화공안전분야 : 둔각 물체를 이용한 엔진 나셀 화재 소화 특성

이정란 ( Jung Ran Lee ),이의주 ( Eui Ju Lee ) 한국안전학회(구-한국산업안전학회) 2012 한국안전학회지 Vol.27 No.1

The purpose of the study is to assess the extinguishing concentration of inert gases in engine nacelle fire. The experiment was performed with a two dimensional rectangular bluff body stabilized flames, where the fuel was ejected to counter flow and co-flow against an oxidizer stream. Two inert gases, CO2 and N2, were used for extinguishing agent in the oxidizer and methane was used for fuel. The main experimental parameters were the direction of injecting fuel, the kinds of agent and the velocity ratio between air and fuel streams, which controlled the mixing characteristic near bluff body and the strength of recirculation zone in the downstream. The result shows the flame structure and the mode were strongly dependent with fuel/air ratio and the fuel jet direction. For both flow configurations, the extinguishing concentration of CO2 was smaller than the N2 because of the large heat capacity of CO2. However, the concentration of inert gasesat blowout was much smaller than those in the cup burner and coflow jet diffusion flames, which implies that the extinction mechanism of bluff body stabilized flames was mainly due to the aerodynamic aspect. Compared to co-flow fuel injection, the extinguishing concentration of inert gases under counter flow configuration was lower. The effect of direction might result from the mixing characteristic and strength of recirculation zonearound a bluff body. More details should be investigated for the characteristic of recirculation zone in the wake of bluff body using the LES(Large Eddy Simulation)

시정(侍丁)의 지급과 급가(給暇)로 본 고려시대 양로정책

이정란 ( Lee Jung-ran ) 한국중세사학회 2021 한국중세사연구 Vol.- No.65

The Goryeo Dynasty which placed the foremost value upon caregiving for the elderly under the ideal of ruling the world with filial piety established an all-encompassing system to support the elderly and the sick through the provision of caregivers. In addition, they managed to include all the elderly from nobles to ordinary citizens in this system. That is well seen in the way of providing caregivers. The Goryeo Dynasty which had only provided caregivers for over 80-year-old people expanded its scope of support up to the elderly in their 60s at the end of the dynasty. The contents of benefits were, of course, decided by their social status. Requisition of labor only was exempted from the state for general public but various benefits were offered for bureaucrats. In other words, the Goryeo Dynasty gave careful consideration for public officials not to be disadvantaged by the issue of providing care for the elderly. That is, a leave of absence of 200 days was firstly given to take care of the elderly without worrying about deprivation of official post. They were still paid half of their salary not to suffer much economic troubles as though they were forced to quit their post when exceeding the time limit. On the other hand, the system of taking care of the elderly in Goryeo Dynasty had a strong ideology enough to suspend even some period of military service that was the foundation of the state. The execution of punishment was deferred for a while in presence of the ideology of caregiving the elderly. Nevertheless, consideration for exempt from military service was dealt with passively. It was not until March of the 35^th year of the King Munjong when butcher class came to reap the benefit of the exemption from military that it was reluctantly allowed only for the only son.

