TRIZ를 이용한 키인터록 시스템 개발

정진상(Jin sang Chung) 한국자동차공학회 2010 한국자동차공학회 학술대회 및 전시회 Vol.2010 No.11

The “Key Interlock System” is applied as a regulation of North America (F/CMVSS 114) which has caused troubles, big operation noise, excessive heating of solenoid The TRIZ is a romanized acronym for Russian: (Teoriya Resheniya Izobretatelskikh Zadatch) meaning “The theory of inventive problem solving.” It is innovative and logical problem solving methodology. This paper will introduce analysis of the problem, solving the problem using TRIZ method and the test results

무소음, 무발열 키인터록 시스템 개발

정진상(Jin sang Chung),권상훈(Sang Hoon Gweon) 한국자동차공학회 2011 한국자동차공학회 부문종합 학술대회 Vol.2011 No.5

The “Key Interlock System” is applied as a regulation of North America (F/CMVSS 114) which has caused troubles, big operation noise, excessive heating of solenoid The TRIZ is a romanized acronym for Russian: (Teoriya Resheniya Izobretatelskikh Zadatch) meaning “The theory of inventive problem solving.” It is innovative and logical problem solving methodology. This paper will introduce analysis of the problem, solving the problem using TRIZ method and the test results

하반신 마비환자의 FES 독립보행을 위한 근육 강화 프로그램

강선화,강곤,최현주,김종문,정순열,정진상,Khang, Seon-Hwa,Khang, Gon,Choi, Hyun-Joo,Kim, Jong-Moon,Chong, Soon-Yeol,Chung, Jin-Sang 대한의용생체공학회 1998 의공학회지 Vol.19 No.1

본 연구에서는 엑서사이즈 프로그램이 FES를 이용한 하반신 마비환자의 일어서기 및 보행에 미치는 영향을 고찰하였으며, 또한 주요 다리근육들의 전기자극에 대한 수축특성과 피로특성에 주안점을 두었다. 정상인 10명과 완전 하반신 마비환자 4명의 대퇴사두근에 연속적 혹은 간헐적으로 전기자극을 가하였고, 자극주파수는 20Hz와 80Hz로 하였다. 또 근육의 길이에 따른 피로현상을 살펴보기 위하여 무릎의 각도를 90$^{\circ}$와 150$^{\circ}$로 각각 고정한 뒤 무릎신근 토크를 측정하였다. 그 결과를 바탕으로 남자 하반신 마비환자의 대퇴사두근과 장딴지근에 지난 2년간 FES엑서사이즈를 시행하였다. 무릎신근의 근력이 체중을 지지하기에 충분하다고 판단되었을 때 FES 일어서기를 시작하였으며, 자세교환 연습을 거친 뒤 평행봉 혹은 워커를 잡고 정전압 자극기와 표면전극을 사용한 4 또는 6채널 자극으로 보행하도록 하였다. 마비된 근육은 정상인과는 반대로 최적길이 부근에서 상대적으로 급격한 피로를 나타내었고, 저주와 자극과 간헐 자극이 피로를 지연시키는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 본 실험에 참가한 환자는 FES 엑서사이즈 프로그램을 실시한 결과, 근력이 초기의 10배 정도로 증가하였고, 피로지수는 초기의 절반 정도로 감소하였으며, 엑서사이즈 횟수를 매주 6일에서 7일로 바꾼 후 근력이 눈에 띄게 향상되었다. 환자 자신의 잔존능력도 향상되어 양쪽 무릎을 10cm정도 들어올릴 수 있게 됨으로써 보행시 스윙 단계에서 이 능력을 최대한 활용할 수 있었다. 현재 환자는 워커를 잡고 스스로 자극기의 스위치를 조작하면서 4채널 자극에 의하여 10m/min의 속도로 최대 약 2분 40초의 보행이 가능하다. This research was designed to investigate how the exercise program affects paraplegic standing and walking employing functional electrical stimulation(FES). Emphasis was also given to fatigue of major lower extremity muscles induced by different types of electrical stimulation. We applied continuous and intermittent rectangular pulse trains to quadriceps of 10 normal subjects and 4 complete paraplegic patients. The frequencies were 20Hz and 80Hz, and the knee angle was fixed at 90$^{\circ}$and 150$^{\circ}$to investigate how muscle fatigue is related to muscle length. The knee extensor torque was measured and monitored. We have been training quadriceps and gastrocnemius of a male paraplegic patient by means of electrical stimulation for the past two year. FES standing was initiated when the knee extensors became strong enough to support the body weight, and then the patient started FES walking utilizing parallel bars and a walker. We used an 8-channel constant-voltage stimulator and surface electrodes. The experimental results indicated that paralyzed muscles fatigued rapidly around the optimal length contrary to normal muscles and confirmed that low frequency and intermittent stimulation delayed fatigue. Our exercise program increased muscle force by approximately 10 folds and decreased the fatigue index to half of the initial value. In addition, the exercise enabled the patient to voluntarily lift each leg up to 10cm, which was of great help to the swing phase of FES walking. Both muscle force and resistance to fatigue were significantly enhanced right after the exercise was applied every day instead of 6 days a week. Up to date, the patient can walk for more than two and half minutes at 10m/min while controlling the on/off time of the stimulator by pushing the toggle switch attached to the walker handle.

