정교한 클럭 게이팅을 이용한 저전력 재구성 가능한 DSP 설계

정찬민(Chan-Min Jung),이영근(Young-Geun Lee),정기석(Ki-Seok Chung) 대한전자공학회 2008 電子工學會論文誌-SD (Semiconductor and devices) Vol.45 No.2

최근 많은 임베디드 시스템에서 통신이나 멀티미디어의 다양한 표준을 지원해야 하는 요구가 끊이지 않고 있다. 그러나 현실적으로 임베디드 시스템에서 요구하는 만큼의 표준이나 프로토콜을 위한 별개의 가속 IP들을 갖는 것은 불가능할 뿐만 아니라 상당히 힘든 작업이다. 그러므로 다양한 표준을 지원할 수 있는 가속 IP를 개발하는 것은 위와 같은 현재의 임베디드 시스템에서 요구하는 트렌드에 있어 중요하다 할 수 있다. 다양한 기능을 수행하는 하드웨어는 일반적으로 실행 환경이나 시스템 설정에 따라 다양한 기능들을 지원하기 위하여 동적으로 즉, 실행시간에 재구성 가능한 DSP를 사용하고 있다. 그러나 하나의 IP가 다양한 기능을 수행시키기 위해서는 필수불가결적으로 추가적인 면적을 차지하거나 추가적인 전력소모가 따른다. 그러므로 본 논문에서는 동적으로 재구성 가능한 하드웨어의 파워 소모를 줄이기 위해 정교한 클럭 게이팅을 사용하였고, 또한 동적으로 재구성 가능한 하드웨어의 면적을 줄이기 위해 배럴 시프터(barrel shifter)를 이용한 곱셈기를 사용하여 메모리의 계수(Coefficient) 부분을 압축을 통해 메모리의 면적을 줄였다. 실행시간에 재구성 가능한 IP는 유사하지만 다른 기능들을 효과적으로 수행하기 때문에 이런 다기능 재구성 가능한 DSP IP의 전력소모를 성능에 영향 없이 줄이는 것은 상당히 난해한 일이다. 본 논문에서 제안한 정교한 클럭 게이팅은 동적으로 재구성 가능한 시스템에 아주 효율적으로 적용되었고 효과적인 결과를 도출하였다. 실험 결과는 본 논문에서 제시한 기법을 사용했을 시 사용하지 않았을 경우보다 최대 24%정도의 파워 절감 효과를 얻을 수 있었다. 또한 면적을 줄이기 위해서 기존의 일반적인 곱셈기를 사용하는 대신에 배럴 시프터(barrel shifter)를 이용한 곱셈기를 설계해 적용하였다. 기존 곱셈기를 제안한 곱셈기로 바꾸면 설계한 재구성 가능한 DSP의 구조상 많은 면적을 줄이는 것이 가능했다. 기존 곱셈기에 비해 제안된 곱셈기는 면적은 42%가 줄었으며, 전체적인 재구성 가능한 DSP의 면적에서 14% 감소한 결과를 도출하였다. 그러므로 본 논문은 재구성 가능한 특성을 갖는 IP의 단점인 파워 소모와 추가적인 면적을 효과적으로 보완한 면에 있어 큰 의의가 있다고 할 수 있다. Recently, many digital signal processing (DSP) applications such as H.264, CDMA and MP3 are predominant tasks for modern high-performance portable devices. These applications are generally computation-intensive, and therefore, require quite complicated accelerator units to improve performance. Designing such specialized, yet fixed DSP accelerators takes lots of effort. Therefore, DSPs with multiple accelerators often have a very poor time-to-market and an unacceptable area overhead. To avoid such long time-to-market and high-area overhead, dynamically reconfigurable DSP architectures have attracted a lot of attention lately. Dynamically reconfigurable DSPs typically employ a multi-functional DSP accelerator which executes similar, yet different multiple kinds of computations for DSP applications. With this type of dynamically reconfigurable DSP accelerators, the time to market reduces significantly. However, integrating multiple functionalities into a single IP often results in excessive control and area overhead. Therefore, delay and power consumption often turn out to be quite excessive. In this thesis, to reduce power consumption of dynamically reconfigurable IPs, we propose a novel fine-grained clock gating scheme, and to reduce size of dynamically reconfigurable IPs, we propose a compact multiplier-less multiplication unit where shifters and adders carry out constant multiplications.

