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- 저자 : 임연택 ( Yeon Taek Rim ) (검색결과 28 건)
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임연택,서정범,유재근 ( Yeon Taek Rim,Jeong Beom Seo,Jae Keun Ryu ) 한국물환경학회 1998 한국물환경학회지 Vol.14 No.1
Treatability and pressure difference in ultrafiltration was investigated in sequential anaerobic/aerobic activated sludge wastewater treatment system. Ultrafiltration had advantages for sludge separation than secondary sludge settling tank in biological wastewater treatment system. Clean and steady water quality in effluent was achieved but the flux was decreased with the lapse of time. Accordingly, the influence of control parameters of backwashing intervals and various loading rate to treatment efficiency and pressure difference to sustain steady flux were studied for the combination process of activated sludge and ultrafiltration membrane. The effluent BOD concentration showed less than 2㎎/l and T-N resulted in 11.5∼21.2㎎/l in this system. When organic loading rate was 0.5㎏BOD/㎥·d with less than 0.04㎏/c㎡ pressure difference the system could be controlled to sustain 0.2㎥/㎡·d flux. Specifically, hydrophilic membrane showed less than 0.02㎏/c㎡ pressure difference. Flux of 0.2㎥/㎡·d required 0.04㎏/c㎡ pressure difference but higher pressure difference was required to raise flux. Outside pressure infiltration and suction infiltration were compared. 0.25∼0.35㎏/c㎡ pressure difference was required to earn 0.2㎥/㎡·d of flux for outside pressure infiltration but only 0.04㎏/c㎡ pressure difference was required for the same flux of in the case of suction infiltration. In conclusion, there were no difference in effluent water quality between filtration by hydrophobic membrane and hydrophilic membrane but lower pressure difference was required by hydrophilic membrane to earn steady flux rate. When flux and organic loading rate in the reactor was raised, the required pressure difference was dramatically increased. In the case of longer backwashing intervals pressure difference tends to build up.
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임연택(Yeon Taek Rim),서정범(Jeong Beom Seo),김용석(Yong Seok Kim),권오상(Oh Sang Kwon),한기봉(Gee Bong Han),유재근(Jae Keun Ryu) 한국물환경학회 1998 한국물환경학회지 Vol.14 No.4
This study was focused on survey of sewage characteristics and investigation of operational efficiencies in terms of BOD, SS, TN and TP for treatment facility built on on-site apartment building. The oxidation ditch process of 40㎥/day capacity was applied for sewage treatment system. The results of the research showed that earth household had 3.2 dwellers with a sewage flow rate of 242Lpcd in average. The sewage flow rate was particulary low on Saturday and Sunday. The average sewage concentration of BOD, SS, TN and TP were 145㎎/L, 101㎎/L, 33.3㎎/L and 2.8㎎/L, respectively. BOD removal was observed to be 91.7% on average while SS removal to be 77.0% on average. Denitrification/nitrification were accomplished during intermittently aerated processes and removal rate of nitrogen was 50.0% in terms of total nitrogen. Removal efficiency of phosphorus was 47.7% in terms of total phosphorus. The average effluent concentration of BOD, SS, TN and TP were 12.0㎎/L, 19.5㎎/L, 17.0㎎/L and 1.5㎎/L, respectively. Observed microbial yield coefficient was 0.16gMLSS/gBOD. This experiment may prove that intermittently aerated oxidation ditch process can be employed to treat organic matter as well as nutrients in sewage that are generated from such sources as apartment building and community area.
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서정범(Jeong Beom Seo),임연택(Yeon Taek Rim),권오상(Oh Sang Kwon),한기봉(Gee Bong Han),유재근(Jae Keun Ryu) 한국물환경학회 2000 한국물환경학회지 Vol.16 No.2
This study was focused on investigation of operational efficiencies in terms of BOD, SS, TN and TP for treatment facility built on-site apartment building. The sequencing batch reactor (SBR) activated sludge process of 40㎥/day capacity was applied for sewage treatment system. The results of the research showed that the sewage flow rate and BOD concentration was particulary high at about 8:00 p.m. and 10:00 a.m., respectively. The average sewage concentration of BOD. SS, TN and TP were 145.4㎎/L, 101.l㎎/L, 33.3㎎/L and 2.8㎎/L, respectively. In operational steady state, BOD removal was observed to be 94.9% on average while SS removal to be 88.2% on average. Denitrification/nitrification were accomplished during SBR processes and average removal rate of nitrogen was 71.8% in terms of total nitrogen. Nitrogen removal was not affected by the winter season. Removal efficiency of phosphorus was 76.9% in terms of total phosphorus. The average effluent concentration of BOD, SS, TN and TP were 8.3㎎/L, 11.4㎎/L, 9.0㎎/L and 0.6㎎/L, respectively. Observed microbial yield coefficient was 0.29gMLSS/gBOD. This experiment may prove that the SBR process can be employed to treat organic matter as well as nutrients in sewage that are generated from such sources as apartment building and community area.
