임업기계 임산공학 분야 ( 농학관 ) : 천연 염료를 이용한 한지 염색

진영문,전철 한국임학회 1998 한국임학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.1998 No.-

천연 표백과 약품 표백의 효과 분석

전철,김성주,진영문 圓光大學校 大學院 1999 論文集 Vol.22 No.-

After paper mulberry bast fiber cooked as NaOH, unbleached materials were separated by the natural bleaching method and the chemicals bleaching method carry into bleaching. And then the results of the research about the yield and whiteness of pulp are as follows. 1. The natural bleaching method is lower than the chemical bleaching method in whiteness but yield is high, to incease the whiteness of natural method as good a degree as the whiteness of the chemical bleaching method. As a results, to increase the whiteness in the natural method to as good a degrss as, cleansing is essential. To make Korean paper with the whiteness and discoloration. It the rotating water bleaching method improving stream bleaching method, should be installed, obtaining the whiteness next to the chemical bleaching method. And it elevates the properties of strength and optional activity. So it can be recommended as the bleaching method that does not damage the fiber of a paper mulberry. 2. It can be said that folding endurance is the most important in bleaching. It's measure has a direct effect on the preservation and durability that are the most important properties of Korean paper. The natural method should be used to improve those properties. 3. Because Korean paper does not require the perfect white color, if it should be discriminate by variors uses develop the products with the products with the original characteristics of Korean paper.

옛 韓紙 見本에 對한 製紙工學適 分析 評價

전철,김성주,진영문 圓光大學校 大學院 1999 論文集 Vol.22 No.-

Tested the properties and physical characteristics of an indigenous Korean hand made paper, a traditional Korean hand made paper and an improved Korean hand made paper by comparison and reached the following results. 1. An indigenous Korean hand made paper was a paper of multi-layers with a sequence of reticulum, minimum two and maximum 16 layers by double-papermaking on a bamboo screen with drainage of length ways papermaking without a deckle or pressing calendered papers on the placemat. 2. Book paper and scrapbook paper had characteristics of high strength and they used mainly fourfold-eightfold calendered paper with different fiber direction. 3. An indigenous Korean hand made paper and a improved Korean hand made paper have different strengths respectively. The primary reason is due to difference of constituent materials. An indigenous Korean hand made paper was made mainly with paper mulberry only and for special case, with a small amount of paper bush mitsumada. 4. Paper bush mitsumada enhanced the fineness of a paper surface, but decreased its strength. 5. There were various kinds of Hanji by purpose, which usually was thicker and heavier than now Hanji, but tougher. 6. Calendering was related with density and calendered paper showed a minimum 0.67g/㎤, on the average 0.784g/㎤ of density. 7. Breaking length, tear index and burst index became a suitable index to indicate the strength property of indigenous Korean hand made papers. 8. An indigenous Korean paper has strength property more than 12.8, the sum of breaking length, tear index and burst index, which has been kept without much change even after a long time.

편백 판재 고주파 압체 진공건조 시 배출되는 응축수의 GC-MS분석

문성필,진영문 한국임학회 2009 한국임학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2009 No.-

천연염료를 이용한 한지염색에 관한 연구(I) -황색계열의 색상을 중심으로-

전철,진영문,Jeon, Cheol,Jin, Yeong-Mun 한국펄프종이공학회 2000 펄프.종이기술 Vol.32 No.3

Yellow dye-stuffs in natural plant were extracted from a gardenia, saffron, safflower, amur tree and pagoda. And then they were used to color Korean handmade paper(Hanji) on using a mordant. The results of the degree of discoloration are as follows. 1. As for a gardenia(Gardenia jasminodes Ellis for. grandiflora Makino), the effects of coloring were outstanding in the acid area. But for the preservation, it might be desirable that used a lye in a dye-stuff obtained at $40{\pm}5^{\circ}C$. 2. As for saffron(Curcuma longa L.), when used alum as a mordant, it was colored to a medium yellow color with green color. But easily discolorated and was not desirable. And, it didn't fit in a dye-stuff of Hanji. 3. For safflower(Carthamus tinctorius L.), when pH was in the low acid it was colored to the cleaner yellow color. It was the distinction of discoloration that the degree of brightness's increase was low. 4. For amur cork-tree(Phellodendron amurense Rupr.), the effects of yellow coloring were great in the areas of acidity and alkali. But, when used alum, the degree of the discoloration was high and was not effective. 5. For pagoda tree(Styphnolobium Japonica L.), using a calcium hydroxide as a mordant, enabled the more than average yellow to be gained. The degree of discoloration was good.