키코드 알고리즘 최적화 방안에 관한 연구

류재민(Ryu, Jae Min),서승우(Seo, Seung-Woo),신종일(Shin, Jong Il),정진상(Chung, Jin Sang) 한국자동차공학회 2016 한국자동차공학회 학술대회 및 전시회 Vol.2016 No.11

도농 지역에서 만성 요통 환자의 우울증 평가

이정모(Lee Jeong Mo),김종문(Kim Jong Moon),김종훈(Kim Jong Hoon),정진상(Chung Jin Sang) 한국지역사회생활과학회 2004 한국지역사회생활과학회지 Vol.15 No.2

건국의대에서 경험한 세 가지 문제중심학습 유형

노연희(Yun Hee Noh),김교순(Kyo Sun Kim),박형석(Hyung Seok Park),김경수(Kyung Soo Kim),배기만(Kee Man Bae),안의환(Eu Whan Ahn),정진상(Jin Sang Chung),이성기(Sung Kee Lee),최희정(Hee Jung Choi),장동욱(Dong Wook Jang),박승훈(Seung Hun P 한국의학교육학회 2000 Korean journal of medical education Vol.12 No.2

건국의대에서는 보다 학습에 효율적이고 임상실습에 도움을 주는 PBL 유형을 알아내고자 1999년 6월 28일~7월 9일까지 1학기말 고사가 끝난 후 2주일 간 본과 3학년 41명 전원을 대상으로 세 가지 유형의 PBL (두 가지는 면대면 PBL, 나머지 한 가지는 사이버 PBL)을 실시하였고 설문조사와 PBL 평가결과의 상호 비교 및 3학년 1학기 평균평점과의 비교를 통하여 다음과 같은 사실을 알게 되었다.1. 전체 학생을 대상으로 한 PBL 사전교육은 PBL의 취지와 필요성을 이해시키고 진행하는 방법을 이해시키는 데에 반드시 필요하였다. 2. 면대면 PBL이나 tutor에 대한 만족도는 매우 높았으나 평가방법에 대한 만족도는 상대적으로 낮았다. 3. 면대면 PBL은 사이버 PBL에 비해 만족도가 높았는데 이는 사이버 PBL 모듈의 많은 장점에도 불구하고 면대면 PBL만큼 토론이 자유롭지 못하였고 컴퓨터 사용 미숙, 그리고 시스템에 대한 이해부족 때문으로 사료되었다. 4. 임상실습에 가장 도움을 준 PBL 유형은 면대면으로 진행하되 모듈제작교수의 총정리 강의 대신지침서로 대신한 제 II형이었으며, PBL 과정 중 동료들과 토론하면서 문제를 해결했던 경험이 가장 임상실습에 도움을 준 것으로 밝혀졌다. 5. 면대면이나 사이버 PBL의 평가결과는 상호간에 유의한 상관관계가 없었고 각각의 PBL 결과와 3학년 1학기 평균평점과도 유의한 상관관계가 없었다. 이상의 결과를 통하여 현행과 같은 커리큘럼에서 PBL은 본과 3학년 1학기말고사가 끝난 시점 2~3주간이 적절하고, 사이버 PBL은 면대면 토론이 불가능한 방학 때를 이용하는 것이 효과적이며 꼭 필요한 경우를 제외하고 한 모듈 내용에 대한 정리는 지침서 배부로 충분할 것임을 알게 되었다. 학생들은 자신이 선호하는 분야에서 능력에 따라 성적의 높낮이를 보였으며 금번 PBL에서 주로 평가하였던 과정 및 행동평가만으로는 PBL을 통한 새로운 지식습득 여부와 통합능력 여부를 판단하기 어렵기 때문에 Triple Jump, OSCE 및 MEQ와 같은 방법을 이용한 평가도 반드시 함께 이루어져야 한다고 생각 되었다. We performed three kinds of problem-based learning (PBL) formulas in all of forty-one 3rd grade students after the final examination of the first semester from June 28, 1999 to July 9, 1999 at Konkuk University College of Medicine to investigate which formula is the most efficient and helpful in medical education and polyclinic course. The PBL formulas applied were the typical face-to-face PBL accompanied by mini-lecture (Type I) or by distribution of the guidelines without lecture (Type II) and cyber PBL using web-based module and discussion over cyber space (Type III). Response of students was surveyed using some questionnaires and the evaluation results of each PBL were analyzed with Pearson s correlation test. All participating students were satisfied with the face-to-face PBL especially in applying time of PBL, using discussion to solve the problem, and studying with tutors. In cyber PBL, in spite of excellency of the contents, limitations in discussion over cyber space and computer skills, misunderstanding of computer system, and additional cost for private PC rent seemed to decrease the satisfaction with this PBL. Experience in Type II PBL was turned out to be the most helpful and discussion among fellow students in PBL to be the most useful experience for incoming polyclinic course. There were no significant correlations between the evaluation results of face-to-face PBL and cyber PBL or between the evaluation results of each type of PBL and the average credit of that semester, suggesting that evaluation of the newly acquired knowledge through PBL using tools such as Triple Jump, OSCE (objective structured clinical examination), and MEQ (modified essay question) should be included in assesment of academic achievement in addition to the evaluation of activities during PBL.