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크립토스포리디움 활성 및 감염성 판정을 위한 direct RT-PCR, cell culture RT-PCR 및 cell culture IFA의 비교
박상정,유재란,김종민,임연택,진익렬,정현미,Park, Sang-Jung,Yu, Jae-Ran,Kim, Jong-Min,Rim, Yeon-Taek,Jin, Ing-Nyol,Chung, Hyen-Mi 한국생명과학회 2006 생명과학회지 Vol.16 No.5
크립토스포리디움의 활성 및 감염성 판정을 위해 Direct RT-PCR, 세포배양 후 RT-PCR 및 면역형광염색법을 비교한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1) 크립토스포리디움의 HSP70 gene에 대해 direct RT-PCR한 결과, 민감도가 매우 높아 저농도로 존재하는 환경시료에서의 크립토스포리디움 활성을 모니터링하는데 장점이 있을 것으로 보이나, 감염성의 판정은 알 수 없으며, 정량화가 안되는 단점이 있었다. 2) ${\beta}-tubulin$ gene에 대해 RT-nested PCR을 한 결과 크립 토스포리디움의 난포낭이 $1{\times}10^4$ 세포수정도 되어야 검출이 되는 것으로 나타나 HSP70 gene에 대한 RT-PCR결과와 비교할 때 10,000배 이상 민감도가 떨어지는 것으로 나타났다. 3) 세포배양 후 RT-PCR 또는 면역형광염색법을 이용할 경우에는 민감도가 direct RT-PCR보다 다소 떨어지는 단점이 있었으나 크립토스포리디움의 오염원이나 오염이 심한 지역의 감염성 조사에 적합할 것으로 나타났으나, 정량화가 필요한 경우에는 세포배양 후 면역형광염색법이 효과적일 것으로 나타났다. Cryptosporidium is a waterborne pathogenic parasite which causes diarrhea. Immunomagnetic separation-immunofluorescent assay (IMS-IFA) has been a widely adopted for Cryptosporidium detection as standard method. However, this method does not provide information about viability or infectivity of Cryptosporidium. Therefore, many researchers have studied viability or infectivity analyses of Cryptosporidium with various methods such as vital staining, in vitro excystation, RT-PCR, cell culture, and mouse infection assay. In this study, two direct RT-PCR methods, cell culture RT-PCR and cell culture IFA were compared for sensitivity and other characteristics. The results showed that direct RT-PCR method with HSP70 genes had the highest sensitivity with detection up to 1 viable cell of Cryptosporidium. The infectious Cryptosporidium were detected up to 10 to 25 cells by cell culture methods in combination with RT-PCR and IFA. The infectious Cryptosporidium were apt to be quantified by cell culture IFA.
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박상정,조민,윤제용,전용성,임연택,진익렬,정현미,Park Sang-Jung,Cho Min,Yoon Je-Yong,Jun Yong-Sung,Rim Yeon-Taek,Jin Ing-Nyol,Chung Hyen-Mi Korean Society of Life Science 2006 생명과학회지 Vol.16 No.3
크립토스포리디움은 염소내성이 매우 강해 일반적인 표준정수처리공정의 소독으로는 제거가 불가능하다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 오존 및 UV를 이용한 단위소독공정에서 DAPI/PI 및 in vitro excystation을 이용하여 크립토스포리디움 불활성화를 평가하였으며, 또한 오존을 이용한 고도산화처리 파일럿에서는 세포배양법을 이용하여 크립토스포리디움 불활성화를 평가하였다. 오존 소독연구는 50 mL 용량의 piston type batch reactor에서 용존오존을 자동적으로 측정해주는 flow injection analysis (FIA) 시스템을 이용하여 실험한 결과, 1 log 제거에 필요한 CT값은 $25^{\circ}C$에서 DAPI/PI 및 in vitro excystation에 의해 각각 약 1.8, 2.2 $mg/L{\cdot}min$으로 나타났으며, 2 log 제거에 필요한 CT값은 각각 약 3.2, 3.8 $mg/L{\cdot}min$으로 나타났다. 또한 $5^{\circ}C$에서 크립토스포리디움 1 log 제거에 필요한 CT값은 DAPI/PI 방법에 의해 약 9.1 $mg/L{\cdot}min$으로 나타났으며, 2 log제거에 필요한 CT값은 14.8 $mg/L{\cdot}min$로 나타나, 같은 소독효과를 나타내기 위해서 저온에서는 상온에서보다 요존 요구량이 약 $4{\sim}5$배 정도 증가하여야 함을 확인하였다. 40 L규모의 오존 반응조를 이용한 파일럿 실험에서는 정수처리공정상 모래여과를 거친 물에 살아있는 크립토스포리디움을 접종한 것을 시료로 하여 연속적으로 흐르게 한 다음, 오존량을 변화시키고 체류시간은 5분으로 고정하여 불활성화를 평가하였다. 