Performance Evaluation of the Tumor Tracking Method Using Beam on/off Interface for the Treatment of Irregular Breathing

이민식,Lee, Minsik The Korean Society of Radiology 2018 한국방사선학회 논문지 Vol.12 No.3

선량률을 조절하면서 종양을 추적하는 방법은 호흡이 불규칙한 환자를 치료할 때 방사선을 적응적으로 전달하는 효율적인 방법으로 알려져 있다. 이 연구에서는 빔 켜기/끄기 스위칭을 제공하는 모션 관리 인터페이스 (MMI, Varian Medical System, CA)를 이용한 불규칙 호흡에 대해 적응성 종양 추적을 시행 할 수 있는지 확인하였다. 폐암 환자로부터 획득한 55개의 호흡 정보를 사용하였다. 첫날 환자의 RPM 흔적을 사용하여 사전 프로그래밍 된 추적 MLC 패턴을 디자인하는데, 치료 기간 중 환자의 호흡 불규칙성의 변화를 따라 잡기 위해 기간을 의도적으로 20% 줄였다. 이 기술의 적정성 기준은 진폭 및 주기의 20 % 미만의 표준편차이다. 사전 프로그래밍 된 MLC 위치와 현재 호흡 위치를 고려하여 100 ms마다 빔 켜기 / 끄기를 결정하는 알고리즘이 개발되었다. 추적 오류 및 전달 효율성은 RPM 추적에서 빔 스위칭 적응형 추적을 시뮬레이션하여 계산되었다. 38 명의 환자(70%)의 호흡 양상이 적합 기준을 충족 시켰습니다. 기준을 충족하는 모든 사례의 추적 오류는 2 mm 미만 (평균 1.4 mm)이며 평균 전달 효능은 71 % 였다. 기준을 충족하지 못한, 나머지 경우의 추적오류와 전달 효율은 1.9 mm와 48% 였다. 본 연구를 통해, 환자 선택이 적격 기준을 기반으로 하는 경우 빔 스위칭을 통한 적응형 추적 치료가 가능한 것을 확인하였다. Dose rate regulated tracking is known to be an efficient method which adaptively delivers tracking treatments when patient breathing is irregular. The Motion Management Interface (MMI, Varian Medical System, CA), which provides beam on/off switching during treatment is available for clinic. Study is to test if delivering the adaptive tumor tracking is feasible for irregular breathing using beam switching with MMI. 55 free breathing RPM traces acquired from lung cancer patients are used. The first day RPM traces of the patients are utilized to design preprogrammed tracking MLC patterns, of which periods are intentionally reduced by 20% in order to catch up the variation of patient breathing irregularity in the treatment day. Eligibility criteria for this technique are the variation of amplitude and period less than 20%. An algorithm which determines beam on/off every 100 ms by considering the preprogrammed (MLC) positions and current breathing positions is developed. Tracking error and delivery efficacy are calculated by simulating the beam-switching adaptive tracking from the RPM traces. Breathing patterns of 38 patients (70%) met the eligibility criteria. Tracking errors of all of the cases who meet the criteria are less than 2 mm (average 1.4 mm) and the average delivery efficacy was 71%. Those of rest of the cases are 1.9 mm and 48%. Adaptive tracking with beam switching is feasible if patient selection is based on the eligibility criteria.

