Differential Photodynamic Damages and Photoprotective Mechanism in Wild Type and Transgenic Rice Expressing Myxococcus xanthus Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase

정선요 韓國雜草學會 2007 Weed&Turfgrass Science Vol.27 No.4

VR 콘텐츠가 재한 중국인 유학생 아증후군적 우울 상태에 미치는 영향 연구 - 주의력회복이론을 기반으로 -

정선요(Xianyao Ding),이연우(YeonWoo Lee),김치용(Chee-Yong Kim) 한국멀티미디어학회 2022 멀티미디어학회논문지 Vol.25 No.1

중국인 유학생의 아증후군적 우울증 회복을 위한 방법 연구

정선요(Xianyao Ding),이연우(YeonWoo Lee),김치용(CheeYong Kim) 한국멀티미디어학회 2021 멀티미디어학회논문지 Vol.24 No.10

Expression Site of Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase Influences on Herbicide Resistance in Transgenic Rice

Sunyo Jung(정선요) 韓國雜草學會 2010 Weed&Turfgrass Science Vol.30 No.3

과산화계 제초제 oxyfluorfen이 처리된 비형칠전환 벼와 형질전환 벼에서 Protox 발현 위치가 제초제 저항성에 미치는 영향을 비교하였다. Arabidopsis protoporphyrinogen oxidase(Protox; AP 계통)를 색소체에만 발현하는 형질전환 벼와 Myxococcus xanthus Protox 유전자를 색소체와 미토콘드리아에 모두 발현하는 형질전환 벼(TTS 계통)가 형질전환 시스템으로 사용되었다. Oxyfluorfen이 처리된 TTS4 계통은 AP 계통이나 비형질전환 벼에 비해 낮은 수준의 세포질 누출 및 malonyldialdehyde를 보여주었고, 높은 5-aminolevulinic acid 합성 능력을 유지 하였다. Oxyfluorfen 작용 동안, TTS4 계통은 API 계통보다 높은 제초제 저항성을 보여주었는데, 이는 색소체만에서의 Arabidopsis Protox의 발현에 비해 색소체와 미토콘드리아에서의 M. xanthus Protox의 쌍발현이 광역학적인 protoporphyrin Ⅸ의 축적을 더 효율적으로 억제하였기 때문일 것이다. 이 결과들은 미토콘드리아 내 Protox의 발현이 Protox 저해형 제초제에 대한 식물의 저항성에 크게 기여함을 의미한다. The effect of Protox expression site on herbicidal resistance was investigated in wild-type and transgenic rice plants imposed by peroxidizing herbicide oxyfluorfen. The transgenic rice systems involved the plastidal expression of Arabidopsis protoporphyrinogen oxidase (Protox; AP line) and the dual expression of Myxococcus xanthus Protox in chloroplasts and mitochondria (TTS line). The oxyfluorfen-treated TTS4 line showed the lower levels of cellular leakage and malonyldialdehyde and the sustained capacity of 5-aminolevulinic acid synthesis, compared to the oxyfluorfen-treated AP and wild-type lines. During oxyfluorfen action, the TTS4 line had greater herbicide resistance than the AP1 line, indicating that the dual expression of M. xanthus Protox in chloroplasts and mitochondria prevented the accumulation of photodynamic protoporphyrin Ⅸ more effectively than the expression of Arabidopsis Protox only in chloroplasts. These results suggest that the ectopic expression of Protox in mitochondria greatly contributes to the herbicidal resistance in rice plants.

Differential Photodynamic-induced Oxidative Stress Imposed by Aminolevulinic Acid and Oxyfluorfen

