여성들의 다이어트 경험과 자기존중감과의 관련성

나명순,장강연 대한피부미용학회 2007 대한피부미용학회지 Vol.5 No.2

Recently, the increase in the number of people who are becoming obese in the general population arouses great interest in weight management among the public in general. As weight management draws great attention and effort from the general public, this study has attempted to examine dietary methods, ensuing similarities to relations with a sense of self‐respect. At beauty salons, and fomentation houses in Gwangju, a questionnaire was conducted amongst 600 women interested in dietary therapy, 486 of whom were finally selected, excluding unsuitable respondents. The general feature was that as age increased, one got less satisfied with oneself, which caused a sense of defeat or self‐shame. Educational background showed that those with college or higher opportunities felt a high sense of satisfaction on the one hand, and a great sense of defeat on the other. The following are results of analysis by factors related of self‐respect : 1. Many respondents wanted to reduce their weight more, though having normal weight. 2. Many respondents felt an increasing sense of self‐shame due to being overweight. 3. Sleeping over 8 hours a day, many respondents felt a greater sense of discontent, self‐shame or defeat. 4. The sense of defeat or self‐respect was found more in the respondents with 3 million won or more than those with less than 3 million won in monthly revenue. 5. Many respondents were satisfied with the simple fact that they were always on a diet. 6. Self‐shame was felt among many of respondents who experienced the “yo‐yo” effect within a month. 7. Many respondents were not satisfied with themselves when dieting. 8. Many respondents wanted to become thinner in all areas of their bodies. 9. Much self‐shame was felt by respondents who hardly lived up to dietary rules. Increasingly, the social symptom is deepening that women with diet‐related problems are most exposed to psychological and behavioral stress, while they feel satisfied with themselves in that they are always on a diet. Now, it is necessary to intervene in their problems, proposing the diet specific to each of them so that they can escape from psychological stress, and to make a more detailed study of this problem.

여성들의 다이어트 경험과 스트레스와의 관련성

나명순,장강연,김미혜 한국피부과학연구원 2008 대한피부미용학회지 Vol.6 No.2

Recently, the increase in the number of people who are becoming obese in the general population arouses great interest in weight management among the public in general. As weight management draws great attention and effort from the general public, this study has attempted to examine dietary methods, ensuing similarities to stress and relations with a sense of self respect. At beauty salons, and fomentation houses in Gwangju, a questionnaire was conducted amongst 600 women interested in dietary therapy, 486 of whom were finally selected, excluding unsuitable respondents. The general feature was that as age increased, one got less satisfied with oneself, which caused a sense of defeat or self‐shame. Educational background showed that those with college or higher opportunities felt a high sense of satisfaction on the one hand, and a great sense of defeat on the other. The following are results of analysis by factors related to stress : 1. Many respondents wanted to reduce their weight more, though having normal weight. 2. A majority of respondents experienced participating in a diet, which was due to appearance, and many respondents felt physical or mental stress by obesity. 3. By far more respondents hardly drank and smoked than those who did in consideration of various aspects, including psychology and stress. 4. For a meal, eating all thee meals was found to alleviate physical, psychological, and behavioral symptoms, suggesting that irregular lifestyle is associated with stress. 5. For self-condition, as the subjects felt unhealthy, physical, psychological, and behavioral symptoms increased compared with those feeling healthy. 6. For the correlation between intake of instant food and sweets and stress, 'Very often' and 'Never' showed higher stress value. 7. For the correlation with shame, all groups showing physical, psychological, and behavioral symptoms were the highest in responding 'Always'. It may be a good example which suggests the close correlation between stress and shame. Increasingly, the social symptom is deepening that women with diet related problems are most exposed to psychological and behavioral stress, while they feel satisfied with themselves in that they are always on a diet. Now, it is necessary to intervene in their problems, proposing the diet specific to each of them so that they can escape from psychological stress, and to make a more detailed study of this problem. Recently, the increase in the number of people who are becoming obese in the general population arouses great interest in weight management among the public in general. As weight management draws great attention and effort from the general public, this study has attempted to examine dietary methods, ensuing similarities to stress and relations with a sense of self respect. At beauty salons, and fomentation houses in Gwangju, a questionnaire was conducted amongst 600 women interested in dietary therapy, 486 of whom were finally selected, excluding unsuitable respondents. The general feature was that as age increased, one got less satisfied with oneself, which caused a sense of defeat or self‐shame. Educational background showed that those with college or higher opportunities felt a high sense of satisfaction on the one hand, and a great sense of defeat on the other. The following are results of analysis by factors related to stress : 1. Many respondents wanted to reduce their weight more, though having normal weight. 2. A majority of respondents experienced participating in a diet, which was due to appearance, and many respondents felt physical or mental stress by obesity. 3. By far more respondents hardly drank and smoked than those who did in consideration of various aspects, including psychology and stress. 4. For a meal, eating all thee meals was found to alleviate physical, psychological, and behavioral symptoms, suggesting that irregular lifestyle is associated with stress. 5. For self-condition, as the subjects felt unhealthy, physical, psychological, and behavioral symptoms increased compared with those feeling healthy. 6. For the correlation between intake of instant food and sweets and stress, 'Very often' and 'Never' showed higher stress value. 7. For the correlation with shame, all groups showing physical, psychological, and behavioral symptoms were the highest in responding 'Always'. It may be a good example which suggests the close correlation between stress and shame. Increasingly, the social symptom is deepening that women with diet related problems are most exposed to psychological and behavioral stress, while they feel satisfied with themselves in that they are always on a diet. Now, it is necessary to intervene in their problems, proposing the diet specific to each of them so that they can escape from psychological stress, and to make a more detailed study of this problem.