한국사상(韓國思想)(사학(史學)) : 자국사와 역사의식

이민식 ( Min Sik Lee ) 한국사상문화학회 2009 韓國思想과 文化 Vol.48 No.-

자국사 서술의 효시는 『유기』를 비롯한 『신집』 5권, 『서기』 『국사』 등으로 단군사나 기자조선사를 서술치 않은 사서는 없다. 그러나 『삼국사기』 만이 유일하게 단군사를 서술하고 있지 않다. 이것은 『삼국사기』 서술의 태도가 사대주의적 역사관에 입각하였기 때문이다. 이러한 점에서 『삼국유사』와 대조적이다. 조선조에 들어오면 중국 사서의 영향과 문화의식의 성장과 본국 사적에 대한 반성으로 자국사에 대한 편사 의식이 어느 때보다도 강렬히 표출되었다. 자국사에 대한 관심은 실학자들에 의하여 높아졌다. 이익·안정복·박지원·이덕무·한치륜·유득공 등에 의하여 중국사 중심의 사관을 비판하고 자국사의 중요성을 강조하였다. 아울러 개화기의 개화사체(신체사)는 자국사를 강조함으로써 단군을 기술하고 있어 민족사를 통한 자의식을 어느 때보다도 유별히 보여 주고 있다. 특히 민족주의 사학자인 신채호는 단군을 신화적 존재로 취급하고 있는 실정과 대비하여 본다면 높이 평가하지 않을 수 없다. 그래서 신채호는 『조선상고사』에서 단군에 대하여 기록하였다. 그는 단군사는 순수한 우리 나라의 고유 신화에 불교적 요소가 점철되어 있는 것이라고 서술하고 있다. 단군 신화가 발생된 배경은 수두(신단) 시대 단군 신앙을 이용하여 스스로 상제의 화신이라 일컸고 조선을 건국하였다고 하였다. 신채호는 기자동래설에 대하여서도 부정하지 않았다. 세계사관은 민족사관이 바탕이어야 한다. 이 같은 점에서 자국사 연구는 매우 중요하다 하겠다. The origin of writing Korean History was from Yuki(유기), Sinjip 5 volume (신집5권), Seogi(서기) and Guksa(국사) in the Three Period on Korean History. It was written in order to beautify Kings and their Kingdom by contemporary historians. It all was written the contents of Dangun(단군) and Gija(기자) by them, because the historic views to Smguksagi. It was compared to Samgukyusa(삼국유사). It was not written Giza according to the views of recognition of his contemporary nation. It was written through Tongsagangmok(동사강목) by Anjungbok(안정복) Yunyunginyun(유년기년) by Lee Dukmu(이덕무) Haedongyuksa(해동역사) by Hanchiryun(한치륜) in Chosun Period, and ect,. But it was written under consciousness to themself Nation. So it was different from the former historians. The Great Historian, Shin Cha Ho wrote early The History of Ancient Korea(조선상고사). It said that we can look for his nationalism and consciousness for nation through it especially.

경기상황에 따른 여성고정관념형 제품의 광고효과에 관한 연구

이민식(Min Sik Lee),안대천(Dae Chun An) 한국광고홍보학회 2014 광고연구 Vol.0 No.101

본 연구는 경기상황에 따라 광고모델의 성별과 메시지유형, 이 변수들 간의 상호작용이 광고에 대한 태 도와 구매의도에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 생애사이론과 립스틱효과를 바탕으로 여성 소비심리의 변 화를 불경기와 호경기로 구분하였고, 광고모델의 성별에 따른 소비자의 자아일치성 강도를 살펴보기 위 해 모델의 성별을 남녀로 구분하였고, 메시지 유형은 조절초점 적합성이론에 따라 예방초점과 향상초점 메시지로 조작하여 실험을 실시하였다. 서울 소재 여대생 387명을 대상으로 실시한 연구결과에 의하면, 여성 심리기제는 경기상황에 따라 다르게 작동하는 것으로 나타났다. 즉 불경기 시에는 여성모델이 등장 한 광고에 대한 태도와 구매의도가 높은 것으로 나타났고, 예방초점 메시지의 효과가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 반면 호경기 시에는 남성 모델이 등장하거나 향상초점 메시지를 구사한 광고에 대한 태도와 구매 의도가 상대적으로 더 높은 것으로 나타났다. 경기상황에 따라 소비심리가 광고모델에 대한 성자아일치성에 영향을 미쳐 모델의 성별에 따른 광고효과의 차이를 확인할 수 있었고, 소비자의 조절초점에 따른 광고메시지에 대한 반응도 모델의 성별과 경기상황에 따라 차이가 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 이러한 결 과는 여성소비자를 타깃으로 하는 여성고정관념형 제품의 광고모델과 핵심메시지 전략을 수립할 때 단순히 성자아일치성이나 주목성을 높이고자 남성모델을 이용하기 보다는 시장상황에 따른 여성소비자의 심리기제의 변화를 고려해야 함을 암시한다. Based on the lipstick effect, this study intends to examine the potential interaction effects of the gender of ad models, the types of ad message, and the economic conditions on ad effectiveness. Specifically, the possible interaction effects of the three independent variables are examined with respect to attitude toward ad and purchase intention. In doing so, the gender of ad model divided into male and female, types of messages were differentiated between prevention-focused and promotionfocused, and economic conditions were categorized as roaring and depression. A 2x2x2 experiment was conducted with a sample of 387 female undergraduate students at a large private university in Seoul. According to the results, there was a three-way interaction between the gender of model, type of advertising message and the economic conditions. That is, under poor economic condition, the respondents showed more favorable ad attitude and a high level of purchase intention to the products of which ad model is female. In addition, prevention-focused messages were found to be more effective than promotionfocused message. Under flourishing economic condition, the respondents showed more favorable ad attitude and a high level of purchase intention when ad model is male. In addition, promotion-focused message were found to be more effective than prevention-focused message. These results provide some practical implications to marketers and advertising managers. It is recommended that managers understanded the complex nature of the relationship between the gender of model, type of advertising message and the economic conditions when they try to develop ad message strategies that are targeted toward female consumers. Especially, a three-way interaction effect found in this study suggest that for the products that are considered female-stereotyped products, managers may need to consider the possible interaction effects among economic conditions, the gender of model, and types of ad messages.