Sunyo Jung(정선요) 韓國雜草學會 2009 Weed&Turfgrass Science Vol.29 No.4

5-aminolevulinic acid(ALA)와 oxygluorfen의 광역학적 저해 기작에 대한 영향을 벼 식물체에서 비교하였다. 다양한 농도의 ALA 및 oxyfluorfen이 처리된 벼 잎조직의 세포질 누출이 광조사 시간에 따라 크게 증가하였다. ALA가 처리된 잎조직이 oxyfluoren이 처리된 입조직이 보다 세포질 누출 속도가 빠리 증가하였다. ALA 또는 oxyfluorfen의 엽면 처리 시 malonyladehyde의 생성이 급격하게 증가하였고, 특히 ALA 처리 식뭉에서 더 큰 증가를 보여주었다. 엽록소와 카로티노이드 함량 또한 ALA와 oxyfluorfen이 처리된 식물에서 모두 감소하였으나, ALA 처리 식물에서 더 큰 감소를 보여주었다. 엽록소 a/b 비율은 ALA와 oxyfluorfen 처리 식물에서 모두 감소하였으나 두 처리 간에 차이는 없었다. 전체적으로 볼 때 ALA 처리 식물이 oxyfluoren 처리 식물에 비해 급격한 광역학적 스트레스를 겪는 것으로 보인다. We compared the effect of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) and oxyfluorfen on photodynamic-induced oxidative stress in rice plants. Leaf squares of rice plants incubated with various concentrations of ALA and oxyfluorfen under illumination were characterized by a time-dependent increase in electro-conductivity. The ALA-treated leaf tissues showed much faster increase in conductivity than the oxyfluorfen-treated leaf tissues did. The production of malonyldialdehyde also drastically increased in response to foliar application of ALA and oxyfluorfen, with a greater increase in the ALA-treated plants. In response to foliar application of herbicides, chlorophyll and carotenoid contents decreased in both ALA-treated and oxyfluorfen-treated plants, with sightly higher decline in the ALA-treated plants. The ratio of chlorophyll a/b decreased in response to ALA and oxyfluorfen treatments, but did not show any noticeable difference between the two treatments. Overall, the ALA-treated rice plants suffered greater photodynamic stress, compared with the oxyfluorfen-treated plants.

Photodynamic Stress-Induced Nonenzymatic Antioxidant Responses in Transgenic Rice Overexpressing 5-Aminolevulinic Acid Synthase

Sunyo Jung(정선요) 韓國雜草學會 2011 Weed&Turfgrass Science Vol.31 No.4

색소체 transit 서열이 결여된 Bradyrhizobium japonicum ALA-S 유전자를 과발현하는 형질전환 벼의 광역학적 스트레스에 의해 유도되는 항산화반응을 조사하였다. 350 μmol m-2 s-1의 높은 광 수준은 야생형 벼에 비교하였을 때 형질전환 계통인 C4와 C5의 quantum yield를 감소시켰다. 대조적으로, 높은 광수준 하에서 형질전환 계통 C4와 C5의 nonphotochemicalquenching (NPQ) 수준은 야생형 계통과 낮은 광 수준 하의 형질전환 계통에 비해 높은 증가를 보여주었다. 형질전환 계통에서 높은 NPQ 수준은 xanthophyll인 zeaxanthin 수준의 증가와 밀접한 관련이 있었다. 150 μmol m-2 s-1의 낮은 광 수준과 비교하였을 때 높은 광 수준에서 violaxanthin 수준이 야생형 벼에서 증가하였으나, 형질전환 C4와 C5 계통에서는 현저하게 감소하였다. 형질전환 벼에서 nonphotochemical energy dissipation과 광보호기작을 가진 xanthophyll 색소가 광역학적 피해를 조절하는데 결정적인 역할을 하는 것으로 생각되나, 이러한 기작 이 광역학 스트레스를 극복하지는 못하였고 결과적으로 photobleaching 증상에 이르게 하였다. We investigated photodynamic stress-induced antioxidant responses in transgenic rice overexpressing Bradyrhizobium japonicum 5-aminolevulinic acid synthase (ALA-S) coding sequence lacking plastidal transit sequence. High light of 350 μmol m-2 s-1 decreased the quantum yield in the transgenic lines, C4 and C5, compared to that of wild-type line. By contrast, non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) levels of C4 and C5 under high light were higher than those of the transgenic lines under low light of 150 μmol m-2 s-1 as well as wild-type line under low and high light. Greater levels of NPQ in the transgenic lines exposed to high light were in a close correlation with increases in the xanthophyll pigment, zeaxanthin. Under high light, levels of neoxanthin, violaxanthin, lutein, and β-carotene in the transgenic lines were lower than those in wild-type line. Taken together, nonphotochemical energy dissipation and photoprotectant xanthophyll pigments play a critical role to deal with the severe photodynamic damage in the transgenic rice plants, although they could not overcome the photodynamic stress, leading to severe photobleaching symptoms.

