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담세관주위 Golgi장치의 유형 분류에 관한 전자현미경적 연구
정민화,신영철,Chung, Min-Hwa,Shin, Young-Chul 한국현미경학회 1992 Applied microscopy Vol.22 No.2
In this study, we have made morphological and cytochemical observations to investigate the type of Golgi apparatus around the bile canaliculus. The animal (Wister, $220{\sim}250gm$) were divided into 4 groups; normal, hydrochol, colchicine and hydrochol-colchicine. The Golgi apparatus is classified into 16 different types from 4 different groups. In the normal group, we could observe 12 different types of the sixteen. Type I which showed convexed cisterns facing the bile canaliculi was most abundant of the types. In the hydrochol group, 14 types were observed. Type VII and type I showed convexed cisterns facing the bile canaliculus and were abundant. In the colchicine group, 11 different types were viewed and type XIV which showed intensely dilated cisterns without the polarity was predominant. In the hydrochol-colchicine group, we observed 3 different types. Type XIV clearly showed the highest percentage, although that type was less numerous in this group than in the colchicine group. In the hydrochol group, the Golgi apparatus showed a tendency to increase in numbers, while in the hydrochol-colchicine group the Golgi apparatus showed a tendency to decrease in numbers. The reactive products of thiamine pyrophosphatase and acid phosphatase were apparent over the distal Golgi cistern in the normal and hydrochol groups, but were decreased or not observed in the colchicine and hydrochol-colchicine groups. From the results, it is assumed that with the presence of the microtubule, Golgi cisterns are dilated with polarity after stimulation of secretion. Without the microtubule, the cistern becomes more intensely dilated and none polaric. Also the enzymes within the cisternal membrane become decreaed or absent and the Golgi apparatus decreases in numbers after activation of secretion.
대어휘 연속음성인식을 위한 서브네트워크 기반의 1-패스 세미다이나믹 네트워크 디코딩
정민화,안동훈,Chung Minhwa,Ahn Dong-Hoon 대한음성학회 2004 말소리 Vol.50 No.-
In this paper, we present a one-pass semi-dynamic network decoding framework that inherits both advantages of fast decoding speed from static network decoders and memory efficiency from dynamic network decoders. Our method is based on the novel language model network representation that is essentially of finite state machine (FSM). The static network derived from the language model network [1][2] is partitioned into smaller subnetworks which are static by nature or self-structured. The whole network is dynamically managed so that those subnetworks required for decoding are cached in memory. The network is near-minimized by applying the tail-sharing algorithm. Our decoder is evaluated on the 25k-word Korean broadcast news transcription task. In case of the search network itself, the network is reduced by 73.4% from the tail-sharing algorithm. Compared with the equivalent static network decoder, the semi-dynamic network decoder has increased at most 6% in decoding time while it can be flexibly adapted to the various memory configurations, giving the minimal usage of 37.6% of the complete network size.
한국어 연속음성인식 시스템 구현을 위한 형태소 단위의 발음 변화 모델링
정민화,이경님,Chung Minhwa,Lee Kyong-Nim 대한음성학회 2004 말소리 Vol.49 No.-
In this paper, we describe a cross-morpheme pronunciation variation model which is especially useful for constructing morpheme-based pronunciation lexicon to improve the performance of a Korean LVCSR. There are a lot of pronunciation variations occurring at morpheme boundaries in continuous speech. Since phonemic context together with morphological category and morpheme boundary information affect Korean pronunciation variations, we have distinguished phonological rules that can be applied to phonemes in within-morpheme and cross-morpheme. The results of 33K-morpheme Korean CSR experiments show that an absolute reduction of 1.45% in WER from the baseline performance of 18.42% WER was achieved by modeling proposed pronunciation variations with a possible multiple context-dependent pronunciation lexicon.