남부지방에서 벼 재배형태별 분얼체계 및 수량구성형질의 차이에 관한 연구 II. 출수기와 수량구성형질의 변화

김용재,신해룡,장강연 한국작물학회 1992 Korean journal of crop science Vol.37 No.6

이앙기를 달리 하였을때 어린모와 25일묘, 손이앙묘의 출수반응, 수량 및 쌀의 품위차를 알아보고자 금오벼와 팔공벼, 동진벼를 공시하여 4월 20일부터 7월 20일까지 15일 간격으로 7회 이앙하여 시험한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 광주지방에서 안전출수한계기(8월 27일)로 본 안전이앙한계기는 조생종인 금오벼는 어린모 : 6월 26일, 25일묘 : 7월 1일, 손이앙묘 : 7월 11일이었으며, 중생종인 팔공벼는 어린모 : 6월 21일, 25일묘 : 6월 30일, 손이앙묘 : 7월 10일이었고, 중만생종인 동진벼는 어린모 : 6월 10일, 25일묘 6월 24일, 손이앙묘 : 7월 5일이었다. 2. 육묘방법별 수량은 이앙기에 따라 일정한 경향을 보이지 않았으나 금오벼는 어린모>25일묘>손이앙묘의 순이었으며 팔공벼는 25일묘(equation omitted)어린모(equation omitted)손이앙묘의 순이었고, 동진벼는 손이앙묘(equation omitted)25일묘(equation omitted)어린모의 순으로 증수되었다. 3. 수량생산기(출수전 10일부터 출수후 30일까지)에 있어서 적산온도를 보면 금오벼는 어린모에서 최대수량을 올린 6월 5일~6월 20일 이앙에서 1,003$^{\circ}C$였고, 25일묘에서는 6월 5일~6월 20일 이앙에서 1,014$^{\circ}C$, 손이앙기는 5월 20일~6월 5일 이앙에서 1,027$^{\circ}C$이었으며, 팔공벼에서는 어린모 : 1,018$^{\circ}C$, 25일묘 : 1,015$^{\circ}C$, 손이앙묘 : 1,086$^{\circ}C$ 이었고, 동진벼에서는 어린모 : 998$^{\circ}C$, 25일묘 : 984$^{\circ}C$, 손이앙묘 : 949$^{\circ}C$에서 최대수량을 보였다. 4. 육묘방법에 따른 이앙시기별 쌀의 품위는 금오벼는 어린모에서 조기이앙에 따라 동할미가 많았고 청미가 적었으며 7월 5일 이후의 이앙에서는 청미가 현저하게 많아지면서 동할미도 증가하였다. 팔공벼와 동진벼는 이앙시기간에 차리가 인정되지 않았고 다만 극만식인 7월 5일 이후의 이앙에서만 청미 비율이 높았다. To study the effects of different nursing methods and transplanting on the growth of rice plant (Oriza sativa L.) in southern region of Korea, Kumo-byeo, Palgong-byeo and Dongjinbyeo were transplanted from April 20 to July 20 at an interval of 15 days with 8 days old seedling (infant seedling) and 25 days old box-seedling for machine transplanting, and 45 days old conventional seedling. Threshold transplanting date in southern region of Korea were June 26 for 8 days old seedling, July 1 for 25 days old seedling and] July 11 for 45 days old seedling for Kumo-byeo, and June 21, June 30, July 10 for Palgong-byeo, June 10, June 24, July 5 for Dongjin-byeo, respectively. Yield has no uniform tendency according to the transplanting date. However, yield were greater in the order of 8 days old seedling >25 days old seedling> 45 days old seedling in Kuma-byeo and 25 days old seedling (equation omitted)8 days old seedling (equation omitted)45 days old seedling in Palgong-byeo, 45 days old seedling(equation omitted)25 days old seedling(equation omitted) 8 days old seedling in Dongjin-byeo. The optimum accumulated air temperature during