백련 4종류 잎 추출물의 생리활성 효과

박용서,고린스테인 셜라,유용권,임명희,박윤점,김현주,정선요,허북구 한국인간·식물·환경학회 2007 인간식물환경학회지 Vol.10 No.4

백련 잎의 소비확대를 위한 기초자료 확보측면에서 2007년 8월에 ‘가람’, ‘초의’, ‘백화건련’, ‘승달’ 백련의 잎을 수확하여 열수와 에탄올 추출물의 생리활성 효과를 조사하였다. 총 페놀함량은 열수 추출물의 경우 ‘초의’ 백련에서 78.3㎍·mL-1로 가장 많았고, 에탄올 추출물은 ‘백화건련’에서 146.8㎍·mL-1로 가장 많았다. 전자공여능은 추출물의 농도가 2,000ppm일 때 ‘승달’의 열수 추출물 및 에탄올 추출물에서 각각 83.3%와 94.0%로 가장 높았다. 총 플라보노이드 함량은 에탄올 추출물에서 높게 나타나 63.6㎍·mL-1(‘승달’)-92.2㎍·mL-1(‘초의’)를 나타낸 반면에 열수 추출물은 28.8㎍·mL-1(‘초의’) 이하를 나타내었다. 아질산염 소거는 추출물의 농도가 2,000ppm일 때 열수 추출물은 ‘초의’ 에서 69.2%로 가장 높게 나타났으며, 에탄올 추출물에서는 ‘백화건련’에서 80.7%로 가장 높게 나타났다. Tyrosinase 활성 저해 효과는 백련의 종류 및 용매에 관계없이 거의 나타나지 않았다. 항균활성은 에탄올 추출물에서 다소 높게 나타났는데, 저해환의 직경은 전반적으로 8.3-11.2mm를 나타냈다. This study was conducted to gather the basic data on physiological activities of leaf extracts from white lotus for the increase of public consumption. The leaves of four species of white lotus including cv. 'Garam', 'Choeue', 'Baekwageollyeon', and 'Seungdal' were harvested, and their physiological activities of extracts from the heated water and ethanol were examined. Total phenol contents were highest in the extracts of heated-water from the white lotus cv. 'Choeue' by 78.3㎍·mL-1 and in ethanol extracts from cv. 'Baekwageollyeon' by 146.8㎍·mL-1. DPPH radical scavenging activity was highest at 2,000ppm of the heated-water and ethanol extracts of white lotus cv. 'Seungdal' by 83.9% and 94.0%, respectively. Total flavonoid contents in the ethanol extracts of cv. 'Seungdal'(63.6㎍·mL-1) and 'Choeue'(92.2㎍·mL-1) were higher than those in the heated-water extracts of cv. 'Choeue' (28.8㎍·mL-1). Nitrite scavenging activity of heated-water extracts of cv. 'Choeue' extracted was 69.2%, and ethanol extracts of 'Baekwageollyeon' 80.7%. No significance in tyrosinase inhibition activity of the leaf extracts from four species of white lotus among those species and solvents were observed. Anti-microbial activity of the ethanol extracts was higher than that of the heated water, showing bigger inhibition diameter (8.3 to 11.2mm).

Porphyrin Biosynthesis and Antioxidant Properties are Influenced by Wavelength of LED-Light in Arabidopsis Seedlings

김진길,정선요 인간식물환경학회 2015 인간식물환경학회지 Vol.18 No.1

The effects of different light wavelengths on porphyrin biosynthesis and antioxidant mechanism were examined using different wavelengths from light emitting diodes (LED) with wavelengths of white LED (420-680 nm) as a control, blue LED (460-490 nm), green LED (520-550 nm), and red LED (620-650 nm). After 3 days of exposure to various wavelengths of LED lights, Arabidopsis seedlings treated with blue LED displayed significant increases in Mg-porphyrins including Mg-protoporphyrin IX (Mg-Proto IX), Mg-Proto IX methyl ester (ME), and protochlorophyllide, whereas red LED resulted in the lower levels of Mg-Proto IX and Mg-Proto IX ME, compared to white LED. Among various LEDs, blue LED induced the great increase in antioxidant property as indicated by increased transcript level of CatA, compared to white LED. Similarly, the blue-LED treatment greatly accumulated the amount of anthocyanin in Arabidopsis seedlings, compared to other wavelengths of LED lights. Our study demonstrates that different light wavelengths greatly influence plants’ physiological characteristics through altering porphyrin biosynthesis as well as antioxidant properties.