미국의 대조선 친일정책 ( 親日政策 ) 의 출현 - 청일전쟁기를 중심으로 -

이민식 ( Min Sik Lee ) 고려대학교 역사연구소 1992 사총 Vol.40 No.-

카테고리 중립 단어 활용을 통한 주가 예측 방안

이민식(Minsik Lee),이홍주(Hong Joo Lee) 한국지능정보시스템학회 2017 지능정보연구 Vol.23 No.2

Since the stock market is driven by the expectation of traders, studies have been conducted to predict stock price movements through analysis of various sources of text data. In order to predict stock price movements, research has been conducted not only on the relationship between text data and fluctuations in stock prices, but also on the trading stocks based on news articles and social media responses. Studies that predict the movements of stock prices have also applied classification algorithms with constructing term-document matrix in the same way as other text mining approaches. Because the document contains a lot of words, it is better to select words that contribute more for building a term-document matrix. Based on the frequency of words, words that show too little frequency or importance are removed. It also selects words according to their contribution by measuring the degree to which a word contributes to correctly classifying a document. The basic idea of constructing a term-document matrix was to collect all the documents to be analyzed and to select and use the words that have an influence on the classification. In this study, we analyze the documents for each individual item and select the words that are irrelevant for all categories as neutral words. We extract the words around the selected neutral word and use it to generate the term-document matrix. The neutral word itself starts with the idea that the stock movement is less related to the existence of the neutral words, and that the surrounding words of the neutral word are more likely to affect the stock price movements. And apply it to the algorithm that classifies the stock price fluctuations with the generated term-document matrix. In this study, we firstly removed stop words and selected neutral words for each stock. And we used a method to exclude words that are included in news articles for other stocks among the selected words. Through the online news portal, we collected four months of news articles on the top 10 market cap stocks. We split the news articles into 3 month news data as training data and apply the remaining one month news articles to the model to predict the stock price movements of the next day. We used SVM, Boosting and Random Forest for building models and predicting the movements of stock prices. The stock market opened for four months (2016/02/01 ~ 2016/05/31) for a total of 80 days, using the initial 60 days as a training set and the remaining 20 days as a test set. The proposed word - based algorithm in this study showed better classification performance than the word selection method based on sparsity. This study predicted stock price volatility by collecting and analyzing news articles of the top 10 stocks in market cap. We used the term - document matrix based classification model to estimate the stock price fluctuations and compared the performance of the existing sparse - based word extraction method and the suggested method of removing words from the term - document matrix. The suggested method differs from the word extraction method in that it uses not only the news articles for the corresponding stock but also other news items to determine the words to extract. In other words, it removed not only the words that appeared in all the increase and decrease but also the words that appeared common in the news for other stocks. When the prediction accuracy was compared, the suggested method showed higher accuracy. The limitation of this study is that the stock price prediction was set up to classify the rise and fall, and the experiment was conducted only for the top ten stocks. The 10 stocks used in the experiment do not represent the entire stock market. In addition, it is difficult to show the investment performance because stock price fluctuation and profit rate may be different. Therefore, it is necessary to study the research using more stocks and the yield prediction through trading simulation.

살인범죄의 양형에 관한 경험적 연구

이민식(Lee, MinSik),박미랑(Park, MiRang) 한양법학회 2011 漢陽法學 Vol.36 No.-

This study is an empirical study on sentencing toward murderers. Especially, this study is to analyze the status quo of application of the first Korean sentencing guideline. The data are composed of 157 murder cases which were sentenced by the first stage courts nationwide between July 1st, 2009 and September 30th, 2010. The data come from the Prosecutorial Guideline System of the Korean Supreme Prosecutors" Office. The results are presented about the distribution features of sentence by the three subtypes of murder cases, the correspondence rate of the guideline, the frequencies that specific sentencing factors were adopted, and the individual and relative influences of the factors, etc. The results of multiple regression analyses show that the effects of special or general decreasing sentencing factors prescribed by the guideline such as strong victim precipitation, self-surrender, bereaved family"s intention for punishment, rescue and evacuation after crime, and of crime type variables were significant in predicting the length of sentence among Korean murderers.