yield productive stage around heading (40 days from 10 days before heading to 30 days after heading) for high yield were 1,003$^{\circ}C$ for 8 days old seedling, 1,014$^{\circ}C$ for 25 days old seedling and 1,027$^{\circ}C$ for 45 days old seedling in Kumo-byeo. And they were 1,018$^{\circ}C$, 1,015$^{\circ}C$, 1,086$^{\circ}C$ in Palgong-byeo and 998$^{\circ}C$, 984$^{\circ}C$, 949$^{\circ}C$ in Dongjin-byeo, respectively. Earlier transplanting with 8 days old seedling showed higher ratio of broken rice and green kerneled rice in Kuma-byeo, and late transplanting after July 5 showed significant high rate of green kerneled rice. Palgong-byeo and Dongjin-byeo also showed high rate of green kerneled rice at transplanting after July 5.

남부지방에서 벼 재배형태별 분얼체계 및 수량구성형질의 차이에 관한 연구 I. 묘종류와 육묘시기에 따른 묘소질 및 본답 생육의 변화

김용재,신해룡,장강연,Kim, Yong-Jae,Shin-Hae-Ryong,Chang, Gang-Yeon 한국작물학회 1992 한국작물학회지 Vol.37 No.3

To study the effects of different nursing methods and transplanting on the growth of the rice plant(Oriza sativa L.hn southern region of Korea, Kumo-byeo, Palgong-byeo and Dong-jinbyeo were transplanted from April 20 to July 20 with 15 days intervals as 8 days seedling (infant rice), 25 days box seedling for machine transplanting and 45 days conventional seedling, respectively. No. of leaves at transplanting were in order of 45 days seedling>25 days seedling>8 days seedling. In 25 days seedling, they were increased as transplanting dates were later from April 20 to June 5, and in 45 days seedling, it showed same tendency until June 5 with Dongjinbyeo, June 20 with Palgong-byeo and Kumo-byeo. Root activity according to the $\alpha$-naphthylamine oxidation activity and rooting activity were higher in order of 8 days seedling>25 days seedling>45days seedling. Panicle formation initiated after maximum tillering stage as transplanting at April 20 with 8 days seedling and 25 days seedling, but it intiated before maximum tillering stage as transplanting at July 20 in Kumo-byeo. and in Palgong-byeo intiations of panicle formation were shown after maximum tillering stage as transplanting until May 20, but June 5 in Dongjin-byeo. However, there was no significant tendency with 45 days seedling. Missing hill ratio were less than 5% as transplanting with 8 days seedling and 25 days seedlingregardless of transplanting periods or varieties.