Natural Photodynamic Activity of 5-Aminolevulinic Acid Produced by E. coli Overexpressing ALA Synthase from Bradyrhizobium japonicum

천상욱,한승관,정선요,부희옥 한국작물학회 2006 한국작물학회지 Vol.51 No.4

The present study was conducted to determine plant growth and physiological responses of corn, barnyardgrass, and soybean to ALA (5-aminolevulinic acid). ALA effect on early seedling growth of test plants was greatly concentration dependant, suggesting that it inhibits at higher concentrations. No significant difference in herbicidal activity of two types of ALA on plant height and weight of test plants was observed. Barnyardgrass was the most sensitive to ALA and followed by corn and soybean, indicating that both crop plants were less affected by ALA concentration as well as different growth stages than barnyardgrass. Greatly reduced chlorophyll contents from leaves of three plant species were observed with increasing of ALA concentration. Compared with untreated controls, higher amounts of three tetrapyrroles were detected from three crop plants, indicating more accumulation in ALA-treated plants. The differential selectivity among plant species would be explained with the differences in tetrapyrrole accumulating capabilities, the susceptibility of various greening groups of plant species to the accumulation of various tetrapyrroles, and their metabolism in various plant tissues. The results indicate that negative biological potential of ALA exhibited differently on plant species, and that the photodynamic herbicidal activity against susceptible plants highly correlated with the extent of tetrapyrrole accumulation by the species.

게르마늄 시용에 따른 녹두 생육 및 부위별 Ge 함량 변화

김동관,천상욱,정선요,이경동,김관수,임요섭 한국작물학회 2007 한국작물학회지 Vol.52 No.4

본 연구는 게르마늄 함유 녹두 생산을 위해 게르마늄의 효과적인 처리방법과 이행특성 등을 구명하고자 수행하였다. 1. 액상 게르마늄(7 mg/l) 개화기 엽면살포구 1, 2차 수확 종실의 게르마늄 함량은 각각 38.7, 14.1ug/kg 로 입상 게르마늄(7 mg/kg)을 기비와 함께 시용하는 것보다 각각 2.5, 2.3배 많다. 2. 게르마늄 3.5, 7, 14, 28 mg/l 를 개화기 엽면살포구 1, 2차 수확 종실의 게르마늄 함량은 각각 14.9~77.8ug/kg,6.9~26.7ug/kg 로 엽면살포 농도에 비례하여 많았으나 1차 수확 종실이 2차 수확 종실에 비해 2.2~4.1 배 많다. 반면에 무처리구 1, 2차 수확 종실의 게르마늄 함량은 각각 1.9, 3.2ug/kg 이었다. 3. 게르마늄 7 mg/l를 2회나 3회 엽면살포시 1~3 차 수확 종실의 게르마늄 함량은 20ug/kg 이상으로 일정 수준의 게르마늄 축적이 가능하였다. 4. 게르마늄 96ug/kg 이 함유된 녹두 종실에서 자엽의 게르마늄 함량은 138ug/kg 으로 종피보다 단위 중량당 79% 많았다. 5. 본 연구에 이용된 게르마늄의 제형, 엽면살포 농도 및 횟수에 따른 녹두 생육과 수량은 유의차가 없다. This study was conducted to clarify the effective application method, uptake, and translocation of germanium(Ge) in mungbean plants. The foliar application of liquid Ge at 7 mg/l during the flowering period, seeds containing 38.7, 14.1~mug/kg of Ge, from the first and second harvesting. It had 2.5 and 2.3 times more Ge than the seeds raised by using granule Ge at 7 mg/kg with basal fertilization. The foliar application of Ge at 3.5, 7, 14 and 28 mg/l during the flowering period, yielded a relatively high record of seeds containing 14.9~77.8~mug/kg and 6.9~26.7~mug/kg of Ge, from the first and second harvesting. However, seeds from the first harvesting contained 2.2~4.1 times more Ge than the seeds of from the second harvesting. On the other hand, seeds from first and second harvesting of the non-treatment group Ge contained 1.9 and 3.2~mug/kg , respectively. When the foliar application of Ge at 7 mg/l was conducted two or three times, the Ge content of the seeds in the first to third harvesting were all over 20~mug/kg . This indicates that a certain level of Ge can be accumulated. In seeds of mungbean containing 96~mug/kg of Ge, cotyledon had 138~mug/kg of Ge, which was 79% more than seed coat per unit weight. The growth and quantity of mungbean was not significantly different according to the formulation of Ge, the concentration and the frequency of foliar application of Ge used for in study.