유리 조직 이식의 분석

최상묵,홍성범,정찬민,서인석,Choi, Sang-Mook,Hong, Sung-Bum,Chung, Chan-Min,Suh, In-Seock 대한미세수술학회 1996 Archives of reconstructive microsurgery Vol.5 No.1

After transplantation of groin free flap was sucessed by the Daniel and Taylor in 1973, the reconstruction of plastic surgery was extensive and universal due to rapidly developement of anatomic study of the donor site and technique of microvascular surgery. The free tissue transfers is possible to be early activity and rehabilitation by one stage operation. It currently available allow transfer of specific tissue quality as bone, muscle, nerve to achieve a functional and cosmetic result as well as the most favorable secondary defect. But free flaps require critical, skillful technique and lengthy operating time. Also it has disadvantage of donor site morbity at the large tissue transfer. Authors were transferred with 107 cases in 103 patients from May 1987 to June 1996, and then we analysed free tissue transfer to acquire more increased sucess rate, satisfactory functional and cosmetic results. The sexual distribution was male prominent in 79 cases(76.7%), female in 24(23.3%) and age was variable distribution from 3 to 76 years old. The cause of defects was most prevalent in trauma of traffic and industrial accident in 51 cases(49%). The common recipient site were lower extremities in 47 cases(43.9%), upper extremities in 28 cases(26.5%), head and neck in 25 cases(23.4%), and trunk in 7 cases(6.5%). The type of transfer were free skin flaps in 46 cases(43%), free muscle or musculocutaneous flaps in 31 cases(29%), free vasculized or osteocutaneous flaps in 10 cases(9.3%), and specilized free flaps in 20 cases(18.7%). The anastomosis of artery was end to end anastomosis in 94 cases(87.9%), end to side anastomosis in 13 cases(12.1%) and all vein was end to end anastomosis. The number of anastomosed vessels were one artery one vein in 62 cases(57.9%), one artery two vein in 45 cases(42.1%) and vein graft was performed only one case. The postoperative mornitoring were used with temperature, color of flap, capillary refilling time, ultrasonogram, bone scan, doppler, and endoscopy. The reexploration was performed in 9 cases(8.4%), and then flap was loss in 3 cases(2.8%). Accordingly overall success rate was 97.2%. The postoperative complication was early vascular occlusion, hematoma, partial necrosis and late bulkiness, scarring, color dismatch etc. Therefore, free tissue transfer is the preferred method of treatment, even through conventional local and distant flaps are available.

흉강내 식도재건시 늑간동맥을 이용한 유리 공장 전이술

김한수,최상묵,정찬민,서인석,Kim, Han-Soo,Choi, Sang-Mook,Chung, Chan-Min,Suh, In-Seock 대한미세수술학회 1996 Archives of reconstructive microsurgery Vol.5 No.1

The reconstruction of esophageal defect after ablative surgery have more difficult than other digestive tract tumor because the restoration of anatomical and physiologic function is difficult, the risk of tumor invasion into the adjacent tissue is large. The reconstruction of cervical esophus was depended on the degree of resection of the esophagus, various reconstruction method was developed to minimize functional deficiency and deformity of cervical region. Recently, the free jejunal transfer or free radial forearm flap was commonly utilized for esophageal reconstruction due to development of technique of the microvascular anastomosis. After the esophageal reconstruction used by free jejunal transfer was reported by Seidenberg in 1951, jejunum is most commonly used for reconstruction of esophgus. Becaue of, it have been tubed anatomical similarity with muscular layer, relative small risk of complication, possible of oral intake within 10 days after operation, and early rehabilitaion. Authors have been treated esophageal defect with free jejunal transfer in 7 patients after resection of lesion in 6 eshageal cancer and 1 esophageal stricture from December 1994 to January 1996. We were transferred jejunum used by intercostal artery as recipient artery in 3 cases, it was satisfied with results. If intercostal artery was utilized as recipient artery for free jejunal transfer, we believe that any site of intrathoracic or intraabdominal esophageal defect is possible to recontruction.