초음파 주파수분석법에 의한 발전소 고온배관재료의 크리프손상 평가
정민화(Min-Hwa Chung),이상국(Sang-Guk Lee) 한국해양공학회 1999 韓國海洋工學會誌 Vol.13 No.2
Boiler high-temperature pipelines such as main steam pipe, header and steam drum in fossil power plants are degraded by creep damage due to severe operating conditions like high temperature and high pressure for an extended period time. Such material degradation lead to various component failures causing serious accidents at the plant. Conventional measurement techniques such as replica method, electric resistance method, and hardness test method have such disadvantages as complex preparation and measurement procedures, too many control parameters, and therefore, low practicality and they were applied only to component surfaces with good accessibility.<br/> In this study, both artificial creep degradation test using life prediction formula and frequency analysis by ultrasonic tests for their preparing creep degraded specimens have been carried out for the purpose of nondestructive evaluation for creep damage which can occur in high-temperature pipeline of fossil power plant. As a result of ultrasonic tests for crept specimens, we confirmed that the high frequency side spectra decrease and central frequency components shift to low frequency band, and bandwiths decrease as increasing creep damage in backwall echoes.
N-gram 기반의 유사도를 이용한 대화체 연속 음성 언어 모델링
박영희,정민화,Park Young-Hee,Chung Minhwa 대한음성학회 2003 말소리 Vol.46 No.-
This paper presents our language model adaptation for Korean spontaneous speech recognition. Korean spontaneous speech is observed various characteristics of content and style such as filled pauses, word omission, and contraction as compared with the written text corpus. Our approaches focus on improving the estimation of domain-dependent n-gram models by relevance weighting out-of-domain text data, where style is represented by n-gram based tf/sup */idf similarity. In addition to relevance weighting, we use disfluencies as Predictor to the neighboring words. The best result reduces 9.7% word error rate relatively and shows that n-gram based relevance weighting reflects style difference greatly and disfluencies are good predictor also.
음소변동규칙의 발견빈도에 기반한 음성인식 발음사전 구성
나민수,정민화,Na, Min-Soo,Chung, Min-Hwa 대한음성학회 2007 말소리 Vol.64 No.-
The pronunciation lexicon of a continuous speech recognition system should contain enough pronunciation variations to be used for building a search space large enough to contain a correct path, whereas the size of the pronunciation lexicon needs to be constrained for effective decoding and lower perplexities. This paper describes a procedure for selecting pronunciation variations to be included in the lexicon based on the frequencies of the corresponding phonetic rules observed in the training corpus. Likelihood of a phonetic rule's application is estimated using the observation frequency of the rule and is used to control the construction of a pronunciation lexicon. Experiments with various pronunciation lexica show that the proposed method is helpful to improve the speech recognition performance.
한국어 대어휘 연속음성 인식용 발음사전 자동 생성 및 최적화
이경님,정민화,Lee Kyong-Nim,Chung Minhwa 대한음성학회 2005 말소리 Vol.55 No.-
In this paper, we describe a morpheme-based pronunciation lexicon useful for Korean LVCSR. The phonemic-context-dependent multiple pronunciation lexicon improves the recognition accuracy when cross-morpheme pronunciation variations are distinguished from within-morpheme pronunciation variations. Since adding all possible pronunciation variants to the lexicon increases the lexicon size and confusability between lexical entries, we have developed a lexicon pruning scheme for optimal selection of pronunciation variants to improve the performance of Korean LVCSR. By building a proposed pronunciation lexicon, an absolute reduction of $0.56\%$ in WER from the baseline performance of $27.39\%$ WER is achieved by cross-morpheme pronunciation variations model with a phonemic-context-dependent multiple pronunciation lexicon. On the best performance, an additional reduction of the lexicon size by $5.36\%$ is achieved from the same lexical entries.
장경애,정민화,김재인,구명완,Jang Kyung-Ae,Chung Min-Hwa,Kim Jae-In,Koo Myoung-Wan 대한음성학회 2002 말소리 Vol.44 No.-
This paper describes the reduction of DB without degradation of speech quality in Corpus-based Speech synthesizer of the Korean language. In this paper, it is proposed that the frequency of every unit in reduced DB reflect the frequency of units in the Korean language. So, the target population of every unit is set to be proportional to its frequency in Korean large corpus (780k sentences, 45Mega phones). Secondly, the frequent instances during synthesis should be also maintained in reduced DB. To the last, it is proposed that frequency of every instance be reflected in clustering criteria and used as another important criterion for selection of representative instances. The evaluation result with proposed methods reveals better quality than that using conventional methods.