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황광우 대한약리학회 2012 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.16 No.5
Activated T cells express inhibitory receptors such as CTLA-4 that can downregulate immune responses. Blockade of or genetic deficiency in CTLA-4 can result in autoimmunity. Therefore, strategies to increase the inhibitory function of CTLA-4 may be attractive in settings of undesirable T cell responses such as autoimmunity or transplant rejection. We have tested the hypothesis that transgenic constitutive expression of CTLA-4 can further attenuate immune responses when compared with normal inducible expression. Our results indicate that transgenic expression of CTLA-4 in mouse T cells (CTLA-4-Tg T cells) results in reduced cell cycle progression and increased apoptosis of TCR-stimulated T cells. CTLA-4-Tg T cells display reduced T cell proliferation in an in vivo model of graft versus host disease (GVHD). These results further our understanding of how CTLA-4 can be manipulated to inhibit immune responses and may help development of new therapeutic strategies for clinical settings of autoimmunity and transplantation.
克己復禮의 맥락 이해 (contextual understanding) -『춘추좌전』과 『논어』를 중심으로
황광우 범한철학회 2021 汎韓哲學 Vol.100 No.1
본 연구는 극기복례에 대한 맥락적 이해를 시도한다. 극기복례가 등장하게 된 역사적 상황을 추출하고, 공자가 통치자들과 나눈 대화를 분석하여, 극기복례의 맥락을 규명한다. 본 연구가 검토하는 쟁점은 세 가지이다. 첫째, 克己의 주체는 누구이고 극기의 대상은 무엇인가? 둘째, 禮의 역사적 실체는 무엇이고, 복례의 실천적 의미는 무엇인가? 셋째, 非禮의 대상은 무엇인가? 『춘추좌전』 기사에 의하면 극기의 주체는 초영왕이었고, 극기해야 할 대상은 초영왕의 야심이었다. 『논어』에서 공자가 통치자들과 나눈 대화에 의하면 극기의 주체는 군주를 포함한 통치자들이었고, 극기해야 할 대상은 통치자들의 탐욕이었다. 『춘추좌전』 기사에 의거할 때 禮의 실체는 주희의 천리가 아니라, 주공이 만든 주례였다. 복례는 주례의 준수를 지시하는 어휘였고, 주례의 복원이 갖는 실천적 의미는 ‘수탈이 없는 세계’의 실현이었다. 『춘추좌전』의 용례를 분석할 때, 非禮의 대상은 통치자들이 주례를 위반한 사태였다. 『논어』에서 공자가 보인 언행을 분석할 때, 非禮의 대상은 계씨를 비롯한 통치자들의 주례 위반 행위였다. I attempt to fix a contextual understanding of the phrase, <Self-control and returning to 'Li'>. At first, extracting the historical background of the phrase, then, I fix the context of <Self-control and returning to 'Li'> through analysing of the dialogues between Confucius and the rulers of Roh. The first issue to be examined is about "who is the subject of self-control and what is the object to be controlled." The second issue to be examined is "what is the historical substance of 'Li' and what the returning to 'Li' does mean politically?" The third issue is what is the concrete object of 'non-rite'. According to our study, the subject of self-control is not 'man in general' and not the confucian. Chunqiu Zuozhuan's report wrote down that the subject of self-control was the king and the object to be controlled was his greedy ambition. The dialogues passed down by the analects indicated that the subject of self-control was the ruler and the object to be controlled was his excessive greed. And The concrete object of 'non-rite' was the ruler's action against Zhou's Rites.
황광우,전태훈,Hwang, Kwang-Woo,Chun, Tae-Hoon 대한약학회 2006 약학회지 Vol.50 No.4
CD1d is an unique antigen presenting molecule which provides antigenic repertoires to NKT cells. To examine molecules required for CD1d antigen presentation, we determined an interaction between CD1d and several endoplasmic reticulum (ER) resident molecular chaperones by co-immunoprecipitation. Results indicated that calnexin and calreticulin seem to be bound to mouse CD1d, but TAP and tapasin do not bind. Further, we screened an yeat two hybrid system to identify proteins that help mouse CD1d transportation in the cytosol. We found that two proteins, heat shock protein a sub-unit $(Hsp90{\alpha})$ and protein kinase C and casein kinase substrate in neurons 3 (PACSIN-3), interact with CD1d. Future study will be focus on the role of these molecules during the CD1d antigen presentation.