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정대식(Jeong Dae-sik) 한글학회 2021 한글 Vol.- No.332
이 글은 장형 부정문의 어미 ‘-지’의 범주와 기능에 대하여 연구하였다. ‘-지’는 앞선 연구에서 명사형 어미, 부사형 어미, 보조적 연결어미 등의 범주에 속하는 것으로 생각되어 왔다. 하지만 이 글에서는 ‘-지’가 세 범주 모두에 속하지 않는 것으로 보고, ‘-지’의 특성을 살피며 논의를 전개하였다. 첫째, ‘-지’에 분포하는 격조사를 살펴 ‘-지’가 전성어미가 될 수 없음을 주장했다. 둘째, 장형 부정문이 단문 구조임을 살펴 ‘-지’가 절표지가 아님을 주장하였다. 셋째, ‘-지’의 문법 정보를 살펴 ‘-지’가 부정사(infinitive) 표지임을 제안하였다. 그리하여 ‘-지’는 부정사 표지로서 통사소로 기능하지 못한다고 보고 장형 부정문을 다음과 같이 분석할 것으로 제안하였다. 철수가 [[밥을 [먹지]] 않]는다. ‘먹지’가 하나의 통사소로 간주되는 이유는 ‘먹-’이 부정사임을 온전히 드러내기 위하여 부정사 표지인 ‘-지’와 하나의 언어 형식을 이룬다고 보았기 때문이다. 다만 이러한 분석은 연결어미 체계에 숙제를 남긴다. 그것은 부정사 표지인 ‘-지’ 등을 포괄할 범주가 현재의 체계 안에서 마땅치 않기 때문이다. This study examined the categories and functions of the ending “-ji” in long-form negative sentences. Previous studies have shown that “-ji” is a nominalizer, adverbializer, and auxiliary conjuntive ending. However, this study examined its characteristics and showed that this is not the case. First, this study showed that “-ji” cannot be a transformative ending because its case markers are distributed. Second, long-form negative sentences have simple sentence structures, so “-ji” is not a clause marker. Third, its grammar information shows that it is an infinitive marker. Therefore, given that “-ji” does not function as a syntaxeme or an infinitive sign, long-form negative sentences should be analyzed as follows. 철수가 [[밥을 [먹지]] 않]는다. “Muk-ji” is considered to be a syntaxeme because “muk-” combined with the infinitive marker “-ji” is infinitive. However, this conclusion leaves an ending classification theory problem unresolved because the categories that include the infinitive marker “-ji” are not appropriate within the current system.
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정대식(Dae-Sik Jeong) 사단법인 한국언어학회 2016 언어학 Vol.0 No.76
This paper is a critical review of a discussion of Korean light verb. Light verbs, compared to heavy verbs, are known to be semantically empty or have a blurred meaning. It is also known that the light verbs do not syntactically have argument structures as well as thematic roles. However, this paper illustrates that the typical light verb “hada”, does not have such properties. It is quite not easy to answer when we are asked what kind of meaning a vocabulary has. In fact, there are many cases that similar vocabularies are circularly defined in a dictionary. Although it is not easy to define the meaning of a vocabulary, we can identify it by examining whether if it shows any distinctiveness compared to other vocabularies that are in paradigmatic relation. The light verb “hada” has semantic distinctiveness from other vocabularies which have the same distribution. Korean predicative nouns are different with English predicative nouns. Every English predicative noun is derived from a verb, as it is demonstrated by its noun suffixes. On the other hand, Korean predicative is itself a noun by origin. The argument structures of verb and noun are different, since a verb takes the nominative case or the accusative case as its argument, while a noun takes the genitive case. This paper critically studies previous research which argued that a predicative noun had an argument structure, and claims that the argument structure is, in effect, taken by a compound word. It is illustrated that “hada” used in the construction of “X-hada”, operates as the root of a compound word when it takes verbal conjugation and operates as the root of an affix and an adjective when it takes adjectival conjugation. Furthermore, we observe that “hada” of “X-lɨl hada” is quite similar with English light verb complex predicate. Therefore, we regard “hada” as a light verb and propose a new analysis associated with.