남부지방에서 벼 재배형태별 분얼체계 및 수량구성형질의 차이에 관한 연구 1 : 묘종류와 육묘시기에 따른 묘소질 및 본답 생육의 변화

金容在,申海龍,張江連 한국작물학회 1992 Korean journal of crop science Vol.37 No.3

이앙기를 달리 하였을 때 어린모와 기계이앙 25일묘, 손이앙 성묘의 묘소질과 본답 생육 차이을 구명하고자 금오벼와 팔공벼 및 동진벼를 공시하여 4월 20일부터 7월 20일까지 15일 간격으로 7회 처리한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 이앙기별 육묘방법에 따른 묘의 엽수 변화는 손이앙묘>25일묘>어린모 순으로 많았고, 이앙기별로 보면 어린모는 이앙기에 따른 차이가 없었으나, 25일묘는 4월 20일 이앙부터 6월 5일 이앙까지 증가 경향이었으며 그 이후는 근소한 차이를 보였고, 손이앙묘에서 동진벼는 6월 5일까지, 팔공벼와 금오벼는 6월 20일 이앙까지 엽수가 증가하는 경향이었다. 2. α -naphthylamine산화력에 의한 근활력과 신근발생량은 어린모>25일묘>손이앙묘 순으로 높았다. 3. 최고분얼기와 유수형성기의 관계는 어린모와 25일묘에서 금오벼는 4월 20일 이앙시 최고분얼기후에 유수가 형성되었으나, 5월 20일부터 7월 5일 이앙까지는 최고분얼기와 같은 시기에, 7월 20일 이앙에서는 최고분얼기 전에 유수가 형성되었다. 한편, 팔공벼는 5월 20일 이앙까지, 동진벼는 7월 5일 이앙까지 최고분얼기 후에 유수가 형성되었다. 4. 어린모와 25일묘의 이앙후 결주율은 이앙기 및 품종에 관계없이 5% 이내로 나타났다. To study the effects of different nursing methods and transplanting on the growth of the rice plant(Oriza sativa L.hn southern region of Korea, Kumo-byeo, Palgong-byeo and Dong-jinbyeo were transplanted from April 20 to July 20 with 15 days intervals as 8 days seedling (infant rice), 25 days box seedling for machine transplanting and 45 days conventional seedling, respectively. No. of leaves at transplanting were in order of 45 days seedling>25 days seedling>8 days seedling. In 25 days seedling, they were increased as transplanting dates were later from April 20 to June 5, and in 45 days seedling, it showed same tendency until June 5 with Dongjinbyeo, June 20 with Palgong-byeo and Kumo-byeo. Root activity according to the α -naphthylamine oxidation activity and rooting activity were higher in order of 8 days seedling>25 days seedling>45days seedling. Panicle formation initiated after maximum tillering stage as transplanting at April 20 with 8 days seedling and 25 days seedling, but it intiated before maximum tillering stage as transplanting at July 20 in Kumo-byeo. and in Palgong-byeo intiations of panicle formation were shown after maximum tillering stage as transplanting until May 20, but June 5 in Dongjin-byeo. However, there was no significant tendency with 45 days seedling. Missing hill ratio were less than 5% as transplanting with 8 days seedling and 25 days seedlingregardless of transplanting periods or varieties.