수부의 연부조직 결손 재건을 위한 유리 피판의 선택

김택규,김한수,최상묵,정찬민,서인석,Kim, Taek-Kyu,Kim, Han-Su,Choi, Sang-Mook,Chung, Chan-Min,Suh, In-Suck 대한미세수술학회 1997 Archives of reconstructive microsurgery Vol.6 No.1

Traumatic injury to the hand often leads to soft tissue defects with exposed tendons, bones, or joints. Though many new flap have been introduced, the choice of flap that would be best for the patient depends on such factors as the site, size, and degree of wounds. Additionally the selected surgical method should be yielded cosmetic and functional superiority by the one-staged reconstruction. In our experience, small to medium sized soft tissue defect with bone and tendon exposure of hand can be resurfaced with an arterialized venous free flap from the volar aspect of distal forearm. Wide and deep defects of the hand can be covered with a sensory cutaneous free flap such as the medial plantar free flap, dorsalis pedis free flap, and radial forearm free flap. Specialized flap such as wrap-around flap, toe-to-finger transfer, onychocutaneous free flap can be used for the recontruction of defect on the thumb and finger. Based on the above considerations and our clinical experience of 60 free flap cases of the hand, the various methods for the proper repair of soft tissue defects of the hand are described. And we obtained satisfactory functional and cosmetic results with 95% success rate of free flap.

귀에 발생한 가성낭종의 수술 후 실리콘 자석 압박 치료 사례 1예

설성훈(Seong Hoon Seol),정찬민(Chan Min Chung),박명철(Myong Chul Park) 대한두경부종양학회 2022 대한두경부 종양학회지 Vol.38 No.1

Endochondral pseudocyst of the ear is a rare, benign, non-inflammatory cystic disease. It is known that there are a variety of treatment methods for pseudocyst, which is mainly common in the scaphoid or triangular fossa of the ear. Pseudocyst formation is prevalent in the residual cavity of the ear. So, to prevent a recurrence, a surgical approach is also required, but management through compression is necessary after surgery. Applying a cube magnet to the lesion to press provides patient convenience and facilitates continuous management.

효율적인 재구성 가능한 DSP 구조

이영근(Young-Geun Lee),이중목(Joong-Mok Lee),안병규(Byung-Gyu Ahn),정찬민(Chan-Min Jung),정기석(Ki-Seok Chung),정정화(Jong-Wha Chong) 대한전자공학회 2006 대한전자공학회 학술대회 Vol.2006 No.11

Modern DSP’s commonly run a set of complicated algorithms which take long run time and high power consumption. Accelerating IP’s are often employed to reduce the execution time and the power consumption. However, as the complexity and the variability of the DSP algorithms are growing, more and more accelerating IP’s are required. Since such specialized fixed IP’s are hard to design and debug, DSP’s with multiple accelerating IP’s are very likely to have a very poor time-to-market and an unacceptably high area cost. To improve the time-to-market and the area efficiency, dynamically reconfigurable DSP architectures have gained a lot of attention lately. Dynamically reconfigurable DSP’s typically have one (or two) multi-functional DSP accelerator which executes different, yet similar multiple core computations for a set of DSP algorithms. With this type of dynamically reconfigurable DSP accelerators, the time to market and the area/power efficiency of the DSP designs can be improved significantly.