실험결과, 8 $mg/L{\cdot}min$의 CT값에서 DAPI/PI 및 excystation과 같은 생사판별법을 이용하였을 경우에는 약 0.2 log정도의 불활성화를 나타내었으며, 세포감염시험법을 이용하였을 경우에는 약 1.2 log정도의 불활성화를 나타냈다. 오존에 의한 크립토스포리디움의 소독능 평가에 단위공정 및 파일럿 실험 모두 2가지 생사판별법(DAPI/PI와 excystation) 사이에는 큰 차이를 나타내지 않았으나, 생사판별법과 세포감염시험법 사이에는 현저한 차이를 나타내었는데, 이는 세포감염시험법으로 측정하는 sporozoite 및 merozoite로의 분화과정이 생사판별법이 근거한 세포벽의 구조와 기능 유지 보다 더 오존 소독에 더 민감함을 알 수 있었다. 파일럿 실험에서의 CT값이 piston batch reactor에서의 CT값 보다 낮게 나타난 것은 파일럿 실험에서 수작업으로 인한 용존 오존 측정이 정밀하지 못하여 IOD가 농도에 반영되지 않았고, 반응조 규모(50 mL vs 40 L) 및 형태(회분식 vs 연속식)의 차이에 기인하는 것으로 여겨진다. 한편, UV를 이용한 단위공정에서는 크립토스포리디움 1, 2 log 제거에 필요한 IT값은 $25^{\circ}C$에서 각각 DAPI/PI 방법에 의해 약 25, 50 $mWs/cm^2$로 나타났으며, $5^{\circ}C$에서의 크립토스포리디움 1, 2 log제거에 필요한 IT값은 약 40, 80 $mWs/cm^2$로 나타났다. 온도 $20^{\circ}C$ 감소 시 약 60% 정도의 IT값이 더 필요한데, 이것은 저온에서는 약한 자외선을 발산하는 저압저출력 UV 램프의 특성 때문인 것으로 사료되었다. In the ozone disinfection unit process of a piston type batch reactor with continuous ozone analysis using a flow injection analysis (FIA) system, the CT values for 1 log inactivation of Cryptosporidium parvum by viability assays of DAPI/PI and excystation were $1.8{\sim}2.2\;mg/L{\cdot}min$ at $25^{\circ}C$ and $9.1mg/L{\cdot}min$ at $5^{\circ}C$, respectively. At the low temperature, ozone requirement rises $4{\sim}5$ times higher in order to achieve the same level of disinfection at room temperature. In a 40 L scale pilot plant with continuous flow and constant 5 minutes retention time, disinfection effects were evaluated using excystation, DAPI/PI, and cell infection method at the same time. About 0.2 log inactivation of Cryptosporidium by DAPI/PI and excystation assay, and 1.2 log inactivation by cell infectivity assay were estimated, respectively, at the CT value of about $8mg/L{\cdot}min$. The difference between DAPI/PI and excystation assay was not significant in evaluating CT values of Cryptosporidium by ozone in both experiment of the piston and the pilot reactors. However, there was significant difference between viability assay based on the intact cell wall structure and function and infectivity assay based on the developing oocysts to sporozoites and merozoites in the pilot study. The stage of development should be more sensitive to ozone oxidation than cell wall intactness of oocysts. The difference of CT values estimated by viability assay between two studies may partly come from underestimation of the residual ozone concentration due to the manual monitoring in the pilot study, or the difference of the reactor scale (50 mL vs 40 L) and types (batch vs continuous). Adequate If value to disinfect 1 and 2 log scale of Cryptosporidium in UV irradiation process was 25 $mWs/cm^2$ and 50 $mWs/cm^2$, respectively, at $25^{\circ}C$ by DAPI/PI. At $5^{\circ}C$, 40 $mWs/cm^2$ was required for disinfecting 1 log Cryptosporidium, and 80 $mWs/cm^2$ for disinfecting 2 log Cryptosporidium. It was thought that about 60% increase of If value requirement to compensate for the $20^{\circ}C$ decrease in temperature was due to the low voltage low output lamp letting weaker UV rays occur at lower temperatures.
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