Prednisolone이 골격근의 근력에 미치는 영향

鄭鎭相,吳貞姬 고려대학교 의과대학 1988 고려대 의대 잡지 Vol.25 No.3

Clinical and experimental studies have revealed that muscle weakness and wasting are common complications of prednisolone administration . Many studies have been reported that muscle weakness and atrophy associated with prednisolone treatment developed from alteration of the contractile properties of skeletal muscles with no evidence of peripheral nerve involvement. The purpose of this work is to study the effect of prednisolone on the strength (threshold, fatigue and tetanic rise time) of skeletal muscles. The experimental rats were divided into 5 groups; the control group, rats treated with prednisoloneacetate for 5, 10 and 15 days, and rats 30 days after treatment with 15 days by prednisolone. Each experimental groups were injected prednisolone acetate intramuscularly, 8mg/kg daily. After injection prednisolone into the Quadriceps femoris, the Sciatic nerve were stimulated. The strength of the threshold, fatigue and tetanic rise time developing from the Gastrocnemius were compared with those in the control group. The results obtained are as follows, 1. After stimulation of the Sciatic nerve, the average threshold, derived from the Gastrocnemius, in the control group was 235.0mv. The threshold showed a gradual decrease with the increase of duration of prednisolone treatment and down to 123.0mv at 15 days treatment. 2. The average value for fatigue derived 5 seconds after the peak of the tetanic curve was 17.76% for the control group. As the duration of the prednisolone treatment increased, the fatigue became a gradual decrease and the lowest value,4.5%, was seen with 15 days of prednisolone treatment showing a significant change. For each group, as electrical stimulation was increased to two times four times and tentimes of the threshold strength, it showed a significant increase statistically. 3. The average value for the tetanic rise time derived from the curve between the start of the electrical stimulation and the peak of the tetanic curve was 740.0 msec in the control group. As the duration of the treatment with prednisolone increased, the tetanlc rise time was gradually rised and the longest time of 1100.0msec was observed for the group treated for 15 days showing a significant change. For each group, as electrical stimulation was increased to two times, four times and ten times of the thresholdstrength, it showed a gradual decrease. 4. In the 30 days after treatment with 15 days by prednisolone, the contractile strength seen from the threshold, fatigue and tetanic rise time were almost recovered back to normal level.