고려 · 조선전기 王室府의 재정기구적 면모와 운영방식의 변화

이정란(Lee Jung-ran) 고려사학회 2010 한국사학보 Vol.- No.40

고려 중기 官服에 투영된 차등적 위계구조와 賜服의 정치적 의미

이정란(Lee, Jung-Ran) 고려사학회 2022 한국사학보 Vol.- No.89

본 논문은 고려 중기에 설계된 공복제가 ‘구별짓기’의 단초를 제공하며 궁극적으로는 신료들의 자발적 복종을 유발하는 수단으로 운영되었음을 밝히려는 목적에서 서술되었다. 고려 왕조는 관료사회의 상하 위계구조를 가시화하는 수단으로 공복제를 적극활용하였다. 官階만으로 관료세계에서의 위계를 적확하게 반영할 수 없던 고려에서는 녹봉·전시의 액은 물론 의례상에서의 위차를 관직별로 세밀하게 반영한 班次를 고안했다. 나아가 이러한 班次가 복장에 가능한 한 구현되도록 공복상정식을 세밀하게 설계함으로써, 관료사회의 엄격한 차등구조가 가시화될 수 있도록 했다. 이처럼 세밀하게 설계된 차등적인 공복체제는 특유의 가시적 속성으로 인해 내면적 복종을 유발한다. 그런데 이러한 내면적 복종을 더욱 유발한 것이 임금의 賜服이었다. 사실 차등적인 공복체제가 엄격하게 작동되는 사회일수록 임금의 사복권은 신민들의 내면적 복종을 끌어내는 효과적인 수단이 될 수 있었다. 왕권을 강화하려는 임금의 욕망, 복장을 통해 사회적 위상을 올리려는 개별 관료의 소망이 사복을 더욱 부추기기 때문이다. 하지만 사복의 남용은 공고한 공복체제를 교란하여, 관료 간의 階序性이 유지되길 바라는 관료집단의 저항을 유발했다. 그 과정에서 진척된 것이 바로 제도성 사복의 세밀화라고 할 수 있다. 다시 말해 의종대 공복상정식은 사복으로 개별적인 친밀감을 쌓고 신민에 대한 통제력을 강화하려는 국왕과 관료사회의 위계화된 질서를 지키려는 관료집단 사이의 오랜 길항의 산물이었다. This article intends to demonstrate how the public service system functioned as an apparatus to invoke servicemens voluntary servitude. In this regard, it observes the contents and structure of the code of official attire for public service (OAPS) launched at the mid-Goryo period. The royal government of Goryo actively utilized the OAPS system in order to reify the bureaucratic hierarchy. Since the codification itself could not properly officialize the bureaucratic hierarchy, the government not only institutionalized the stipends and fief for the bureaucrats but also devised a detailed ranking discrimination scheme. This scheme was ultimately embodied through the variability on the style of the attires so that strict ranking structure can be visually reflected on the OAPS system. The meticulously stratified OAPS inspired the servicemen of their intrinsic servitude toward the royal government and its epitome is the majestic bestowment of individual attire in person. It can be postulated that the bestowment played an efficient role in motivating the strong loyalty and servitude of servicemen within highly stratified bureaucratic society. The royal desire to reinforce its authority and servicemens endeavor to make themselves distinct within the hierarchy by unique attires were converged and triggered frequent bestowments. Too frequent bestowments, however, impinged on the OAPS and seriously disordered the settled social stratification by instigating the resistance of the official bureaucrats, the proponents of the existing class hierarchy. This conflicting progress finally created the very detailed institutionalization of bestowment; and can be exemplified by the royal ceremony of bestowment during the King Ui-Jong period which was an ultimate output of rivalry between the two parts: 1) the royal part who wanted to execute an intimate authority upon servicemen and people and 2) the official bureaucratic part who wanted to discriminate themselves and to solidify what they attained by maintaining the settled hierarchic order.

政治都監 활동에서 드러난 家 속의 개인과 그의 행동방식

이정란(Lee Jung-ran) 고려사학회 2005 한국사학보 Vol.- No.21

고려시대 후비부(后妃府)에 대한 기초적 검토

이정란 ( Jung Ran Lee ) 한국중세사학회 2006 한국중세사연구 Vol.0 No.20

대형할인점 점포 속성과 감정이 고객만족과 충성도에 미치는 영향: 점포수준에서의 고객기준 생산성 평가

이정란 ( Jung Ran Lee ),최빛나 ( Beet Na Choi ),이용기 ( Yong Ki Lee ) 한국생산성학회 2007 生産性論集 Vol.21 No.3

외국인 유학생의 논증 텍스트에 나타난 응집성 실현 양상 연구 -응집성 실현의 언어 사용을 중심으로-

이정란 ( Jung Ran Lee ) 이중언어학회 2013 이중언어학 Vol.52 No.-

The purpose of this study is to analysis aspects of coherence in the argumentative text of foreign students in Korea with a macroscopic point of view. Coherence is semantic network which is the most important and basic factor of the text. In this study, some phenomena of language from foreign students in Korea were investigated such as expressions of coherence in basis-conclusion and basis-inference-conclusion structure in their academic reports. It is found that most of foreign students are lack of variety of expressions and cannot use conjunctions appropriately. Also, it is very difficult to find drawing the valid inference in their writing. The results of this study illustrate needs for education of the structure and expressions in argumentative texts.(Ewha Womans University)