Iroko재(材)의 고주파진공건조성 및 물리적 성질 개선

이남호,진영문,Lee, Nam-Ho,Jin, Young-Moon 한국가구학회 2006 한국가구학회지 Vol.17 No.1

This study was carried out to investigate a radio-frequency/vacuum (RF/V) drying ability and physical properties of the green boards and the pre-kiln dried boards with 40 mm thickness, and the 70 mm-thick green board of Iroko (Milicia excelsa). The major results were summarized as follows; The drying time from initial moisture content (MC) of 110% to approximate 6% MC for a 40mm-thick green board was 192 hours, and about 200 hours for the 70 mm-thick green board, respectively and so the RF/V drying times were dramatically shortened compared to conventional kiln drying time. The case hardenings at the RF/V drying completion stage test were very negligible, thus represented almost no existence of the residual stress. The checks were very slightly formed on all of the boards during the RF/V drying test, but crook appeared quite severely. During the accelerating test, the water-resistant treated specimens had not experienced any signs of checking occurred, whereas the control boards had encountered very frequent occurrences of end checking and slight surface checking. There were no observations of warping and discoloring regardless of the treatment.

토착한지의 특성 : 외발 초지법 분류를 중심으로 Classification of Oebal (single frame) Papermaking Methods

전철,김성주,진영문 한국목재공학회 1999 목재공학 Vol.27 No.1

This study was carried out to classify the Hanjis into three groups that were indigenous Hanji, traditional Hanji, and improved Hanji handmade by paper making method according to the physical properties of each paper sheet such as tensile, bursting and tearing strength, folding endurance and fiber orientation in each layer. The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1. The multi-layered Hanjis made by $quot;Oebal$quot; Hanji making method in different direction of fiber orientation have good properties in tearing resistance. 2. The multi-layered Hanji in different direction of fiber orientation has good properties in the tearing resistance, but the burst index and the breaking length results were lower than the single layered Hanjis. 3. The different fiber orientation and multi-layered method didn't increase the three indexes(burst index, tear index, breaking length). Only, the different direction of fiber orientation decreased the difference of width and length strength (tensile, tear) of the Hanji. 4. $quot;Dochim$quot;(Korean finishing touch process for indigenous Hanji by falling round sticks) greatly increase folding endurance(double folds, not logo) and good effect to tensile strength and burst strength. 5. The today's Oebal Hanji were the maximum of 2 layers and the indigenous Oebal Hanji were 16 layers the maximum. In addition, average of the indigenous Oebal Hanji was 4 layers(all 4-layer Hanji were the different fiber orientation of each layer). 6. The indigenous Hanji(multi-layered, and different fiber orientation) was good condition with $quot;Dochim$quot;. Dochim increased tensile strength and burst strength of the indigenous Hanji. So the three-strength indexes were similar level($quot;--$quot;). 7. When the number of layer which were same fiber orientation increase, the increased Hanji became similar strength pattern($quot;V$quot;, breaking length and burst index was higher than tear index) with $quot;Ssangbal$quot; Hanji. 8. The single layered papers that made by $quot;Oebal$quot; Hanji making method were similar strength pattern with Ssangbal Hanji. 9. There was no way to find the width and length direction of multi-layered Hanji by comparison between the difference of tensile strength and the difference of tearing resistance. 10. The compared pattern of tensile strength and tearing resistance of indigenous Oebal Hanji was different from today's Oebal Hanji. Especially, the tearing resistance of all indigenous Oebal Hanji(16 samples) was stronger on width of tearing resistance. And in the half of indigenous Oebal Hanji samples, the width of tensile strength and tearing resistance was stronger than length strength (Indigenous Oebal: '$lt;생략$gt;' 50%, '∪' 50% ↔ Today's Oebal: '$lt;생략$gt;' 12%, '∪' 6%, '$lt;생략$gt;' '17%, '∩' 65%). In 65% today's Oebal, the length direction of tensile strength and tearing resistance was stronger than the width direction.