당뇨병성 다발성 신경병증과 수근관 증후군에서 운동전 전위의 전기진단학적 의의

김종문,정순열,정진상 건국대학교 의과학연구소 1996 건국의과학학술지 Vol.5 No.-

A small negative potential precedes the compound muscle action potential(CMAP) evoked from the thenar muscle with median nerve stimulation with high amplifier gains. This potential is called premotor potential(PMP) or intramuscular nerve action potential(INAP). There have been some investigation upon the origin of this potential, but not clearly defined. Moreover, clinical application has not been tried yet. The purposes of this study are to investigate the electrodiagnostic significance of PMP in patients with diabetic polyneuropathy(DMPN) and carpal tunnel syndrome(CTS) and to help establish the origin of PMP. Subjects(N=106) are classified as having DMPN and/or CTS and as having motor or sensory abnormalities, respectively. The results of this study reveal as follows; 1) The latency of PMP(PMPL), the amplitude of PMP(PMPA), IPI(interpotential interval; interval between CMAPDL and PMPL) reveal significant changes in both motor and sensory nerve abnormalities. 2) PMPL is prolonged according to the prolongation of the distal latency of CMAP(CMAPDL) in CTS. 3) CMAPDL and IPI were prolonged in CTS. 4) PMPL has moderate diagnostic value for the diagnosis of CTS, but IPI has less diagnostic value than PMPL. 5) PMPL, PMPA, IPI have no significant changes in DMPN. So we suggest that PMP may be originated from median mixed nerve and can be used as one of the electrodiagnostic tools for CTS.

수맥이 인체에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

정진상,정순열,이종섭 건국대학교 의과학연구소 1998 건국의과학학술지 Vol.8 No.-

To investigate the influences of underground water on normal adults, serial measurements of blood pressure(BP), pulse rate(PR), electrocardiogram(EKG), transcranial doppler sonography(TCD), quantitative electrocardiogram(QEEG), visual evoked potential(VEP), and cognitive evoked potential by auditory stimulation(P300) were performed on thirty one normal healthy adults before and after exposure for one hour to the zone of harmful radiation in underground water. The results were as follows: 1) There were no significant differences-in BP, PR results of EKG, and QEEG in comparison of before and after exposure to the zone of harmful radiation in underground water. 2) There we no significant differences in mean blood flow velocity, resistance index, and pulastility index by TCD in comparison of before and after exposure to the zone of harmful radiation in underground water. 3) The VEP study revealed no significant change in P100 latency(p<0.05) but there was significant decrease in amplitude in comparison of before and after exposure to the zone of harmful radiation in underground water. 4) The P300 study revealed no significant change in P300 latency(p<0.05) but there was significant decrease in amplitude in comparison of before and after exposure to the zone of harmful radiation in underground water. In conclusion, despite its unidentified underlying mechanism, radiation in underground water may influence inhibitory effects of perception by the brain and the neurophysiological pathway of vision.

적외선 체열촬영을 이용한 당뇨병성 족부궤양의 평가

이수영,유두식,정순열,정진상 건국대학교 의과학연구소 1998 건국의과학학술지 Vol.8 No.-

To assess whether the development of plantar foot ulceration could be predicted from the mean plantar foot temperature(MFT), as assessed by digital infrared thermographic imaging(DITI), in patients with or without diabetic polyneuropathy or foot ulceration, 46 feet with no diabetic polyneuropathy(group Ⅰ), 40 feet with diabetic polyneuropathy(group Ⅱ), and 17 feet with diabetic foot ulcer(group Ⅲ) were assessed by DITI in six standard plantar sites and were correlated with laboratory findings (blood sugar, hemoglobin Alc, C-peptide). Total MFT was significantly higher in group Ⅲ(33.18±1.86℃) than group Ⅰ(29.13±1.63℃) or group Ⅱ(30.89±1.51℃). There were increasing tendency of focal MFT in the third metatarsal head and greater toe where revealed higher incidence of foot ulceration. There was a trend toward elevation of glycosylated hemoglobin(HbAlc) in groupⅢ. In conclusion, DITI is a simple, noninvasive method of idenfifying the neuropathic foot at increased risk of ulceration. Patients with high plantar foot temperature are at increased risk of neuropathic foot ulceration.