하지 정맥류에 대한 광투시 전동형 정맥 제거술의 초기 보고

한상윤(Sang Yoon Han),조지웅(Ji Woong Cho),김병천(Byung Chun Kim),손태경(Tae Kyung Sohn),정봉화(Bong Wha Chung),정경석(Kyung Suk Chung),정찬민(Chan Min Chung) 대한외과학회 2004 Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research(ASRT) Vol.67 No.6

안와내벽골절의 진단과 수술에 대한 고찰

오석준,정철훈,이종욱,정찬민 大韓成形外科學會 1994 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.21 No.6

Medial orbital wall fracture may easily be overlooked because they give clinical symptoms in only a few instances and are located in an area difficult to visualize radiologically. Thus the chance to diagnose this type of fracture depends solely on the thoroughness of the clinical examinations, the skill and persistence to find a medial orbital wall fracture and the type of radiograph taken. We experienced 21 patients with medial orbital wall fractures from 1989 to 1993. The isolated medial orbital wall fractures were 7 cases and combined medial orbital wall fractures were 14 cases and the most common combined fracture was the nasal bone fracture(9 cases). The most common cause of fracture was the traffic accident. The medial orbital wall fracture was confirmed by facial CT scan. In conclusion, the authors state that 1) A medial orbital wall fracture is frequently seen in conjunction with similar type of blow-out fracture of the orbital floor and nasal bone fracture, so careful examination for signs of the medial orbital wall fracture in addition to orbital floor and nasal bone fracture should be carried out. 2) Facial CT scan is superior to conventional radiography in diagnosis of medial orbital wall fractures. 3) In early cases, we used bone graft to correct the medial orbital wall defect, but resorption of the grafted bone was occurred, so recent cases, the alloplastic implants(silastic sheet, titanium mesh) were used.

수지 조갑하 사구종양과 사구맥관육종의 치험례

정찬민,전훈봉,이종욱,오석준,이진영,정철훈,범진식 大韓成形外科學會 1996 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.23 No.2

Glomus tumor is rare benign tumor of the normal glomus, which is a neuroarterial canalsystem called the Sucquet-Hoyer canal. The function of the glomus appears to be to regulate local blood pressure and local heat by blood flow. The etiology of its development is unknown, but some patients have history of trauma. Glomus tumor has been described in the trunk as well as in upper and lower extremits hand (the most common location). The triad of pain, tenderness and sensitivity to cold is characteristics of glomus tumor of the hand. Treatment consists of surgical excision of the lesion under the tourniquet control and magnification for complete removal of the lesion. Glomangiosarcoma or malignant form of glomus tumor is exceptionally rare. Only a few cases have been reported. We experienced five cases of glomus tumor and a cases of glomangiosarcoma treated by complete removal of tumors through partial elevatioin of nail. Typical pain of the lesion was disappeared after operation, also nail deformity did not occurred.

유리 전거근 피판의 다양한 임상적 이용

최상묵,정찬민,홍성범,서인석 大韓成形外科學會 1997 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.24 No.4

The serratus anterior muscle is a large muscle located on the lateral aspect of the thorax. After first transfer as a free flap by Takayanagi and Tsukie in 1982, it has recently been used for reconstruction of the soft tissue defect of head and neck lesions as well as extremity injuries. It also has been transferred in combination with latissimus dorsi muscle, rib bone, and skin in reconstructing extensive compound defects. Authors have treated with free serratus anterior muscle flap in 15 cases of skin and soft tissue defect from May 1994 to June 1996. The sites of reconstruction were lower extremities in 11 cases, face in 2 cases, forearm and pelvis in each 1 cases. The causes of defect were chronic osteomyelitis combined with soft tissue defect in 7 cases, hypertrophic scar contracture in 4 cases, tumor in 3 cases, and cavernous hemangioma in 1 case. We also have performed combination flaps of latissimus dorsi muscle in 2 cases and rib bone graft in 3 cases. All flaps were survived and no secondary morbidity of donor site was observed. The advantages of free serratus anterior muscle flap are 1) reliability with consistently long and large pedicle, 2) easy flap dissection, 3) combined transfer, 4) less donor site morbidity, and 5) less postoperative bulkiness. Accordingly, it was flap of choice for small no moderate sized soft tissue defects in various site reconstruction.