남부지방에서 벼 재배형태별 분얼체계 및 수량구성형질의 차이에 관한 연구 2. 출수기와 수량구성형질의 변화

金容在,申海龍,張江連 韓國作物學會 1992 Korean journal of crop science Vol.37 No.6

이앙기를 달리 하였을때 어린모와 25일묘, 손이앙묘의 출수반응, 수량 및 쌀의 품위차를 알아보고자 금오벼와 팔공벼, 동진벼를 공시하여 4월 20일부터 7월 20일까지 15일 간격으로 7회 이앙하여 시험한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 광주지방에서 안전출수한계기(8월 27일)로 본 안전이앙한계기는 조생종인 금오벼는 어린모 : 6월 26일, 25일묘 : 7월 1일, 손이앙묘 : 7월 11일이었으며, 중생종인 팔공벼는 어린모 : 6월 21일, 25일묘 : 6월 30일, 손이앙묘 : 7월 10일이었고, 중만생종인 동진벼는 어린모 : 6월 10일, 25일묘 6월 24일, 손이앙묘 : 7월 5일이었다. 2. 육묘방법별 수량은 이앙기에 따라 일정한 경향을 보이지 않았으나 금오벼는 어린모>25일묘>손이앙묘의 순이었으며 팔공벼는 25일묘(equation omitted)어린모(equation omitted)손이앙묘의 순이었고, 동진벼는 손이앙묘(equation omitted)25일묘(equation omitted)어린모의 순으로 증수되었다. 3. 수량생산기(출수전 10일부터 출수후 30일까지)에 있어서 적산온도를 보면 금오벼는 어린모에서 최대수량을 올린 6월 5일~6월 20일 이앙에서 1,003℃ 였고, 25일묘에서는 6월 5일~6월 20일 이앙에서 1,014℃ , 손이앙기는 5월 20일~6월 5일 이앙에서 1,027℃ 이었으며, 팔공벼에서는 어린모 : 1,018℃ , 25일묘 : 1,015℃ , 손이앙묘 : 1,086℃ 이었고, 동진벼에서는 어린모 : 998℃ , 25일묘 : 984℃ , 손이앙묘 : 949℃ 에서 최대수량을 보였다. 4. 육묘방법에 따른 이앙시기별 쌀의 품위는 금오벼는 어린모에서 조기이앙에 따라 동할미가 많았고 청미가 적었으며 7월 5일 이후의 이앙에서는 청미가 현저하게 많아지면서 동할미도 증가하였다. 팔공벼와 동진벼는 이앙시기간에 차리가 인정되지 않았고 다만 극만식인 7월 5일 이후의 이앙에서만 청미 비율이 높았다. To study the effects of different nursing methods and transplanting on the growth of rice plant (Oriza sativa L.) in southern region of Korea, Kumo-byeo, Palgong-byeo and Dongjinbyeo were transplanted from April 20 to July 20 at an interval of 15 days with 8 days old seedling (infant seedling) and 25 days old box-seedling for machine transplanting, and 45 days old conventional seedling. Threshold transplanting date in southern region of Korea were June 26 for 8 days old seedling, July 1 for 25 days old seedling and] July 11 for 45 days old seedling for Kumo-byeo, and June 21, June 30, July 10 for Palgong-byeo, June 10, June 24, July 5 for Dongjin-byeo, respectively. Yield has no uniform tendency according to the transplanting date. However, yield were greater in the order of 8 days old seedling >25 days old seedling> 45 days old seedling in Kuma-byeo and 25 days old seedling (equation omitted)8 days old seedling (equation omitted)45 days old seedling in Palgong-byeo, 45 days old seedling(equation omitted)25 days old seedling(equation omitted) 8 days old seedling in Dongjin-byeo. The optimum accumulated air temperature during yield productive stage around heading (40 days from 10 days before heading to 30 days after heading) for high yield were 1,003~circC for 8 days old seedling, 1,014~circC for 25 days old seedling and 1,027~circC for 45 days old seedling in Kumo-byeo. And they were 1,018~circC , 1,015~circC , 1,086~circC in Palgong-byeo and 998~circC , 984~circC , 949~circC in Dongjin-byeo, respectively. Earlier transplanting with 8 days old seedling showed higher ratio of broken rice and green kerneled rice in Kuma-byeo, and late transplanting after July 5 showed significant high rate of green kerneled rice. Palgong-byeo and Dongjin-byeo also showed high rate of green kerneled rice at transplanting after July 5.