costume was an unchangeable characteristic. Girl’s ‘Jeogori’ and ‘Chi-ma’ changed in length and width, and method of wearing; however, the basic shape did not change. The analysis for artist’s genre painting which was ordered by a foreigner and the late of 19th century’s children’s costume and game of life culture is useful to match the counters and show how to wear a modern Korean costume used to understand the ‘Hanbok’ and establish a costume of life.

H<SUB>2</SUB>S를 포함하는 LNG 혼합물에 대한 Cubic과 Noncubic 상태방정식의 예측 비교

최은주(Eunjoo Choi),이태종(Taejong Lee) 한국가스학회 2000 한국가스학회지 Vol.4 No.4

경계 횡단의 언어와 환대 (불)가능한 장소 -크리스 클리브의 『다른 쪽 손』을 중심으로

최은주 ( Eunjoo Choi ) 한국현대영미소설학회 2018 현대영미소설 Vol.25 No.1

This paper aims to show that the sense of stability and permanence of “belonging” of ethnocentrism is difficult to operate through languages, territories, boundaries, and the host/guest. Therefore, it is necessary to reconsider the significance of land toward a post-national identity. The status of having ‘no country,’ such as in the cases of the Jews and the Armenians, is a problem of the political structure of the nation state in the twentieth century. It is also the destiny of new modern Nomad that is displaced. In this situation of exile, it is impossible to create a good life with limited stability. As a text for this discussion, Chris Cleave’s The Other Hand (2008) describes language as an element of identity forming the state, and the condition of a possible sense of actual belonging through the eyes of a refugee. In the midst of a massive population shift caused by natural disasters and wars, what all mankind will have to ask is how long the elements of the nation state, that is, the lineage, the origin, and the language should be applied as valid values. Unlike one’s lineage, his/her origin, and language, a host-language can be acquired successively. However, the acquisition of the host-language does not mean that s/he will truly belong to the host country. The Other Hand grasps the dilemma between this new global civilization and the modern nation state by showing the struggle and frustration of trying to simply belong to.

포스트휴먼 시대에 재배치되는 성과 몸 - 다너 헤러웨이의 공의존적 복수주체

최은주(Eunjoo Choi) 한국비평이론학회 2007 비평과이론 Vol.12 No.2

  This paper is an attempt to reinterpret sex and body in the posthuman era through focusing on Donna Haraway"s cyborg discourse. In technology, sex and body can be reconstructed by cyborg of which the essence is uncertainty. It still reveals the definite gender difference of popular culture, which is because patriarchy continues to uphold these gender differences. Haraway, however, used the cyborg as partiality, irony, intimacy, and perversity instead of the gendered body or the model of the organic family. For this reason, her cyborg has been a useful image for feminists who seek to avoid the ideological danger of recourse to an authentic female self. Furthermore, Haraway"s cyborg is named as an illegitimate, a woman, a monster itself as well as being compared with third world women of nomadic families who leave their countries or tribes of the border, and women who work for multinational enterprises. They, who left their countries or tribes, are discriminated and restored by otherness and negativity. The originalities and essentialities come to be stained, erased and replaced by non-originality which is called as the "Diaspora." Therefore, they deny to exist as their races, ethnics, or sexual ages. The cyborg mocks at the ideas of the othereness and negativity and "the only oneself." It also cultivates the way of seeing the other. It is not the omnipotent eye but the partial perspective or "diffraction" that observes the history of light in terms of Haraway"s concept. It enables one to see the issues of sex, body, race and gender anew so that it prevents the intervention of initiative as a subject. This way of vision provides more women and races with understanding of the situated knowledge by practical reading, writing, and rewriting, and admitting others" differences. This process allows a person to exist as a multiple subject and to carry out codependency.

대도시 삶에서의 관계의 운명과 감정의 발굴

최은주(Eunjoo Choi) 한국비평이론학회 2013 비평과이론 Vol.18 No.2

This paper attempts to study emotions in metropolitan life. According to Georg Simmel, the metropolitan type creates a protective organ for itself against the profound disruptions which threaten it. Punctuality, calculability, and exactness are not only intimately connected with its capitalistic and intellectualistic character but also with its color and the content of life. In addition, there is perhaps a psychological phenomenon which is so unconditionally reserved to the city-the blase outlook. This is not only indifference but more frequently a slight aversion, a mutual strangeness and repulsion. Our minds respond, with definite feeling, to almost every impression emanating from another person. The same mental experiences in the metropolis are described by the narrator in Herman Melville's Bartleby, the Scrivener. Although the novel focuses on Bartleby's negative potentialities by the answer I would prefer not to, this paper explores the narrator's emotions which are interpreted as a failure of the affective relationship between Bartleby and the narrator. In the first part of the novel the narrator mentions he is an eminently safe man and therefore does not allow anything to invade his peace. Bartleby's invasion, however, changed his whole sense. The narrator falters as his feelings are moved by Bartleby's non-replies. Although the comments about the narrator whose attempts to build a meaningful relationship with Bartleby fails, the narrator himself is not a failure. He was strangely disarmed, touched and disconcerted, perplexed and distressed. Finally, the narrator stays by Bartleby's deathbed in the possible act of building an inoperative community. As Jean-Luc Nancy says community is revealed in the death of others; hence it is always revealed to others. Community is what always takes place through others and for others.