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정대식 ( Jeong Dae-sik ) 문창어문학회 2019 문창어문논집 Vol.56 No.-
This thesis has examined the morphologic·syntactic configuration of the Korean term, ‘ha-da’, using the HPSG(head-driven phrase structure grammar) method, which is the latest theory of lexicalism grammar. The HPSG is an constraint-based grammar and is practiced based on grammatical information for each lexical entry. Lexical entries correspond directly to a word in sentences. The word then has grammatical information that combines grammatical information for stem with grammatical information for inflectional affix, and unlike languages such as English where inflectional forms are limited to a few forms, there are various inflectional forms in the Korean language. In addition, each inflectional affix that forms such inflectional form appears to have a variety of syntactic information. Therefore, ‘morphological unit’ was established as a model suitable for grammatical information technology of the Korean inflectional affix. Prior to looking into the term ‘ha-da’, a survey of lexicalism grammar was carried out, which was applied in two principles: head feature principle(HFP) and subcategorization principle. The HFP is the principle of sharing the head information between the phrase and the head daughter that forms the phrase, while the subcategorization principle is the principle of integrating the argument specified in the subcategorization information of the head with the corresponding argument. In addition, the ‘integrated rule of morphology’ was established to separately explain the integration principle of stems and inflectional affixes in accordance with the linguistic characteristics of the Korean language. The application of the lexicalism grammar was examined, in general, to the Korean term through these principles. Based on this theoretical foundation, the morphological configuration of ‘ha-da’ was examined, and the single word ‘ha-da’ could be categorized into the following four types: the independent verb ‘ha-da’, the independent adjective ‘ha-da’, the dependent verb ‘ha-da’, and the dependent adjective ‘ha-da’. The compound word ‘X-ha-da’ was also categorized into four types, including the independent verb ‘X-ha-da’, the independent adjective ‘X-ha-da’, the dependent verb ‘X-ha-da’, and the dependent adjective ‘X-ha-da’. The syntactic configuration of the phrase formed by ‘ha-da’ as the head was then examined, where the independent verb ‘ha-da’ was used as a transitive verb and a ditransitive verb. However, the transitive verb ‘ha-da’ and the ditransitive verb ‘ha-da’ were different in meaning even though they seemed to have same characteristics in terms of the morphologic·syntactic configuration, so they were divided into a heavy verb ‘ha-da’ and a light verb ’ha-da’. As well, there was a case where the light verb ‘ha-da’ was used with a dative noun, in which case the additional complement was taken to separate them. Moreover, while the independent adjective ‘ha-da’ was a predicate with one complement, it exhibited a characteristic that only allowed the ‘auxiliary particle/semantic marker’ to the complement. The independent verb ‘X-ha-da’ was used as a transitive verb and an intransitive verb, and the complement, in case it was used as a transitive verb, was described as an ‘optional complement’. ‘X-ha-da’, which was used as a dative verb, was separated into the different kind of ‘X-ha-da’ from the above-mentioned ‘X-ha-da’. On the other hand, the independent adjective ‘X-ha-da’ was used only as an intransitive verb. The dependent verb ‘ha-da’ took NP or S as a complement, and it was usually combined with adverbial dependent nouns, such as ‘chuk’(척), when it took NP as a complement. If the subject existed in the phrase where the antecedent term served as a head, S was taken as a complement; however, if the subject did not exist in the phrase where the antecedent term served as a head, VP/AP was taken. The dependent adjective ‘ha-da’ took NP or S as a complement, but in case NP was taken, it was combined with the adverbial dependent nouns, such as ‘did’(듯). Moreover, S is taken as a complement in case the antecedent term was the adjective, such as the phrase ‘ki-nin-ha-da’(기는 하다). Finally, the dependent verb ‘X-ha-da’ took VP as a complement and the dependent adjective ‘X-ha-da’ took AP, typically with negative terms such as ‘an-ta’(않다).