低壓蒸氣爆碎처리가 高溫領域하에서의 木材 樹脂渗出 예방에 미치는 영향

이남호,박희준,Li, Chengyuan,진영문 한국목재공학회 2004 목재공학 Vol.32 No.2

본 과제는 Spruce재가 사우나와 같은 고온 공간용 部材로 사용되어질 때 나타나는 수지삼출의 문제점을 해결하여 그 방안을 제시코저 수행하였다. 乾式공간용 部材의 경우 적절한 열기건조가 이루어진다면 별도의 처리를 실시하지 않더라도 110℃의 수지삼출 안정선을 얻을 수 있는 것으로 확인되었으며, 고주파진공건조에 의해 수지삼출 안정선이 열기건조보다 약 20℃ 정도 더 상승하였다. 濕式폭로시험에서는 저압증기폭쇄처리재의 경우 열기건조재나 고주파진공건조재 모두 수지가 전혀 삼출되지 않은 반면에, 무처리재의 경우 건조방법에 관계없이 130℃ 이상의 폭로조건에서는 수지삼출의 정도가 乾式폭로시험의 경우보다 심한 것으로 나타나, 수지삼출을 예방하기 위하여 인공건조중 低 함수율 상태의 건조말기에 高溫을 적용하여 건조하는 것보다는 건조전 高함수율 상태에서 過熱증기로 ??霧처리하는 것이 더 바람직한 것으로 확인되었다. This study was carried out to find the efficient methods for preventing resin exudation from spruce board during high temperature environment service. In the dry-air oven test, in-use temperature related to resin exudation of 110 C could he obtained by the appropriate kiln drying without any special treatment, and the in-use temperature of the radio-frequency/vacuum (RF/V)-dried hoards was about 20 C higher than that of the conventional kiln-dried boards. In the autoclave test, resin exudation was not found from any board dried in the conventional kiln and in the RF/V kiln after the low pressure steam explosion (SE) treating, while for the control resin exudations were more severe in the autoclave test above 130 C than in the dry-air oven test. It, therefore, would he suggested that resin exudation during high temperature service condition can be prevented more effectively by super-heated steaming green hoards than by high-temperature drying boards with low moisture.

전통한지와 개량한지의 물성 비교

김성주(Seong Ju Kim),전철(Cheol Cheon),진영문(Yong Mun Jin) 원광대학교 생명자원과학연구소 1999 생명자원과학연구 Vol.21 No.-

圓周狀슬라이스의 오-븐건조법에 의한 함수율의 圓盤내 방사방향분포 추이 평가 (Ⅱ) : 주요 국산 침엽수재를 중심으로 For some of domestic softwoods

이남호,Li, Chengyuan,최준호,황의도,진영문 한국목재공학회 2004 목재공학 Vol.32 No.2

본 연구는 주요 국산 침엽수재 원반에서 채취한 두께 3 ㎜의 圓周狀슬라이스를 오-븐에서 급속 건조하면서 각 원반내 함수율의 방사방향 분포추이를 조사하기 위하여 수행하였다. 소나무의 경우 건조가 진행됨에 따라 변재부는 매우 급속한 건조속도로 함수율이 감소한 반면, 심재부는 건조속도가 느려 오히려 생재함수율이 높은 변재부가 심재부보다 먼저 섬유포화점에 도달하였으나, 이러한 분포상태가 장시간 지속되지는 않았다. 낙엽송의 경우 변재부의 생재함수율이 심재부보다 약 3배 가량 높은 분포를 보였으며, 이러한 수분경사 패턴은 평균함수율 약 20%일때 까지 지속되었다. 은행나무의 경우 변재영역 내에서는 매우 고른 생재함수율 분포를 보였으며, 건조가 진행되면서도 어느 정도의 진폭은 존재하였지만 비교적 균일한 함수율 분포를 보였다. 삼나무의 경우 심재부는 생재함수율이 매우 낮아 건조 초기부터 수축이 개시되지만 높은 함수율을 나타내고 있는 변재부에 의해 수축이 억제되므로써 심재영역 또는 이행재 영역에 인장응력이 형성될 것으로 판단된다. 편백나무 변재의 생재함수율은 심재보다 훨씬 낮아 침엽수재의 일반적인 함수율 분포와는 정반대의 분포를 나타내었으며, 이러한 함수율 분포패턴은 평균함수율 약 21%까지도 지속되었다. 측백나무의 경우 변재부의 생재함수율이 심재부보다 약 2배 정도 더 높은 분포를 보였으나, 건조가 진행되면서 이러한 분포는 빠른 속도로 약화되었다. This study was carried out to investigate a radial distribution of moisture contents (MCs) within a log cross section (LC) during ovendrying of 3 mm-thick circumferential slices cut from several domestic softwoods LCs. For Korean red pine, drying rate of sapwood slices during oven-drying represented much higher values than that of heartwood slices, and so sapwood with higher green MC early reached below fiber saturation point (FSP) rather than heartwood did. However, this distribution of moistures did not last for long duration. For Japanese larch, green MC of sapwood was approximately three times higher than that of heartwood. This similar distribution in MC was lasted until about 20% average MC. The MC was around uniform throughout the sapwood of Ginkgo when green and during oven-drying, although it was somewhat fluctuated. For Japanese cedar, the heartwood with so low moistures around FSP would begin to shrink from the beginning stage of drying, but the sapwood above hygroscopic MC prevents the heartwood from shrinking, and consequently, the heartwood or the transition wood goes into tension stress. The results for Japanese cypress showed that the green MCs of the sapwoods were much lower than those for heartwoods, and then this trend was continued until about 20% in average MC. For Chinese thuja, the green MCs of sapwoods were about 2 times as high as those of heartwood, hut this along the radial gradient in MC rapidly hecame gentle during oven-drying.