유방암 환자의 항암화학요법 관련 인지기능 변화와 삶의 질의 구조모형

이정란(Lee, Jung Ran),오복자(Oh, Pok Ja) 한국간호과학회 2019 Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Vol.49 No.4

Purpose: This study aimed to develop and test a structural model for chemotherapy-related cognitive impairment of breast cancer patients based on a literature review and Hess and Insel’s chemotherapy-related cognitive change model. Methods: The Participants consisted of 250 patients who were ≥19 years of age. The assessment tools included the Menopause Rating Scale, Symptom Experience Scale, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Everyday Cognition, and Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Breast Cancer. Data were analyzed using the SPSS 21.0 and AMOS 21.0 programs. Results: The modified model was a good fit for the data. The model fit indices were χ²=423.18 (p<.001), χ²/df=3.38, CFI=.91, NFI=.91, TLI=.89, SRMR=.05, RMSEA=.09, and AIC=515.18. Chemotherapy-related cognitive impairment was directly influenced by menopausal symptoms (β=.38, p=.002), depression and anxiety (β=.25, p=.002), and symptom experiences (β=.19, p=.012). These predictors explained 47.7% of the variance in chemotherapy-related cognitive impairment. Depression and anxiety mediated the relations among menopausal symptoms, symptom experiences, and with chemotherapy related cognitive impairment. Depression and anxiety (β=-.51, p=.001), symptom experiences (β=-.27, p=.001), menopausal symptoms (β=-.22, p=.008), and chemotherapy-related cognitive impairment (β=-.15, p=.024) had direct effects on the quality of life and these variables explained 91.3%. Conclusion: These results suggest that chemotherapy-related toxicity is highly associated with cognitive decline and quality of life in women with breast cancer. Depression and anxiety increased vulnerability to cognitive impairment after chemotherapy. Nursing intervention is needed to relieve chemotherapy-related toxicity and psychological factor as well as cognitive decline for quality of life in patients undergoing chemotherapy.

고려 宣宗妃 思肅太后와 仁宗妃 恭睿太后

이정란 (Lee Jung Ran) 한국인물사연구소 2011 한국인물사연구 Vol.16 No.-

In the Goryeo Dynasty, Empress Dowager Sasuk[思肅], the wife of Emperor Sunjong[宣宗], and Empress Dowager Kongyeh[恭睿], the wife of Emperor Injong[仁宗], have many in common each other in various aspects, but their lives are very different. Empress Dowager Sasuk is a figure that lived right after the Munjong[明宗] era when the system was reorganized and culture was burgeoning whereas Empress Kongyeh was in a position of Empress in the Injong and Myungjong era when the Confucian rituals were established, and the Confucianism became a main political idea of the Goryeo Dynasty. Therefore, one shows a typical pattern of Empress Dowager of the early Goryeo Dynasty, and the other may be a representative of Empress Dowager who lived in the era of transformation, and as a matter of fact, they were treated differently in their time. Empress Dowager Sasuk became Empress when a precedent of the wife of Munjong, in which Empress is treated as equal to Empeor in funeral rites, was accepted. Moreover, her son was sick and weak, so she had to rule the kingdom behind the veil. Therefore, those who lived in that time and who lived after that time remembered that she directly commanded the court for three years. In short, Empress Dowager Sasuk was a 'Empress Dowager' that had the most political power and was officially treated with exceptional respect. However, Empress Dowager Kongyeh had to go through various hardships as Empress Dowager although her life as an woman was in peace. As she had a different idea with her husband about succession, her own son doubted her thinking. In addition, she had to keep worrying about the safety of her sons and daughters when a group of generals launched and succeed a coup. Furthermore, in her era, people started to adopt an argument that Empress should not be treated as equal to Emperor in rituals, and even Empress's father should not be respected and be remained as a vassal of Emperor. Of course, the status of Empress Dowager, which had been maintained for a long time, could not be gone in a day, so she officially held a high status in rituals.