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정대식(Jeong Dae-Sik) 우리말학회 2021 우리말연구 Vol.64 No.-
이 글은 한국어 부정문의 부정동사를 설정하고 그 구성을 살펴보는 연구이다. 한국어의 문장 종류는 동사의 성격에 따라 결정된다. 이에 따라 부정문은 부정동사가 쓰인 문장이다. 기존의 부정동사 구성 연구는 ‘안’, ‘못’의 문법적 지위에 대한 연구로부터 시작하였다. 과거에는 이들을 부정부사, 접두사, Neg의 핵어, 동사부가어 등으로 분석하였고, 그 외에 어휘주의적으로 분석한 경우도 있었다. 이 글에서는 부정문은 부정동사로 실현된다는 생각 아래, 단형 부정문은 ‘모르다’, ‘없다’와 같은 부정동사 및 ‘안’, ‘못’이 핵어 자질 원리를 통해 [-부정]의 자질을 가진 서술어와 통합하여 형성된 부정동사구로 실현된다고 생각한다. 이는 단형 부정문의 동사 구성을 굳이 하나의 언어형식으로 간주하지 않으며 분석하려는 시도이다. 그리고 장형 부정문은 ‘말다’와 같은 부정동사 및 부사 어근 ‘아니’, ‘못’ 등이 동사 어근 ‘하-’와 결합하여 형성된 합성어로 실현된다고 생각한다. 이는 한국어 보조동사 구문이 가지고 있는 특성을 고려하여 분석한 결과이다. This article is a study on the Negative Verb Constructions of Korean Negative Sentence. The type of sentence in Korean depends on the verb. Therefore, a negative sentence is a sentence with a negative verb. The previous study of negative verb constructions began with the study of the grammatical status of ‘an and ‘mot . In the past, they were analyzed Negative adverbs, Prefixes, Neg, V-adverbs, and Lexical Interpretation. In this article, I think a short negative sentences are realized by negative verbs such as ‘morɨ- , ‘ɔp and negative verb phrase that ‘an’, ‘mot’ are combined into a predicate with [-negative] feature through Head Feature Principle. This is an attempt to analyze verb constructions of a short negative sentences without necessarily considering it as a one verb. And I think that long negative sentences are realized by negative verbs such as malda and combining adverbial roots ‘ani and ‘mot with verb root ‘ha- . This is the result of the analysis considering the Properties of the Korean auxiliary verb sentence.
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전웅,정대식,김효준,Chon, Uong,Jeong, Dae-Sik,Kim, Hyo-Joon 한국세라믹학회 1997 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.34 No.6
The effect of calcination temperature of Mg(OH)2 on the green density and densification of MgO was investigated. It was observed that the impure magnesium hydroxide powder showed a higher crystallization rate while it had a lower tendency of agglomeration between periclae crystallites, as compared to that of the pure magnesium hydroxide powder. In the case of calcination of the powders under 85$0^{\circ}C$, the impure powder showed the higher green and sintered density. In spite of higher green density upon the calcination over 100$0^{\circ}C$, the impure powder showed the lower sintered density, caused by exaggerated growth of the periclase crystallites. The highest sintered densities in the both powders were obtained at the calcination temperature of 100$0^{\circ}C$. And the green density was inversely proportional to the sintered density at the calcination over 100$0^{\circ}C$.
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안국찬(Kook-Chan Ahn),정인조(In-Jo Jeong),정대식(Dae-Sik Jung) 한국기계가공학회 2012 한국기계가공학회지 Vol.11 No.4
This research is to analyze the wave propagation characteristics of anisotropic materials subjected to the low-velocity impact. For this purpose, a higher-order finite element program is used to simulate the dynamic behaviors according to the changes of material property, stacking sequence and dimension etc.. Materials for simulation are composed of [0°]10s, [45°/-45°]5s and [90°]10s stacking sequences. Finally, the results of this simulation are compared with those of wave propagation theory and then the impact responses and wave propagation phenomena are investigated.
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