횡령,배임범죄 집행유예 결정기준의 적절성에 관한 경험적 검토

이민식 ( Min Sik Lee ) 대한범죄학회 2016 한국범죄학 Vol.10 No.1

본 연구는 현행 횡령·배임범죄 집행유예 결정기준의 적절성과 참작사유들의 사용빈도 및 예측효과에 대한 경험적 평가를 목적으로 한다. 이를 위하여 대검찰청의 검찰사건처리정보시스템에 입력되어있는 횡령·배임사건 중 2009년 7월 1일부터 2013년 3월31일까지 45개월 기간 동안에 1심 판결이 선고된 사건 가운데 36개월 이하의 징역형을 선고받은 총 4,991건을 로지스틱 회귀분석을 통해 분석하였다. 이러한 분석은 전체 횡령·배임사건에 대해서 뿐만 아니라, 적용법령에 따라 구분되는 3가지 하위 범죄유형별(형법 제355조 횡령·배임, 업무상 횡령·배임, 특경법상 횡령·배임)로도 별도로 이루어졌다. 분석결과, 상당히 많은 참작사유 변수들의 효과가 유의미하였지만, 전체 모델의 설명력은 그다지 크지 않았다. 불법 이득액의 액수에 의해 구분되는 ‘범죄유형’ 변수의 효과는 특경법상 횡령·배임의 경우를 제외하고는 모두 유의미 하였다. 소위 법률외적 요인들로 성별, 연령, 교육수준, 가구소득의 네 가지 사회인구학적 변수들도 통제되었으나 연령과 가구소득의 효과만 유의미하였다. 분석결과와 관련된 함의들은 본문에서 구체적으로 논의하도록 한다. The purpose of this paper is to describe and examine the significant factors on in-out decision for embezzlement and misappropriation criminals as recognizing the lack of empirical research on in-out decision for them in S. Korea. The data were obtained from the Prosecutorial Guideline System (PGS) of the Supreme Prosecutors`` Office in Korea. Based on the PGS data archive, a total of 4,991 available cases of embezzlement and misappropriation crime, sentenced between July 1, 2009 and March 31, 2013, were collected. Due to the dependent variable (in-out decision) which is dichotomous, logistic regression analyses were mainly employed. The results contain the frequencies of in-out decision factors in the sentencing guidelines and the likelihood to be sentenced out according to the predictors. The results are reported according to the three subtypes of embezzlement and misappropriation crime divided by the penalty ordinances. The finding indicates that the goodness-of-fits of the whole models are relatively poor even though there are many factors that are significant in predicting the in-out decision. Among socio-demographic factors, the effects of age and household income are fairly significant. The detailed policy implications for the Korean sentencing guideline system, especially for embezzlement and misappropriation criminals, are discussed in the context.

Boron alloy sheet/CFRP 복합소재의 접착특성 및 기계적특성 연구

이민식(M. S. Lee),김현호(H.H. Kim),강충길(C. G. Kang) 한국소성가공학회 2012 한국소성가공학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2012 No.5

Light weight vehicle has been required more and more in order to Increase fuel efficiency and to reduce CO² that cause global warming. The demands has been developed advanced composite materials such as aluminum, magnesium alloys and CFRP(Carbon fiber reinforced plastic). The advanced composite materials are being developed and used in the various industries such as automobile, aerospace, high-speed train and other construction. Recent, Al/CFRP or steel/CFRP hybrid materials have investigated to apply this material in automobile industry. It is essential that lower time and lower cost fabricating should be followed first. In this study, Hot-press molding method is used to reduce time and cost. Boron steel/CFRP was made by hot-press molding in temp 140℃ and 0.4㎫. This method is faster 8 times than autoclave. But hot press molding method needs hybrid materials that have good bonding strength and mechanical properties. After boron steel/CFRP hybrid materials were made by hot press molding, bonding strength and mechanical properties were investigated through 3-point bending test, simple tensile test and shear test. Coated and uncoated boron steel sheet were used to know how coating affect bonding strength. In the shear and T-peel test, uncoated boron steel/CFRP hybrid materials became better than coated boron steel/CFRP.

양형에 대한 연령과 범죄경력의 상호작용효과 검토: 살인범을 인범을 중심으로

이민식 ( Min Sik Lee ) 대한범죄학회 2012 한국범죄학 Vol.6 No.2

This study addresses on the interaction effects between age and criminal history related factors on sentencing disparities among murderers in S. Korea. In addition, this study tries to inquire some nonlinear relationships, proposed in the literature, between age and sentencing. The data come from a 2005 year survey of official records of murderers and manslaughters prisoned in 25 Korean correctional institutions. The findings from multivariate OLS regression analyses indicate that the age effect on sentencing is not linear, but curvilinear. Also, the linear or nonlinear effects of age depend on some criminal history related factors such as criminal history density in explaining the sentencing disparities among Korean murderers.

규제개혁정책과 부정부패(Ⅲ) : 식품위생, 세무분야

이민식(Lee Min-Sik),연성진,이천현 한국형사법무정책연구원 2001 형사정책연구원 연구총서 Vol.- No.-